同等学力翻译真题

1、Translation By Zeng Rong大纲中对考生翻译能力进行考察的指导思想如下：1 能在不借助词典的情况下，(考试环境2 把一般性题材的文章及科普文章中的材料类型3 句子或段落. 从英语译成汉语 或 从汉语译成英语，考试题型4 能准确表达原文的意思，语句通顺，用词根本正确，无重大语言错误。(评分标准)5 英译汉的速度为每小时400个英语单词，汉译英的速度为每小时250300个汉字。(时间要求)大纲对翻译局部的具体要求如下：本局部包括：英译汉和汉译英两节，共20分，每节10分。考试时间为30分钟。要求译文意思准确，文字通顺。A节为英译汉。本节设三种题型，每次考试设其中的一种题型。题型

2、一：要求考生翻译5个单句，总长度为80100个英文单词。题型二：要求考生翻译一个段落，段落长度为80100个英文单词。题型三：在一个较长的段落中，有5个带有下划线的句子，要求考生翻译这5个句子。5个句子的总长度为80100个英文单词。B节为汉译英。本节设两种题型，每次考试设其中一种题型。题型一：要求考生翻译5个单句，总长度为100120个汉字。题型二：要求考生翻译一个段落，段落长度为100120个汉字。分析：1、此局部试题符合同等学力英语考试整个试卷的一贯风格：题量大、时间紧。2、此局部为主观题，可以借助多种技巧多得到可能是至关重要的几 翻译局部得分目标 复习策略英译汉：6-8分汉译英：6-8

3、分综合得分：1216分作文局部总分值15，考生至少可以拿到9分；所以千万要合理安排时间，务必保证自己能够写完作文。如此一来，二卷学生最低可以拿到21分，稳稳超过18分的底线要求每周两组翻译训练，可以使用大学英语六级考试的翻译材料六级是只翻译其中的句子，建议大家在练习的时候翻译全文，在训练过程中把注意力放在如何得到目标分数上。翻译的误区 认为翻译就是在考察词汇量，见到陌生词汇就慌张泄气；认为单句容易翻译，过于轻敌；认为段落难译，有畏惧心理。把个别不会翻译的英文单词或汉语词汇直接带入翻译当中：此地无银三百两。翻译答题具体技巧翻译有两个要义：准确性、表达性。其中又以准确性为第一要义。翻译训练的目标分

4、为对应的两个：一、准确；二、通顺。第一个目标：准确把原文的意思翻译准确，是我们在无论是汉译英还是英译汉的翻译题目中得分首要条件。这就要求译者必须谨慎地遵循作者的原意，在选词、造句方面也要如实地表达出原文的思想。第一个目标：表达性，其目的旨在让读者对译文更加容易理解和接受。可以按照语言本身的习惯在不影响准确性的前提下，进行句式、结构上的调整。翻译训练就可以分为三部走：看懂原文、准确翻译、调整通顺 翻译段落 翻译的得分要义可以浓缩为两点：从整体着眼理解、从句子着手翻译。之后的工作重点就是把每一个句子翻译准确，调整通顺。 实现这两个目标的手段极为相似：抓住关键词！对于理解整个段落而言，关键词根本是“

5、名词。找到“出镜率最高的名词，确定段落主题：004年英译汉真题：Another kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used. The fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced on an abstract level. Piec

6、es of fine art may evoke emotional or spiritual responses in us. Those who love the fine arts feel that these response are very valuable, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself. 共86个单词2006年在职硕士翻译真题One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and impr

7、ovement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation; it also involves care of plants, not-only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies

8、 and to raise their young safely. Just as crops are harvested, wildlife too must sometimes be harvested. by allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.有的时候我们找到的是出镜率最高的一类名词，这一类名词也可以帮助我们确定段落主题2005年英译汉真题Progress in communication and

9、 transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.Globalization is not Just about

10、increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, it entails transnational investment and international trade, thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither positive nor negative: It may be

11、 either of them depending on our viewpoint.解析：Communication、transport 、boundary、 international community、 globalization、 worldwide、transnational、world 可以视作一类单词。通过这一类词可以判断出：这篇文章一定是围绕全球化问题展开的。句子着手翻译 在同等学力英语的考试中，如果我们能够做到根本“准确，就可以得到至少60%的分数了。在此根底上，如果再实现句子通畅就完全可以得到80%甚至更高的分数。自2004年同等学力考试中，才开始出现“英译汉的题目，从这

