分子生物学词汇(A4)

1、分子生物学词汇（A4）分子生物学词汇（A4）分子生物学词汇（A4）antigen抗原antigencrosslinking抗原交联antigendeterminant抗原决定簇antigenexcess抗体过量antigenmimicking抗原模拟antigenmimicry抗原模拟antigenpresentation抗原呈递antigenpresenting抗原呈递antigenpresentingcell抗原呈递细胞，呈递抗原细胞antigenprocessing抗原力口工antigenreceptor抗原受体antigenrecognition抗原识另Uantigenselectio

2、n抗原选择antigenicdeterminant抗原决定簇antigenicdrift抗原（性）漂移antigenicheterogeneity抗原异质性antigenicshift抗原（性）转变antigenicstimulation抗原刺激antigenicvariation抗原（性）变异antigenicity抗原性antigenizedantibody抗原化抗体antigenome反基因组antiglobulinantibodytest抗球蛋白抗体试验antiglobulintest抗球蛋白试验antihemophilicfactor抗血友病因子antihistamine抗组胺（齐U

3、）antihormone抗激素antihydrophobicagent抗疏水齐Uantihypertensive抗高血压剂antiinflammatoryaction抗炎作用antiluteolyticprotein抗黄体溶解蛋白antilymphaticserum抗淋巴（细胞）血清antilysin抗溶（菌）素antimetabolite抗代谢物antimicrobialagent抗微生物剂antimicrobialpeptide抗生物肽antimony镶antimutanen抗突变齐Uantimutator抗突变基因antimycin抗霉素antimycoticimmunity抗真菌免疫a

4、ntineoplasticagent抗肿瘤齐L抗癌齐Uantioncogene抗癌基因antioxidant抗氧化齐Uantioxidantenzyme抗氧化酶antiozonant防臭氧剂Jantipain抗蛋白酶antiparallel反平行；反平行的antiparasiticimmunity抗寄生虫免疫antiplasmin抗纤溶酶antipodalcell反足细胞antipodalnucleus反足核antiport反向转运，对向转运antiproliferative抗增殖的antiproliferativeactivity抗增殖活性antipsychotics抗精神病药物antipy

5、rine安替比林antiradiationeffect抗辐射效应antirepression抗阻抑（作用）antirepressor抗阻抑物antisense反义硫代磷酸反义dnaantisensedna反义dnaantisensednaphosphorothioate反义寡（脱氧）核甘酸antisenseoligodeoxynucleotideantisenseoligonucleotide反义寡核甘酸antisenserna反义rnaantisensestrand反义链antisepsis防腐antiseptic消毒剂，防腐剂antisera抗血清（复数）antiserum抗血清antis

6、treptolysinotest抗链球菌溶血素o试验antithrombin抗凝血酶antithrombotics抗凝剂，抗凝物antitoxin抗毒素antitranspirant抗蒸腾齐Uantitumoragent抗肿瘤剂，抗癌剂antitumorantibiotics抗肿瘤抗生素antitumordrug抗肿瘤药物，抗癌药antiviral抗病毒的；抗病毒剂，抗病毒药物antiviralactivity抗病毒活性antiviralagent抗病毒齐Uantiviraldrug抗病毒药物antiviralimmunity抗病毒免疫antiviralpeptide抗病毒肽antiviral

7、therapy抗病毒治疗antoantibody自身抗体ap激活蛋白apendonuc,le,ase脱喋吟口密咤内切核酸酶apsite脱喋吟喀咤位点，无喋吟喀咤位点apamin蜂毒明肽apatite磷灰石aperiodicalcoil无规卷曲apex噬菌体顶部aphid观虫aphidocolin观肠霉素来自观肠头抱素apicalcapsomer噬菌体顶部壳粒apicalcell顶端细胞apicaldominance顶端优势apicalgrowth顶端生长apicalinitial顶端原始细胞apicalmeristemaplanogameteaplanosporebaplasmomycinap

8、lasticanemiaaplysia雨虎属顶端分生组织不动配子不动抱子除疟霉素再生障碍性贫血apneusticcenter长吸中枢用于神经生物学apocalmodulin脱钙钙调蛋白apochromaticlens全色消差透镜apocrine顶质分泌，顶泌apoenzyme脱辅酶apofacialreaction反面反应apoferritin脱铁铁蛋白apogamogony无融合结实apogamy无酉己（子）生殖apolaraproticsolvent非极性非质子溶剂apolarinteraction非极性相互作用apolipoprotein载脂蛋白分为载脂蛋白a、b、e等apomeiosi

