《软件需求分析、设计与建模》复习

1、Module 2: Requirements OverviewWhat is a Use-Case Model?A model that describes a systems functional requirements in terms of use cases;A model of the systems intended fUnctionality(use cases) and its environment (actors).What is an actor?An actor represents anything that interacts with the system.Wh

2、at is a use case? List examples of use case properties.A use case is a sequence of actions a system performs that yields an observable result of value to a particular actor.What is the difference between a use case and a scenario?A scenario is an instance of a use case.What is a Supplementary Specif

3、ication and what does it include?Functionality、Usability、Reliability、Performance、Supportability、Design constraints、Supplementary、SpecificationModule 3: Analysis and Design OverviewWhat is the purpose of the Analysis and Design Discipline?The purposes of Analysis and Design are to:Transform the requi

4、rements into a design of the system-to-be.Evolve a robust architecture for the system.Adapt the design to match the implementation environment, designing it for performance.Name and briefly describe the 4+1 Views of Architecture.Logical ViewProcess ViewAn 罚 lysts/Des igners StmctwreSy&tom int弗 E55 P

5、erformance ScaiabHity ThmughputSystem enginringSystem topo/ogy DeWis/y相EM如 commun/cafronProgrammersI Softrare msnagmntWhat is the difference between Analysis and Design?AnalysisDesign Focus on understanding the problem Focus on understanding the solution Idealized design Operations and attributes Be

6、havior Performance System structure Close to real code Functional Object lifecycles requirements Nonfunctional requirements A small model A large modelWhat is architecture?Software architecture encompasses a set of significant decisions about the organization of a software system.Module 4: Architect

7、ural AnalysisWhat is a package?A package is a general-purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups.It is a model element that can contain other model elements.2. What is a layered architecture? Give examples of typical layers.MiddlewareSpecific functionalityGeneral functionalityi r ： . r r

8、r i - i a r p - r i r r 了 rr.r 11 w n r.r r r;i n B,iApplication Subsystems蹒密舲0 I； ； jSIKK-lK-wESfKIW?System SoftwareBusiness-SpecificModule 5: Use-Case AnalysisWhat is an analysis class? Name and describe the three analysis stereotypes.Boundary Class、Entity Class、Control Class.What is a Use-Case Re

9、alization?Use-Case ModelDesign Modelo Provide behavior Dont provide behavior Completely encapsulate their Dont completely encapsulate theircontentscontents Are easily replaced May not be easily replacedWhat is a subsystem used for, and how do you identify them?Subsystems can be used to partition the

10、 system into parts that can be independentlyWhat are some layering and partitioning considerations?Layering Considerations:Partitioning ConsiderationsVisibilityVolatilityGeneralityNumber of layersCoupling and cohesionUser organizationCompetency and/or skill areasSystem distributionSecrecyVariability

11、Module 7: Describe the Run-time ArchitectureWhat is a process? What is a thread?ProcessThread Provides heavyweight flow of Provides lightweight flow of controlcontrol Runs in the context of an enclosing Is stand-aloneprocess Can be divided into individualthreadsDescribe the two strategies for mappin

12、g classes and subsystems to processes.Two Strategies (used simultaneously):Inside-OutGroup elements that closely cooperate and must execute in the same thread of controlSeparate elements that do not interactRepeat until you reach the minimum number of processes that still provide the required distri

13、bution and effective resource utilizationOutside-InDefine a separate thread of control for each external stimuliDefine a separate server thread of control for each serviceReduce number of threads to what can be supportedHow do you model the Process View? What modeling elements and diagrams are used?

14、Processes can be modeled using:Active classes (Class Diagrams) and Objects(Interaction Diagrams)Components (Component Diagrams)Module 8: Describe DistributionWhat is a node? Describe the two different “types” of nodes.Node:Physical run-time computational resourceProcessor nodeExecutes system softwar

15、eDevice nodeSupport deviceTypically controlled by a processorConnection:Communication mechanismPhysical mediumSoftware protocolDescribe some of the considerations when mapping processes to nodes.Process-to-Node Allocation ConsiderationsDistribution patternsResponse time and system throughputMinimiza

16、tion of cross-network trafficNode capacityCommunication medium bandwidthAvailability of hardware and communication linksRerouting requirementsHow do you model the Deployment View? What modeling elements and diagrams are used?Deployment modeling elements contains node and connection. Reference to Que

17、stion 1.Module 9: Use-Case Design1. What is meant by encapsulating subsystem interactions? Why is it a good thing to do?Interactions can be described at several levels.Subsystem interactions can be described in their own interaction diagrams.Advantages of Encapsulating Subsystem Interactions:Use-cas

18、e realizations:Are less clutteredCan be created before the internal designs of subsystems are created (parallel development)Are more generic and easier to change(Subsystems can be substituted.)Module 10: Subsystem Design1. How many interaction diagrams should be produced during Subsystem Design? One

19、 or more interaction diagrams per interface operationModule 11: Class DesignAre statecharts created for every class?Statechart is a directed graph of states (nodes) connected bytransitions (directed arcs).Statechart for one of the classes that exhibits state-controlled behavior.What are the major components of a statechart? Provide a brief description of each.Signifi