12、几年的真题看来，字数通常在8598之间，大概包括45个句子。因此，长句子比较多。而长句子正式翻译中的难点所在。 主+谓+宾 构成的主干定、状、补构成的血肉准确地抽出句子的主干，并分析清修饰语在句子中的作用，是在长难句的翻译中化繁为简的关键。在翻译单句、对每个句子的结构进行分析的时候，那么要敏锐地找出谓语动词，以及另一些一些关键单词，它们是句子结构的“节点，尤其是在长、难句中，这些单词可以帮助我们相对容易地划分句子结构。这些“节点单词包括： 一、介词：如on, in, with, at, of, to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语。06年英译汉真题划分原那么：介词前后为一个整体，相当于一个名词。

13、One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive.One of the chief concerns of wildlife management：人们对野生动物管理的关注点之一the protection and improvement of the natural habitat： 对它们自然栖息地的保护和改善二、连词连词分

14、为：并列连词和附属连词并列连词如and, or, but, yet, for等，连接着并列句；附属连词如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so that, such. that .等等，连接状语从句这些词可以帮助我们把长句子在合理的地方断开，变成2个或多个短句，便于理清结构，进行翻译。05年英译汉真题The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place w

15、ithout impacting on the International community.22个单词1、主干是：The world is now linked ：如今，整个世界被连接在一起2、to such an extent ：该短语的意思是“到了程度3、到了什么样的程度呢？由that引导出：a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.注意在that引导的从句中仍然包含自己的主干：a local happening cannot take place ：局部事件

16、不可能发生4、without引出后面的条件：impacting on the International community.直译：a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community.就是：不影响国际社会局部事件就不可能发生。5、让句子通顺，符合汉语表达习惯，就成了： 如今，整个世界被连接在一起到了这样的程度局部事件的发生不可能不影响国际社会。 06年英译汉真题One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the pro

17、tection and improvement of the natural habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive.27个单词这显然是一个长句子。根据上面所讲的，找到了“so that这个连词，那么它作为句子的“节点，就把整个长句子分成了两句话：1、One of concerns of is the protection and improvement of the natural habitat.2、animals have enough food and water to survive.这样翻译起来，就

18、不会觉得句子繁琐无从下手了。并且根据汉语的习惯，我们完全可以把这句话翻译成两个短句：1、人们对野生动物管理的关注点之一是如何保护和改善它们的自然栖息地。2、对自然栖息的保护和改善能够为它们提供足以供其生存的食物和水。也可以翻译成：人们对野生动物管理的关注点之一是如何保护和改善它们的自然栖息地，以便这些栖息地能够为野生动物提供足以供其生存的食物和水。 三、关系词：关系词分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词包括：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等；关系副词包括：when在什么时候, where在哪儿, how通过手段, why因为原因等

19、。红色标出为“隐藏的介词作用：关系代词可以连接定语从句，相当于一个形容词，修饰主语、宾语。关系副词可以连接状语从句，相当于副词短语，修饰谓语动词。另外关系代词、关系副词都可以连接名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于一个名词词组，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语。1997年考研真题This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical. In fact it is simply shallow: the conf

20、used centre is right to reject it.划线局部为which引导的名词性从句，作为the view的同位语，告诉读者the view的内容。翻译成：这种“认为从道德上来讲，折磨一只猴子跟砍柴是一样的观点。全句直译：这种“认为从道德上来讲，折磨一只猴子跟砍柴是一样的观点可能显得既大胆又有逻辑，实际上却是再浅薄不过：其混乱的中心思想正好说明它不攻自破。This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logica

21、l. In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it.我们可以调整译文中句子的结构，让它显得不是那么长：这种观点认为：从道德上来讲，折磨一只猴子跟砍柴是一样的，这种想法可能显得既大胆又有逻辑，实际上却是再浅薄不过：其混乱的中心思想正好说明它不攻自破。四、不定式to：不定式常常构成不定式短语作定语或者状语。引导目的状语的时候，可以翻译成：“以 “以便于 “为了 “其目的是2006年真题Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and t

22、o raise their young safely. 目的状语 译文：动物们需要遮蔽物以躲避天敌并能平安地抚育幼仔。2004年真题：Another kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used.区分艺术作品的另一种方法是看创作目的是为了欣赏还是为了使用。五、分词：它们都可以构成分词短语作定语、状语等修饰语。过去分词有可能包含的语法含义：过去时、被动。现在分词有可能包含的语法含义：进行时、

23、主动。1999年考研真题 Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. 由于受到自己的时间和地点限制，每一代历史学家都要重新判断对他们来说过去重要的历史。 把握“节点单词的同时，在分析句子的时候还要把握两个原那么：1. 任何一个不存在并列结构的句子中都只能有一个“真动词，再有其它动词出现的话，一定是在从句里或者是to不定式中，或者是现在分词或者过去分词的形式，一定是附属成分。2.