9、s未减数抱子生殖apomict无融合生殖体apomixis无融合生殖apoplast质外体，离质体apoplastictranslocation质外体运输apoprotein脱辅蛋白质apoptosis编程性细胞死亡，细胞程序死亡aporphine阿朴啡aporphinealkaloid阿朴啡（类）生物碱apospory无抱子生殖apotransferrin脱铁运铁蛋白apotroposin脱钙肌钙蛋白apparatus装置；器（官）apparentactivationenergy表观活化能apparentdensity视密度apparentinfection显性感染apparentmolar

10、mass表观摩尔质量apparentmolecularweight表观分子量apparentosmoticspace表观透空间apparentphotosynthesis净光合apparentviscosity表观粘度applestemgroovingvirus苹果凹茎病毒appliedbiology应用生物学appositiongrowth敷着生长见于植物apramycin阿泊啦霉素，暗霉素第二成分apron围裙aproticsolvent非质子溶齐Uaprotinin商抑蛋白酶肽即胰kunitz胰蛋白酶抑制剂，为58个氨基酸的碱性肽apurinicacid脱喋吟核酸apvgaulinpre

11、ss商apvgaulin（细胞）压碎机apvhomogenizer商apv匀浆器apvpress商apv（细胞）压碎器apyrenesperm无核精子apyrimidinicacid脱喀咤核酸aquaculture水培aquatic水的；水生的，水生生物aquaticbacteria水生移田）菌aquaticbiology水生生物学aqueous水的，含水的aqueouspartitioning水相分酉已aqueousphase水相aqueoussolutionpolymerization水溶液聚合aqueoustwophaseartitioningsystem水两相分酉己系统aqueoust

12、wophasesystem水两相系统araoperon阿（拉伯）糖操纵子araban阿拉伯聚糖arabidopisthaliana拟南芥v植物学名arabinogalactan阿拉伯半孚L聚糖arabinose阿拉伯糖arachidicacid花生酸，二十（烷）酸arachidonicacid花生四烯酸，顺-5,8,11,14-二十四烯酸arachnoid蛛网膜arbitrarilyprimedpcr任意引物pcrarbitrationanalysis仲裁分析arbovirus虫媒病毒arc弧；电弧archenteron原肠archeobacteria古名田菌archesporium抱原名田胞

13、architecture结构arenavirus沙粒病毒科名用arenaviridaeargininase精氨酸酶arginine精氨酸argininefork精氨酸叉与rna的识别有关argininevasopressin精氨酸升压素，精氨酸加压素argininevasotocin精催产素，精力口压催产素argininosuccinicacid精氨（基）琥珀酸argon氨aril假种皮arithmeticaveragedeviation算术平均偏差arithmeticmean算术均数arm臂如染色体臂、噬菌体臂、连接臂等;杆armratio染色体臂比armyworm粘虫如草地贪夜蛾arnol

14、dsteamsterilizer流通蒸汽灭菌器aromatic芳香（族）氨基酸aromaticcompound芳香（族）化合物aromatichydrocarbon芳（香）炫aromatichydrocarbonreceptor芳（香）炫受体array数组；列阵；一批arrest抑制；扣留；停滞arrestin视紫红质抑制蛋白可与视紫红质结合，使其受体与转导素解偶联arrheniusequation阿伦尼乌斯方程arrheniustheory阿伦尼乌斯理论arrhenokaryon雄核，精核arrhenoplasm雄质arrhenotoky产雄孤雌生殖arsenate碑酸盐arsenic碑ar

15、senicacid碑酸arteriosclerosis动脉硬化arthropoda节肢动物门arthrospore节抱子articulin联接蛋白一种膜骨架蛋白，见于小眼虫artifact（人为）假象artificialcell人工细胞artificialchromosome人工染色体artificialculture人工培养artificialgene人工基因artificialinsemination人工受精artificialintelletual人工智能器artificialintelligence人工智能artificialmembrane人工膜artificialminichrom

16、osome人工微型染色体artificialparthenogenesis人工孤雌生殖artificialripening人工催熟artificialtransposon人工转座子artivicialselection人工选择aryl芳基arylcation芳正离子arylhydrocarbon芳（香）炫arylhydrocarbonhydroxylase芳（香）炫羟化酶arylhydrocarbonreceptor芳（香）炫受体arylsulfatase芳基硫酸酯酶arylation芳基化asa乙酰水杨酸ascarite烧碱石棉ascending activating system上行激活系

17、统用于神经生物学ascendingdevelopment上行展开法ascertainment确定，确认asci子囊（复数）ascites腹水ascitictumor腹水瘤ascomycetes子囊菌纲名用ascomycetesascorbicacid抗坏血酸ascospore子囊抱子ascus子囊asepsis无菌aseptic无菌的aseptictechnique无菌操作aseptictissueculture无菌组织培养asexualflower无性花asexualgeneration无性世代asexualhybridization无性杂交asexualreproduction无性生殖as

