《企业国际化经营》PPT课件

1、The main spirit of western culture1整理pptFour core periods1.The sprit of Greece2.Mid-century -the Christian spirit3.The Renaissance and the enlightenment4. The modern period 2整理ppt1.The sprit of GreeceDemocratic spiritLegal spiritScientific spiritSpirit of freedom3整理ppt2.the Christian spiritThe spiri

2、t of loveThe crime awareness and savenessThe asceticism(禁欲)4整理ppt3.The Renaissance and enlightenmentHumanismIndividualismNew christianity spiritScientific spirit5整理pptSpecial topic 1The main ideological scholars（思想家） in the enlighten time6整理pptVoltaire (伏尔泰）Attack the God church; Advocates the const

3、itutional monarchy system; Advocates the talent human rights, the free equalityThe law should take the human nature as the starting point.In front of the law everybody equality7整理pptMontesquieu（孟德斯鸠）Proposes the separation of powers theory; Advocates the constitutional monarchy systemThe law is rati

4、onal manifests8整理pptRousseau“the social contract theory” “the talent human rights“the peoples sovereignty”（人权）9整理pptCondeThe core is a rationality; The sovereignty belongs to the people; both freedom and autonomy is necessary Freedom and equality should be constrained by law10整理pptScientific spirit

5、Pursuing realityConquering nature Empiricism（经验主义） and rationalism11整理pptModern western spiritThe spirit of freedomDemocratic spirit and legal spirit Empiricism and rationalism creative spirit12整理pptThe development of Chinese ConfucianismThe primitive Confucianism in early Qing Dynasty The Confucian

6、 in both Han Dynasty The Confucian school of idealist philosophy of Song and Ming Dynasty13整理pptThe primitive Confucianism in early Qing Dynasty To constrain oneself and recover the rite14整理ppt The Confucian in both Han Dynasty To get rid ofall schools butConfucian .15整理pptThe Confucian school of id

7、ealist philosophy of Song and Ming DynastyTo depress personal wants and enhance sky regulation.16整理pptThe development of Taoist schoolThe Huang and Lao Thoughts of Qing DynastyThe Taoist thought of Han DynastyMetaphysics in Wei and Jin DynastyTaoist school after Sui and Tang Dynasty 17整理ppt18整理pptTh

8、e development of Chinese BuddhistDamon founderHongren the fifth forbearHuineng and Shenxiu19整理ppt千万里我追寻着你，可是你却并不在意你不像是在我梦里在梦里你是我的唯一问我到底爱不爱你问自己是否离得开你我已经变得不再是我可是你却依然是你20整理pptYou and me You and me from the world we are dream a thousand miles meeting in BeiJing come together share the joy of life.21整理pp

9、tTHE DEVELOPMENT OF ICM1.The theory of ICM2. The definition of ICM（what）3.The new trend of ICM（）4.The triggers of ICM（)22整理ppt（一）罗宾森六阶段理论经营范围 公司导向 国际活动类型 组织结构 启始阶段 主要面向国内，开始小规模出口 国内 商品、劳务贸易 传统国内结构 出口阶段 出口规模扩大 国内、国外 商品、劳务贸易 国际部门 国际经营阶段 出口进一步扩大，成为主要业务活动 国内、国外 贸易，参股形式的国外投资 国际部门 多国经营阶段 主要面向国外市场 国内、国外 贸易

10、、国外投资 母公司领导下的多个子公司结 跨国经营阶段 国外市场 国外 贸易、国外投资 母公司领导下的多个子公司结 超国际阶段 全球市场全球贸易、国外投资 国籍淡化，全球经营 23整理ppt（二）网络理论在国际化的初始阶段，企业经营以国内市场为主，但有意识地寻求向外发展的机会，与行业内有实力的企业进行合作。在海外市场的积极卷入阶段，企业借助于合作伙伴的渠道，海外业务占公司企业的比重上升，利用已有的商业网络，建立起稳定的海外经营渠道，并投入资源扩大公司的海外经营网络。在国际化成熟阶段，企业的商业网络向深度和广度扩展，企业在全球范围内建立研究与开发、制造和销售网络，并开展多种形式的直接投资。 24整

11、理ppt（三）国际化四要素模型核心观点：企业国际化速度和程度取决于企业内部资源以及企业外部市场两个方面综合作用的结果 市场知识 企业内部资源因素 生产要素的数量企业国际化的渐进发展 市场规模 企业外部环境因素 市场结构25整理ppt4亿英镑中化英国中化集团正在与英国油气公司Gulfsands Petroleum Plc洽谈收购事宜，最高出价4亿英镑(6.514亿美元)。 Gulfsands与中化集团正在并购的Emerald Energy为叙利亚东Khurbet油田的合资伙伴。如果对Gulfsands的并购成功，中化集团将拥有东Khurbet油田的全部权益。140亿美元到200亿美元中石油伊拉克