24、从句也是句子，亦是“主、谓宾齐全。Thosewho love the fine arts feel that these responses are very valuable), 主语 谓语 宾语(for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.分析：这个句子中的动词有：love、feel、are、expand这个句子不存在并列结构，因此主句的谓语动词只有一个。Who 引导的定语从句，主谓宾齐全：Those Who love the fine arts. 那些热爱美术的人们主语 谓语 宾语Feel( 主干句

25、中的“真动词) 感觉到That 引导宾语从句，主谓齐全that these responses are very valuable, 这些反响弥足珍贵 主语 系动词 谓语For 引导一个原因状语从句，主谓宾齐全for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself. 主语 谓语 宾语 因为这些感觉能够使我们对生活本身的丰富多彩有更多的认识。句子分析This intuition that looks matter little may be another instance of our denying real in

26、fluences upon us，for there is now a file drawer full of research studies indicating that appearance is a powerful determinant of initial attraction.This intuition that looks matter little may be another instanceof our denying real influences upon us，for there is now a file drawer full of research st

27、udies indicating that appearance is a powerful determinant of initial attraction.3、定语从句，of短语翻译成汉语后置于所修饰词的前面：例1：This intuition that looks matter little 这种认为外貌并不重要的直觉行为例2：another instanceof our denying real influences upon us， 我们否认对我们真正有影响的事物的又一个例子注意：for there is now a file drawer full of research stu

28、dies indicating that appearance is a powerful determinant of initial attraction.直译：因为这里有说明了外表是最初是否引人注意的重要决定因素的大量的、研究调查结果。此句的直译显然不符合汉语语言习惯，因此要对其汉语结构进行相应调整：因为有大量的调查研究的结果说明，外表是最初是否引人注意的重要决定因素。In America, plans by the government to allow government agencies and intelligence services easy Access to telep

29、hone conversations and electronic mail have caused considerable concern.plans by the government ：由政府做出的to allow government agencies and intelligence services easy Access to telephone conversations and electronic mail这是由to引导出的不定式短语，用来解释plans的内容：译成：允许政府部门和情报机构方便地监听 和电子邮件全句译成：在美国，由政府做出的政府允许政府部门和情报机构方便地

30、监听 和电子邮件的方案引起了相当的不安。落笔翻译时候应遵循的原那么：英译汉：一、定语的翻译原那么：在英语中，除了简单的形容词作修饰语的时候，放置于被修饰词之前外，其它的包括从句、分词、介词短语等都放在被修饰词之后。而汉语中定语一般在所修饰的名词之前。1. Thosewho love the fine arts括号局部为定语从句，放在被限定词those之后翻译过来应该是：那些热爱美术的人2. our awareness of the great richness of life itself.我们对于生活本身的丰富多彩性的认识如果英语的定语从句过于复杂，我们在翻译成汉语的时候，就可以将这个从句独

31、立译成一句话，并将其放在所修饰的名词之后 二、状语的翻译原那么：简短的状语可以放在所修饰的动词前面；复杂的状语从句可以安排在整个句子主干的前面或者后面；The president, in giving to his most powerful and most distinguished rival the greatest place which a president has in his power to bestow, gave an excellent proof of the nobleness of his own spirit.译文：那位总统把自己的权力所能授予的职位，给予了他

32、的最有势力、而又最为卓越的敌手。这便是他的崇高精神的最好证据。原句中状语局部很长，因此按原句结构翻译会使译文很费解。按照句子逻辑意义，将句子从gave处分开，作为两个句子处理，中间加上适当的词联系两句。三、被动句式的翻译原那么：在英语中被动句使用很多，而汉语中主动句那么使用很多，所以翻译的时候可以少用“被字句，用别的词来代替“被字或者转化成主动句等等。 It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and stability after its return to China. 人们普遍

33、认为香港回归后会继续保持繁荣和稳定。总结和归纳：英语中，句子的顺序通常是先主句后从句，而汉语句子那么是恰恰相反，先从句后主句。英语中时间状语一般放在句子后部，而在汉语中通常时间状语应放在句首。因此，我们在做英译汉的题目的时候，就可以采用所谓的“倒译法。We are self-destructive when we envy a student who gets better grades.译文：当我们嫉妒一个成绩更好的学生时，我们正在自我诋毁。规律：英语中，逻辑顺序通常是：结果在先，原因在后；推论在先，条件在后；事实在先，让步在后。汉语那么相反：先因后果，先条件后推论，先让步后转折。因此，翻译

