高考英语写作(精编)

1、高三写作指导讲座I、掌握高考英语写作基本技巧英语写作是一种创作性的学习过程。启动知识信息储存，构思立意，谋篇布局，遣词造句，对语言表达的正确性和准确性、思维的逻辑性和文章的条理性都比口语要求更高。 高考英语写作有以下几个特点：紧扣教学大纲对考生书面表达的要求；以有指导的写作为主(guided writing)，便于考生在短时间内构思成文；突出试题的交际性，考查考生在特定的情景中运用语言的能力；增强试题的实用性，所选话题贴近学生学习生活，为学生所熟悉；看图作文主要考查考生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。英语写作注意五要五不要：（写作与翻译指导五要:紧扣题目、理清思路:认真看两遍题目(包括提示),

2、全面了解写作要求.确定体裁、控制字数:不要低于限度字数,也不要超出过多. 适当应用,增色文章:注意句子之间的连接,适当运用过渡、转折、成语、谚语等,使文章生色.扬长避短,发挥特长:写自己熟悉的内容,有把握的语句,可以运用一些文章典范.注意格式,卷面整洁:文章要分段,应用文写作要符合格式要求,注意大小写和标点符号. II、不同体裁作文写作技巧：（佳作欣赏）1记叙文记叙文是叙述某个事件发生经过或某个人经历的文体，可以是作者的亲身经历或他人的个人经历。在写作前应确定主题，注重某个印象深刻的方面或事件的吸引人之初。在叙述中要避免平铺直叙或是报流水帐。记叙文一般以事件发生的时间先后为线索，也可以采用倒叙

3、的手法。时态通常选用现在时或过去时，注意前后时态的一致性。记叙文应考虑的几点:1.包括开头、主体和结尾,有情节发展的过程,可以有冲突、高潮;2.确定人称(多为第一、第三人称);3.包含时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素;4.活动细节详略得当,感想要有真情流露,多用过去时态.A Happy JourneyDuring the Spring Festival holidays, Mother and I had been invited to spend several days at my aunts at Xiamen. As we had some rather heavy lugga

4、ge, we had to go to the station by taxi, and father went to see us off.We bought our tickets and then sat down in the waiting room till it was time for us to leave. As we entered the platform, we had to show our tickets. We got into a carriage, which was not at all crowded, so we were able to find a

5、 good seat by the window. When the train started we said good-bye to each other, and father told us to take care of ourselves.At first I found it very interesting to look out of the window. The train traveled quickly and smoothly along, passing farms and villages, over one or two bridges and through

6、 some tunnels. After an hour or two, however, I began to feel tired of sitting still, although the seats and cushions were comfortable enough and I looked forward to the end of the journey.After a long train ride we reached our destination at last. As soon as we stepped down from the train we saw au

7、nt and two cousins, who had come to meet us on the platform.文章第一段写了这次旅行的缘由。第二段写了买票、上车、与家人告别。第三段写了旅途的所见所闻和感受。结尾一段写了到达目的地，字里行间洋溢着作者的愉快心情。2议论文议论文是以客观事实为依据，论证作者个人的或作者支持的观点，使读者赞同这一观点。因此在写议论文时，首先要提出明确的观点，避免模棱两可、观点不明确。论证过程中要注意论据的充分、阐述清晰、有一定的逻辑性。写提示议论文应考虑的几点:1.文章开头，能依据提示,确立主题句, 阐明观点或看法,论点要鲜明,只能有一个中心论点;2.使用连

8、接词,分层次说明理由,论据要充分、可靠,言之有物,顺理成章;3.归纳总结，首尾呼应,要与引言段呼应,但不要照搬原话.（作文提示：作为高中生，谈谈你对青少年目前学校作业过多、父母照管过多、自己支配时间太少、独立自主太少现象的看法。）Have you noticed that, for us teenagers, life is unbalanced? Both at school and at home, we are torn between too much homework and to little free time. We receive too much protection fr