18、exualspore无性抱子ash灰分ashcontent灰分含量，含灰量asialoglycoprotein脱唾液酸糖蛋白asialoorosomucoid脱唾液酸血清类粘蛋白asiaticoside积雪草皂昔asparaginase天冬酰胺酶asparaginate天冬酰胺asparagine天冬酰胺asparaginesynthetase天冬酰胺合成酶aspartame天冬苯丙二肽酯，l-alfa-天冬酰胺-l-苯丙氨酸甲酯一种增甜剂aspartate天冬氨酸；天冬氨酸盐、酯、根aspartateaminotransferase天冬氨酸转氨酶aspartateprotease天冬氨酸蛋白

19、酶aspartatetranscarbamylase天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶asparticacid天冬氨酸asparticprotease天冬氨酸蛋白酶aspartylhydroxamate天冬氨酸异羟肪酸aspergillin曲霉菌素aspergillus曲霉属aspergillusniger黑曲霉aspertoxin曲霉毒素aspiration吸（出），抽吸aspirin阿司匹林，乙酰水杨酸asporogenousyeast无抱子酵母菌assay分析，测定，试验assembledepitope装酉己型表位assemblin次晶（形成）蛋白骨骼肌的一种微管相关蛋白，可形成次晶assembly装酉

20、己，组装assemblyprotein装酉已蛋白（质）assessment评估，估价assignment排布assignmentofconfiguration构型排布assimilate同化（产）物assimilatingtissue同化组织assimilation同化（作用）assimilatorycoefficient同化商assimilatorypower同化力assimilatoryquotient同化商associatedvirus伴随病毒association缔合，结合；关联，相关associationarea大脑皮层联络区associationconstant缔合常数associ

21、ationenergy缔合能associationneuron联络神经元associationreaction缔合反应assortativemating选型交酉已astacin龙虾肽酶，龙虾素一种含锌的内肽酶astaxanthin变胞藻黄素aster星体asthema哮喘astralfiber星射线，星体丝astralmitosis有星有丝分裂astralray星射线，星体丝astrocenter星心体astrocyte星形细胞astrosphere星体球astrovirus星状病毒asymbioticnitrogenfixation非共生固氮（作用）asymbioticnitrogenfix

22、er非共生固氮生物asymmetric不对称的asymmetricatom不对称原子asymmetriccarbon不对称碳asymmetriccelldivision细胞不对称分裂asymmetriclabeling不对称标记asymmetricpcr不对称pcr引物用量不对称的pcrasymmetricsegregation不对称分离asymmetricsynthesis不对称合成asymmetry不对称asynapsis不联会asynapticgene不联会基因attailingat力口尾atabrine阿的平atavism返祖atelocentricchromosome非端着丝粒染色体

23、atf转录激活因子atherosclerosis粥样硬化athleticphysiology运动生理学atmosphere大气；大气压；气氛atmosphericoxidation空气氧化atompercentexcess超量原子百分数atomicabsorptionspectroscopy原子吸收光谱atomiccoordinate原子坐标atomicemissionspectroscopy原子发射光谱atomicfluorescence原子荧光atomicfluorescencespectroscopy原子荧光光谱法atomicfractionalcoordinate原子份数坐标atomi

24、cmodel原子模型atomicnumber原子序（数）atomicorbital原子轨道atomicradius原子半径atomicspectrum原子光谱atomicstructure原子结构atomicthermalmotion原子热运动atomicweight原子量atopy特应性atpaseatp酶包括ca2+atp酶，h+atp酶，h+k+atp酶,na+k+atp酶等atractyloside苍术昔atranorine黑茶渍素atrialnatriureticfacor心钠素，心房心钠素atrialnatriureticpeptide心房（钠尿）肽，心钠素atriopeptin心

25、钠素（肽段）atrophy萎缩atropine阿托品atropisomer阻转异构体attachedcell贴壁细胞，附着细胞attachedxchromosome并连x染色体attachment吸附，附着，结合attachmentpoint附着点attachmentprotein吸附蛋白，附着蛋白attachmentsite附着位电attenuatedlivevaccine减毒活疫苗attenuatedstrain减毒株一般指毒力减弱的致病微生物，常用于活疫苗生产attenuatedvaccine减毒疫苗attenuation弱化（作用）；减毒（作用）attenuator弱化子，衰减子att

26、ractant引诱剂，吸引剂atypical非典型的audition听觉augerelectron俄歇电子augerelectronspectroscopy俄歇电子能谱（学）augmentation增大，力口重augmentingresponse增大反应auqeoussolution水溶液aureobasidioagglutinin金白蘑菇凝集素aureofungin金色制酶素aureomycin金霉素aurone橙酮，噢喳australiaantigen澳大利亚抗原，澳抗autapse自身突触autarchicgene自效基因authentic真的，真实的，真正的authenticity真实

