西方饭桌礼仪ppt课件

1、Contemporary British Culture and SocietyChapter 1 IntroductionAutumn Semester, Sept. 2005Xiao HuiyunObjectivesIn this chapter we will look at some general features of Britain and set the scene for the more detailed examination of particular aspects of life there which are dealt with in later chapter

2、s Focal Questions What is the full name of the British state? What countries does it consist of?What is the total population of the United Kingdom? Where do most people live?Do you think that most of the ethnic minorities in Britain have different age structures from that of the white population? Wh

3、y?What do you think are the most important factors in determining class?How do you understand the status of women in contemporary Britain?What are some of the key changes over the last fifty years in the UK?ProceduresPresentation by Students Focal questions 3 & 4Lectures by the teacherClass discussi

4、on Exploitation Activities (p.11)Assignment for the next chapterA1 GeographyThe British Isles is a traditional term used to identify the group of islands off the northwest coast of Europe consisting of Great Britain, Ireland and the many smaller adjacent islands (over 16). These islands form an arch

5、ipelago off the west coast of Europe, 315,134 km2 (121,674 square miles).To many Irish people as well as Scottish and Welsh nationalists, the term British Isles is unacceptable.A1 Geography continuedThe term is no longer used in Irish state documents, has been abandoned from Irish schoolbooks and is

6、 being phased out of textbooks. Its usage is also decreasing in official British state documentation, out of sensitivity to the concerns of Irish, Scottish and Welsh people and the evolving new geo-political relationships. Alternatives However the issue of a replacement term remains unsettled as of

7、2003, though in the context of the Northern Ireland peace process the term Islands of the North Atlantic (IONA), a term initially created by former Conservative Party MP Sir John Biggs-Davison, has been used as a neutral term to describe these islands .A1 Geography continued IONA ? The British Isles

8、A 1 Geography cont. *n.a.National Flag The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandChief of the State - Queen Elizabeth IIENGLANDDemographics:Population: 51 MillionLanguage: EnglishPeople: Anglo-Saxons, Scots, Welsh, Irish, West Indians, Pakistanis, Indians, ChineseReligion: Church of En

9、gland, Methodist, Baptist, Catholic, Muslim, Hindu, and SikhCapital City: LondonENGLAND cont.Culture:They have artistic contributions in theatre , literature, and architecture.Staple food: Fish and Chips, bacon, eggs, sausage, and mash.Its not famous for quality but its a cuisine. There are astonish

10、ing regional variations in accents.St. James Park, LondonEngland contWindsor Castle Leeds CastleFish and ChipsEnglish staple foodWALESDemographics:Population: 2.9 MillionCapital city: Cardiff People: Celts, Anglo-Saxons Language: Welsh, English Religion: Nonconformist Protestants, Anglicans, Catholi

11、csWALES cont.Culture:One thing that marks Wales out from the rest of the Britain is the survival of Welsh as a living language. Welsh food is not well-known. They eat laverbread (a mixture of seaweed, oatmeal and bacon served on toast), Rarebit (cheese on toast with the added flavor of mustard and b

12、eer).Caerphilly Castle, South WalesBeaumaris Castle, N. WalesNORTHERN IRELANDDemographics:Population: 1.6 MillionCapital city: Belfast People: IrishLanguage: English, and IrishReligion: 95% Roman Catholic, 3.4% Protestant in the Republic; 60% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic in Northern IrelandNORTHER

13、N IRELAND cont.Culture:Perform a dance known as the “jig which they do to Irish folk music.Very festive people and dance on various occasions. Meals are based around meats like lamb, beef, and pork.Main meal is usually lunch, not dinner.Irish Townhouse b&bIrish JigSCOTLANDDemographics:Population: 5.

14、1 MillionCapital city: Edinburgh People: Celts, Anglo-SaxonsLanguage: English, Gaelic Religion: Presbyterian Church of Scotland, other Presbyterian churches, Anglicans, Catholics SCOTLAND cont.Culture:Greatest Scottish accomplishments come in the form of science, literature, and philosophy.Bagpipes

15、are very famous in Scotland.Social gathering known as ceilidh were very popular in the traditional culture in which folk stories were told.Today, stories are substituted for drinking and dancing.Scots are known primarily for game dishes like smoked salmon and venisonScottish DanceCastles of Scotland

16、A2 Population 2002 CensusUK 59,289,194England51,831Wales 2,903,085Scotland 5,162,011Northern Ireland 1,685,267A2 Population continued DensityUK average 243/km2England 376/km2Scotland 65/km2Wales 141/km2N. Ireland 122/km2France 106/km2US 27/km2 A 2 Population cont. Ageing Population 1981-2021 64 yrs

17、14%-23% 黄线A 3 Ethnic GroupsBritish society is seen as multicultural but not racially tolerant. It is also seen as divided by class and unwelcoming to foreigners Reasons for relatively poor performance of ethnic minority children: (with the exception of Asian children)Low IQ e.g. Eysenck has suggeste

18、d that West Indian children have a lower IQ than others. The Swann report could find no evidence of this.Material deprivation the majority of ethnic minority groups are working class and their children experience the same material disadvantage of other working class children.A 3 Ethnic Groups cont.H

19、idden curriculum culturally and linguistically biased against ethnic minority groups.Labelling teachers tend to stereotype ethnic minority students and attach negative labels which become self fulfilling prophecies.Racism racism in wider society diminishes self esteem. The school can be seen as repr

20、esentative of the Dominant culture and is therefore rejected.A 3 Ethnic Groups cont.The Chinese in BritainEstimated number: 250,000 (including Chinese students and illegal immigrants)Came from Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Hong Kong and mainland China.Now mainly live in big cities like Londo

21、n, Manchester, Sheffield, Liverpool, Newcastle and Glasgow, etc.A 3 Ethnic Groups cont.Jobs: engage in catering & catering-related business. Compared with other coloured minorities, they suffer less discrimination. Law-abiding, business does not conflict with the local British, seldom ask for financ

22、ial assistance.Problems among the 2nd-generation Chinese (most of them professionals):They have to struggle for a future. Many cannot find jobs after finishing education in Britain.They face an identity crisis.The Chinese start to participate in political affairs. There are Chinese Councilors in Lon

23、don, Manchester, Liverpool, etc. Some have joined Cons. or Labor Parties.A 4 ClassThe United Kingdom is increasingly described as a classless society. *Major(1990) *Blair(1999)However many people still believe society is ordered in terms of class and that discrimination occurs between classes.Everyt

24、hing a Briton does and says is influenced by class.Accent*, vocabulary*, job*, hobbies* and types of relationship all fit into the class structure.A 4 Class cont.Social Classification for 21st Century1 A Large employers & higher managerial occupations 9%1 B Higher professional occu. 12%2 Lower profe

25、ssional occu. 17%3 Intermediate occupations 14%4 Small employers & own account workers 9%A 4 Class cont.5 Lower supervisors & craft & related occupations 10%6 Semi-routine occu. 21%7 Routine occu 8%Only 25% of Britons now consider themselves working class compared with 51% in 1955 (1CM/Guardian), while 35% see themselves as middle class, up from 28% in 1986 (Mail on Sunday). But 85% still think Britain is a class-based society, with 69% believing that top jobs are only available to the privileged few (NO