9、om our parents, yet have too little independence. With all these problems of “too much and too little,” what will happen when we leave school? Shall we be ready to face the world, by relying on our own?Albert Einstein once said that school should always aim at forming young people with harmonious pe

10、rsonalities and that it is most important to develop general ability for independent thinking and judgment. Today, we grow up in a society full of changes and challenges. Clearly we should receive an all-rounded education, not simply learning from books. We know, too, that lack of guidance, care and

11、 love for children are harmful, but too much protection is equally damaging. Just as a healthy child needs balanced nutrition, we high school students need balanced education.We are crying out to our parents, crying out to our teachers, crying out to the public: Please take notice of our worries, an

12、d give us, as well as the generations ahead, a balanced life.作者富有激情，针对当前对学生管束太多放手太少，深有感触而发。文章有主题段、中心段、结论段，脉络清楚。文思涌动，文笔通俗流利，表达自如、紧凑，是一篇佳作。描写文描写文是通过生动详细的描述，把被描述的人物、动物、景物和人的心理活动刻画出来，使读者对被描述的对象有形象化的认识。写作描写文时要注意抓住对象的特点，把最有感染力的部分展现给读者。写作前要先确定文章的主题。描写文应考虑的几点:1.将所要描述的对象给予读者清晰的总体印象;2.补充具体的细节描写,并且言之有物.3提出自己的感

13、想.Our Teacher of EnglishWe have had several teachers of English since we Fagan studying in middle school. All of them have a good knowledge of the language. They all devote themselves to teaching. We are lucky to have so many good teachers.But it seems to me that my present teacher of English, Miss

14、Yang, is the best one we have ever had. She is never tired of helping us in our studies. She patiently answers our questions and looks over our exercises. She has years of experience in teaching English so she knows what our special difficulties are. With her help we have made rapid progress.We are

15、deeply impressed by her wide range of knowledge. She has not only aroused in us the great interest in learning, but also led us to an appreciation of the beauty of English poetry.Although we shall soon graduate from middle school, her fine quality has made a deep impression on us all. We shall alway

16、s remember her.这是一篇描写人物的文章。作者抓住了老师献身教育事业的特征，着力描写她如何教学生学好英语。她广博的知识和她的人品，受到广大学生的尊敬。说明文说明文是具有科学性和逻辑推理性的文体，用来说明事物的性质、组成及个部分之间的关系、用途、原理等。说明文应考虑的几点:1.注意知识的科学性、行文的条理性;2.多用具体详实的材料说明问题;3.语言简洁,条理清楚,讨论集中,不一定面面俱到.The Sun and The EarthThe sun shines on us. It gives us light and heat. It makes everything grow. It

17、 gives the earth life.The earth rotates on its axis. So, we have day and night. Its bright by day and dark by night.The earth also travels round the sun in an orbit. As it travels, we have four seasons. It is hot in summer and cold in winter. The days are long in summer and short in winter. In sprin

18、g it is warm and the days are getting longer. In autumn it is cool and the days are getting shorter. 文章对太阳和地球客观、如实地进行介绍，不含有作者个人的感情色彩。文章目的明确，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练。 III. 写作规范及常用句型的合理运用一、开好头开门见山，直述事实；以使用问题的方式开头；使用谚语开头；使用第一人称开头；通过定义引入主题；通过数据引入主题。二、可选用的开头语：There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of

19、.When asked about, some people say.When it comes to ., some people think.Now it is widely believed.These days we often hear people say.Currently, there is a widespread concern over.Many nations have been faced with the problem of .Now an increasing number of people come to realize that.Nowadays ther

20、e is a growing tendency.10) With the rapid development of.more and more people come to realize.11) According to recent survey / study / research / report,.12) One of the basic questions facing our society today is.三、可选用的承上启下段落发展的句子：My idea / opinion / viewpoint may be expressed as follows:There are

21、several reasons for this growth / decrease / change / increase.Perhaps the most important reason is.It may result in / lead to / bring / create / give rise to a lot of problems.Chances are that.There is no doubt that.四、可选用的结束语:On the whole,.So, based on the above discussion, I agree with the opinion