27、性，可靠性autoalloploid同源异源（倍）体autoallopolyploid同源异源多倍体autoanalysis自动分析autoanalyzer商自动分析仪technicon公司商标autoantigen自身抗原autoautorhythmiccell自律组）胞autobivalent同源二价染色体autocatalysis自催化autocatalyticreplication自催化复制autochaperoning自陪伴（作用）同一蛋白质内的某些肽段（多位于n端）对该蛋白折叠的陪伴作用autoclave高压灭菌器，高压处理器autoclavetape高压灭菌（指示）胶带，高压处理

28、（指示）胶带autoclaving高压（处理），高压（灭菌）autocrine自分泌，自泌autocrineloop自分泌环autodecomposition自分解autodiploid同源二倍体，自体融合二倍体autodiploidization同源二倍化autoduplication自体复制autofertilization自体受精autofolding自折叠autogamy自体受精见于原生动物;自花受精见于植物;自配生殖autogenousregulation自调节autograft自体移植autographaCalifornia苜蓿银纹夜蛾，苜蓿y纹夜蛾，苜蓿尺蟆autographaC

29、aliforniamultiplenuclearpolyhedrosisvirus苜蓿银纹夜蛾多（核壳体）核型多角体病毒autographaCalifornianuclearpolyhedrosisvirus苜蓿专艮纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒autoheteroploid同源异倍体autoheteroploidy同源异倍体autoimmune自身免疫autoimmunedisease自身免疫病autoimmunity自身免疫性autoinjection自动进样autoinoculation自身接种autolimitinginfection自限性感染autologousantigen自身抗原autol

30、ysate自溶物autolysin自溶素，自溶酶autolysis自溶现象autolyticenzyme自溶酶autolyzate自溶物automaticairlock自动气锁automaticanalyser自动分析仪automaticdnasequencerdna自动测序仪automaticdnasynthesizerdna自动合成仪automaticenzymeanalysis自动酶（法）分析automaticmicropipettor自动微量移液器automaticparthenocarpy自发单性结实automaticpeptidesequencer肽自动测序仪automaticpe

31、ptidesynthesizer肽自动合成仪automaticpipetrinser移液器自动清洗仪automaticpipettingdevice自动移液器automaticpipettor自动移液器，自动微量移液器automaticproteinsequencer蛋白质自动测序仪automaticsampler自动进样器automaticsequencer自动测序仪automaticsequencing自动测序automaticsynthesis自动合成自主性体温调节automaticsynthesizer自动合成仪automaticthermoregulationautomatictit

32、ration自动滴定automaticity自动节律性automixis自体融合autonomicnervoussystem自主神经系统autonomicparthenocarpy自发单性结实autonomousintron自主内含子autonomousplasmid自主质粒autonomouslyfoldingunit自动折叠单位autonomouslyreplicatingplasmid自主复制质粒autonomouslyreplicatingsequence自主复制序歹！Jautonomouslyreplicationgvector自主复制载体autoparthenogenesis自发单

33、性生殖autophagicvacuole自（体吞）噬泡autophagosome自（体吞）噬体autophagy自（体吞）噬autophosphorylation自（身）磷酸化autophyte自养植物autopolyhaploid同源多倍单倍体autopolyploid同源多倍体autopolyploidy同源多倍性autoprecipitation自沉淀autoproteolyticcleavage自我蛋白酶解autoradiogram放射自显影图autoradiograph放射自显影图autoradiography放射自显影（术）autoradiographyenhancerspray放

34、射自显影增效喷雾齐autoradiolysis自辐射autoreceptor自身受体autoregulation自调节，自身调节autorhymicity自动节律性，自律性autosampler自动进样器autosomaldominantinheritance常染色体显形遗传autosomalinheritance常染色体遗传autosomalrecessiveinheritance常染色体隐形遗传autosome常染色体autosynapsis同源联会autosyndeticpairing同源配对autoteraploid同源四倍体autotetraploidy同源四倍性autotitrator自动滴定仪autotroph自养生物autotrophicbacteria自养名田菌autotrophicplant自养植物autotrophy自养（作用）autovaccine自身疫苗；自身菌苗autozygote同合子auxanogram生长谱auxanograph生长谱auxanography生长谱法，生长谱测定（法）加不同营养物于不完全培养基平板，根据细胞的生长情况确定其所需营养物auxiliaryprotein辅助蛋白（质）auxilin辅助蛋白一种见于脑组织的网格蛋白相关蛋白auxi