34、时应注意按照汉语习惯调整语序 In August1974，the Institute was instructed to carry on its research on the condition that the result of which did have a usefulness for market forecast.译文：1974年8月研究所接到指示说，如果研究成果能有助于市场预测，那么研究工作可继续进行。原文中有on the condition that引导的条件状语从句，因此将该局部提前。条件状语从句中which指代the research。汉译英1理解原文。2确定语法。3

35、表达地道。 具体技巧 同等学历13年翻译真题By Zeng Rong在我们这个时代，任何人想要在社会上起到所希望起的作用，必须接受必要的教育。随着科学的进步，在中小学开设了越来越多的课程。与过去的教育相比，现代教育更重视实用性。(1994年真题)In our times，anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary educationWith the development of science，more courses are offered in pri

36、mary schools and middle schoolsCompared with the old education，modem education places its stress on practicality当前最重要的任务是开展国民经济、提高人民生活水平。为了实现这一目标，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，以便进一步解放生产力。我们应当向世界敞开大门，以便学习其他国家先进的科学和技术。只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建设成强大的社会主义国家。(1995年真题)At present the most important task is to develop national e

37、conomy, and to improve the living standardsIn order to realize this goal，we must reform the old economic system so as to further free the productivityWe should open our door to the outside world in order to learn the advanced science and technology from other countriesSo long as we adhere to the ref

38、orm and open policy, we will be able to build our country into a strong socialist country在过去的几十年里，可能没有任何话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注，在管理人员的培训和开发方面，领导艺术也是最热闹的话题之一。这说明专业管理人员对探索卓有成效的领导艺术的奥秘很感兴趣。(1996年真题 )Over the past few decades，perhaps no topic has drawn more attention from management researchers than the art

39、of leadershipIt is also one of the hottest topics in the management training and development，which shows that professional management are interested in discovering the secrets to effective leadership亚裔美国人对美国作出了杰出的奉献,这些奉献包括诸如自然科学、医学、法律、文学、艺术等各个领域，由于亚裔移民的祖籍国家具有丰富多样的传统，他们大大促进了美国文化的开展，提高了全美国人民的生活水平。(199

40、7年真题) Americans of Asian descent have made outstanding contributions to the United SatesThese contributions cover various fields such as natural science，medicine，law，literature，art etcAs the native countries of Asian immigrants have rich and colorful traditions，they have greatly promoted the America

41、n culture，and improved the living standards of the whole America环境科学家们说,如果要使地球继续供养人类生存，保护野生生物是极为重要的。这些专家说我们必须明白在我们的这个环境供养系统中，我们自己与野生动植物之间的重要联系。他们指出，没有人有把握地知道这些动植物中的哪一种将来可能对我们有用。(1998年真题 )The environmentalists said that if we wanted the earth to continue to support the human beings，it is extremely im

42、portant to protect the wild lifeThese experts went on to say that we must understand the important relations between the human beings and wild animals and plants in our environmental supporting systemThey pointed out that nobody knows for sure which kind of animal or plant would be useful for us in

43、the future 别人吸烟，你吸入，确实会对你的肺有危害。据美国“肺协估计，每年约有3000名死于肺癌的人被动吸烟者。有一项调查发现，不吸烟的妇女，如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间，那么就有加倍患肺癌的危险。(1999年真题 )It surely does harm to your lungs if other people smoke and you breathe it inAccording to the anticipation of American Lung Association，each year about 3，000 people who die of lu

44、ng cancer are passive smokersAn investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung Cancer文化是不同国家的人们互相理解的最正确媒体。通过举办文化节，许多中国城市在世界上的知名度提高了。已经证明，对促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民之前的交流来说，这是最好的途径之一。这种交流不仅仅限于文化方. (2000年

45、真题)Culture is the best medium for different people of different countries to understand each other Through holding cultural festivals，many cities in China have become better known to the world. It has been proved that this is one of the best ways to promote the exchange between the Chinese people an

46、d people from other parts of the worldThe exchange has not only been confined to culture but extended to the economic and other fields过去50年其实并不是创造创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1950年，改变人类生活的创造有汽车、飞机、 、收音机、电视机当然还有核武器和计算机。而近50年来，只有为数不多的创造。难道创造的源泉已经枯竭了吗？答案并非如此。事实上，创造的新时代刚刚开始。(2001年真题 )Actually the last fifty years was