22、 that.Once you have known all of these, you must agree with me that.We can conclude from the above reasons and examples that.So, after considering all of these, I think you may agree with me that.Given all these points above, I would support the idea that.For all the reasons mentioned above, I would

23、 prefer.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.IV. 不同类型的作文写作一、看图作文1.看懂图片，把图片展示的人物、地点、时间、事件等有机地串联起来，使之成为内容连贯的句子.2.确定短文须用的时态和该用的人称。3.确定体裁（说明文还是记叙文），用简洁的语句描述图片或图表大意。4.根据图片或图表大意发表议论。 二、图表作文The table / chart diagram graph shows that .As is shown in the As can be seen f

24、rom theThe figures / statistics shows that We can see from the .It is apparent from the table / chart / diagram / graph / figures that.The diagram shows / describes / illustrates how三、应用文：以书信、便条、日记、通知、布告等为多见。常见种类的写作要领如下：书信：便条：格式与写信相仿，但较简短，不太正式。可以仍按英文信习惯，日期写在便条右上方和有结束敬语。便条可以不写日期，或仅写钟点。给较熟悉的人可不用Dear称呼

25、，右下方可直接写上名字，不加结束敬语。日记：一般在首行左端写月、日、星期，右端写天气情况。（有时也可以立一个标题）通知：标上Notice字样，在正文下端分行写上告示日期和告示单位。V. 写作中应避免的错误在英语写作中，有一些常见的典型错误常会影响考生得分。其中比较突出的是：一、不一致（Disagreements） 所谓不一致不仅仅指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等。 例 When one have money, he can do what he want to do. 人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。 剖析 one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has

26、 ;同理，want应改为wants本句是典型的主谓不一致。 改为 Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do)二、修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers） 英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子的不同位置，可能会引起句子含义的变化。这一点常被中国学生所忽视，也因而造成了不必要的误解。 例 I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus. 剖析 better位置不当，应置于句末。 改为I believe I can do

27、 it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.三、句子不完整（Sentence Fragments） 在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气等来理解对方意思，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明的情况下。 例:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on. 剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV

28、, radio, newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。 改为 There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper. 四、悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers） 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。 例1 At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 剖析 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my gra

29、ndfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了。 改为 When I was ten, my grandfather died. 例2 To do well in college, good grades are essential. 剖析 句中不定式短语to do well in college的逻辑主语不清楚。 改为 To do well in college, a student needs good grades. 五、词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech) “词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等。 例 N

30、one can negative the importance of money. 剖析 negative 系形容词，误作动词。 改为 None can deny the importance of money. 六、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns) 指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。 例1 Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。 剖析 读完上面这一句话，读者无

31、法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。 改为 Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. 例2 And we can also know the society by serving it yourself. 剖析 句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。 改为 We can also know society by serving it ourselves. 七、不间断句子(Run-on

32、 Sentences) 什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 例 There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析 这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。 改为There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can be

33、come acquainted with the outside world. 八、措词毛病(Troubles in Diction) Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，学生往往随心所欲，拿来就用，所以在汉译英或书面表达中用词不当的错误比比皆是。 例 The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. 农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。 剖析 显然，这是把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasi

34、ng use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。 改为 The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes / leads to pollution. 九、累赘(Redundancy) 好文章都讲究以简洁为贵：写句子没有一个多余的词，写段落没有一个无必要的句子；能用单词的不用词组，能用词组的不用从句或句子。 例 In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 剖析 本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从

35、句，我们可以按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”的原则来加以简化。 改为 In spite of his laziness, I like him. 例2 For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. 剖析 整个句子可以大大简化。 改为 Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. 十、不连贯(Incoherence) 不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上

36、不畅通。这也是比较常见的毛病。 例 The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析 The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。 改为 Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.VI. 灵活运用,增加句子复杂性1.改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词做状语等。原文We met at the school gate and wen

37、t there together early in the morning.修正Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.原文The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.修正Hearing the bad news， the young man couldnt help crying.2.在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句式，要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词状语等。强调句原文My parents prais

38、ed Ah Fu warmly. It had saved my little sister bravely.修正My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister bravely.由what等引导的从句，此处的what相当于中文的“所”，有很大的概括力，如:原文We had to stand there to catch the offender.修正What we had to do was (to) stand there， trying to catch the o

39、ffender.What China has achieved in recent years is known through the world.China is no longer what it used to be.由with或without引导的短语。如:He sat in a chair with a newspaper in the hand.分词短语。如:Satisfied with the result, he decided to go on with a new experiment.倒装句。如:Only in this way can we achieve our g

40、oal.Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.省略句。如:If so， victory will be ours.You can make some changes wherever necessary.对比，这是中文中也常用的方法。如:Failure is not a crime， but failure to learn from failure is.When I play, I feel excited, and after it I feel relaxed.3.通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。原文We had a s

41、hort rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.Some told stories. Some played chess.修正After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.4.学会使用过渡词。如:递进: then(然后)， besides(还有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外)等。转折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the country

42、(相反)， after all(毕竟)等。总结: finally(最后)， at last(最后)， in brief(总之)， in conclusion(最后)等。强调: indeed(确实)， certainly(一定)， surely(确定)， above all(尤其)等。对比: in the same way(同样地)， just as(正如)， on the one handon the other hand(一方面另一方面)等。5.注意使用不同长度的句子。二、对于“较复杂的词汇”，可以从以下几个方面着手。1.注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。如:原文A new ra

43、ilway is being built in my hometown.修正A new railway is under construction in my hometown.2.使用一些很有“洋味”的单词。如:Thank you for sharing the time with us.The way he views the world is very practical.3.避免重复使用某一单词或短语。如:原文I like reading while my brother likes watching television.修正I like reading while my broth

44、er enjoys watching television.以前英语作文评分依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定，但近几年要求“使用较多语法结构和词汇”，因此要想得高分，除了要点和语言准确度以外，还必须在较复杂的句子结构或较高级的词汇上有所表现。句式单一，缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分，相反“有些错误，但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”，给分档次仍在最高档(2125分)。VII. 写作使用率最高的基本句式以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的12个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。1表示原因1）There are

45、three reasons for this2）The reasons for this are as follows3）The reason for this is obvious4）The reason for this is not far to seek5）The reason for this is that6）We have good reason to believe that例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living stan

46、dard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our lifeThere are three reasons for this这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2表示好处1

47、）It has the following advantages2）It does us a lot of good3）It benefits us quite a lot4）It is beneficial to us5）It is of great benefit to us例如：Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great bene

48、fit to us3表示坏处1）It has more disadvantages than advantages2）It does us much harm3）It is harmful to us例如：However，everything divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（

49、necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sbto do sth2）We think it necessary to do sth3）It plays an important role in our life例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say tha

50、t computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age5表示措施1）We should take some effective measures2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties3）We should do our utmost in doing sth4）We should solve the problems that we are confr

51、onted（faced）with例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it6表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications3）The compu

52、ter has brought about many changes in education例如：Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins7表示

53、事实、现状1）We cannot ignore the fact that2）No one can deny the fact that3）There is no denying the fact that4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in5）However，thats not the case例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve these probl

54、ems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment8表示比较1）Compared with A，B2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV3）There is a striking contrast between them例如：Compared with cars，bicycles

55、have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly，they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise9表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）fromto2）The population

56、in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，0003）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased再如：From the gra

57、ph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 200010表示看法1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth2）People have different opinions on this problem3）People take different views of（

58、on）the question4）Some people believe thatOthers argue that例如：People have different attitudes towards failureSome believe that failure leads to successEvery failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavorHowever， others are easily discouraged by failures

59、and put themselves into the category of losers再如：Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。 11表示结论1）In short，it can be said that 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conc

60、lusion that 例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion thatexamination is necessary，however， its method should be improved注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。12套语1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us，3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about4）From the grap