47、 not the golden age of invention and innovationFrom l900 to 1950, human life was transformed by such inventions as cars，airplanes，telephones，radios and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and the computer of courseIn the recent 50 years since only a few inventions have been madeHas the w

48、ellspring of invention been drying up? Not likelyIndeed，a new age of invention is just beginning 在过去20年中,世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸开展速度像中国那么快。日本用了20多年时间才将其外贸总额翻了一番，而中国却翻了两番。中国现在已是全球第三大电器生产国，并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。中国还是世界上劳动密集型labor-intensive产品的主要生产国。(2002年真题 )Over the past 20 years，no country in the world has expanded

49、 its foreign trade as fast as ChinaJapan spent twenty years in doubling its total foreign trade，while China spent the same amount of time in increasing its foreign trade by three timesChina has become the third largest producer of electric appliances in the world，and has played a main role in the in

50、ternational market of electric appliancesChina has become a major producer of labor-intensive products in the world 为了成功举办2021年奥运会，北京方案投人230亿美元用于根底设施建设。据说一些外国公司已经注意到了这些商机。美国的一些公司打算在电信和信息技术方面提供产品和效劳。英国的一些公司也正在围绕北京奥运会寻求商机，他们试图找到自己有优势的领域，如不污染环境的建筑技术等。(2003年真题 )In order to hold the 2021 0lympic Games su

51、ccessfully, Beijing plans to invest 23 billion US dollars in the construction of basic facilitiesIt is reported that some foreign companies have noticed these business opportunitiesSome American companies plan to provide products and service in the areas of telecommunication and information technolo

52、gySome British companies are also seeking business opportunities from Beijing Olympic GamesThey are trying to find the areas where UK has advantages，such as the architectural technology which will not pollute the environmentSection AAnother kind of distinction that can be made among works of art is

53、whether they were intended as objects to be looked at or to be used. The fine arts, such as painting and sculpture, involve the production of works to be seen and experienced on an abstract level. Pieces of fine art may evoke emotional or spiritual responses in us. Those who love the fine arts feel

54、that these response are very valuable, for they expand our awareness of the great richness of life itself.(2004年真题 )区分艺术作品的另一种方法是看创作目的是为了欣赏还是为了实用。好的艺术品，如绘画和雕塑，它们的创作涉及在抽象层面上欣赏和体验功能。美术作品会在我们心中激起情感或精神方面的共鸣。热爱艺术的人认为这种感受很珍贵，因为这种感受增强了我们对丰富多彩的生活的本质的认识。Section B在17和18世纪，中国的艺术、建筑学以及哲学，在西方很受欣赏。除此之外，中国的丝绸、茶和瓷器

55、porcelain在西方也备受欢送，并在一定程度上改变了许多西方人的生活方式。进入20世纪后期，西方人再一次转向中国文化。他们除了喜爱中国菜肴外，还学习汉语，尝试中医药，观看功夫电影。In the l7th and l 8th centuriesChinese artarchitecture and philosophy were very much admired in the WestIn addition，Chinese silk，tea dn porcelain were in great demand and transformed to a certain extent many

56、peoples way of life in the WestSince the late 20th century, people of the West have turned again to Chinese cultureApart from their love of Chinese foodthey are learning the Chinese language，trying Chinese medicine，practicing Chinese martial arts，and watching Chinese Kongfu films 第一局部 英译汉(2005年真题 )P

57、rogress in communication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the International community. Glo

58、balization is not Just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, It entails transnational investment and international trade, thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself is neither pos

59、itive nor negative: It may be either of them depending on our viewpoint. 20世纪交通和运输方面取得的成就使得我们能够克服地理界限,彻底改革我们的生活方式。现在，整个世界被连接在一起到了这样的程度局部事件的发生不可能不影响国际社会。全球化不只是在增进全世界信息与思想的交流。从经济学的角度来说，它促进了跨国投资以及国际贸易的开展，从而把所有的国家连接成一个巨大的市场。在文化方面，全球化本身既不积极，也不消极它可能是其中的任何一种，这取决于我们的观点。第二局部 汉译英随着我国社会经济的迅猛开展、人民生活水平的提高和医疗卫生事业的改善,我国老年人口明显增多。不少人对此忧心忡忡,但有识之士指出,我们不仅要看到人口老龄化所带来的巨大压力,也要看到人口老龄化背后所蕴涵的商机以及老年人丰富的智力、经验等资源,要将压力变为机遇。With the rapid development of our societys economy, the enhancement of peoples living standard and the improvement of medical treatment, the number of old people in our country has increased grea