12、中国石油天然气集团公司和英国石油公司(BP)周二与伊拉克正式达成了自2003年海湾战争以来的第一项重大石油交易1.62亿澳元鞍钢澳大利亚2008年11月时，鞍钢宣布拟斥资1.62亿澳元，以0.85澳元/股的价格认购金达必新发行的1.9亿股股票。这项议案在今年或金达必公司股东大会以及FIRB的批准。加上之前购买的股票，鞍钢集团完成认购后将合计持有金达必36.28%的股权，从而跃居其第一大股东。26整理ppt13.86亿美元五矿澳大利亚6月11日，中国五矿集团公司宣布，经OZMinerals公司年度股东大会投票通过，中国五矿100收购OZMinerals公司主要资产的交易获得成功。此次交易将有效增

13、加我国锌、铜、铅等主要有色金属矿产资源的储备。苏宁日本6月24日，苏宁电器宣布认购LAOX定向增发股份，持有LAOX公司27.36%的股权，成为其第一大股东，正式入主这一有近八十年历史的日本老字号电器连锁企业。 上海中服意大利上海中服进出口有限公司与皮尔卡丹公司中国地区代表在上海宣布，上海中服整体收购皮尔卡丹大中国区（包括大陆和港澳台地区）商标所有权。20亿美元吉利汽车瑞典有媒体称，吉利汽车可能20亿美元收购福特旗下沃尔沃。900万美元中色国际英国中色集团旗下的中色国际与英国恰拉特黄金公司签署协议以收购后者19.9%的股份，交易金额900万美元。 27整理ppt跨国经营跨国经营是指企业积极参与

14、国际分工，由国内企业发展成为跨国公司的过程。它包括：内向型和外向型视角，内向跨国经营是其外向跨国经营的基础和条件。内向跨国经营是指以母国为基础，采取进口、作为许可证交易的受约人、在母国与外国公司建立合资企业、成立国外企业全资的子公司（或被国外企业并购）等方式参与国际竞争。外向是指以东道国为导向，通过出口、向外国公司发放许可证、在国外与外国企业建立合资企业或建立与收购外国企业等方式参与全球竞争。28整理ppt特征29整理ppt一、跨国公司发展的新趋势30整理ppt一、跨国公司发展的新趋势企业兼并仍是跨国公司扩大规模、提高竞争力的重要途径；跨国公司的研究与开发合作更趋国际化；跨国公司对发展中国家的

15、直接投资将进一步加强；20世纪70年代以前，跨国公司的对外投资主要在发达国家间进行，80年代后，发展中国逐步成为跨国公司的投资热点；跨国联盟将成为跨国公司发展的新趋势，并表现为：从产品联盟发展为以技术合作为主的知识联盟；从强弱联合的互补型联盟发展为强强合作的竞争型联盟等。TCL将越南作为其国际化的第一块滩头阵地，掌门人李东生率领彩电业务血战18个月，亏损18个亿。2002年，首先收购了1999年具有113年历史的德国施奈德家电生产厂，结果是欧美战场首战失利，施奈德一直处于亏损状态；2004年李东生踌躇满志地收购了大名鼎鼎的汤姆逊，结果还是亏损；9个月之后，不解恨的李东生又将阿尔卡特手机纳入囊中

16、，与阿尔卡特集团成立T&A合资公司，果更是尴尬，合资公司一度处于混乱和失控状态，后来TCL只好咬咬牙，将阿尔卡特手机业务全盘收购，结果仍旧是亏损。这一系列令人眼花缭乱的收购32整理pptDrivers of GlobalizationWhat drives Globalization?A Technological TriggersB Institutional Triggers33整理ppt1. Globalization of Economic Activities1.1 Motives for Firms to go InternationalWhat motivates compani

17、es to expand their operations internationally?Proactive Motivesfirm-initiated strategic changeReactive Motivesfirms response and adoption to changes imposed by outside environment Profit advantage Competitive pressures Unique products Overproduction Technological advantage Declining domestic sales E

18、xclusive information (Ongoing!) Excess capacity Managerial commitment Saturated domestic markets Tax benefit Proximity to customers and ports Economies of scale(according to Czinkota et al. 2000, p. 368)34整理ppt1. Globalization of Economic Activities1.2.2 Drivers of Globalization: Institutional Chang

19、e ad A. Technological Triggers Transport goods raw material humans Information and Communication Technology information know-how monitoring control35整理ppt1. Globalization of Economic Activities1.2.2 Drivers of Globalization: Institutional ChangeHill, C. W. L. (2000): International Business, 3thd ed.

20、, Boston et al. ad B. Institutional Triggers Legal changes e. g. declining trade and investment barriers - less protectionism (tariffs, subsidies, regulations or quotas), because of WTO, ETC - less capital restrictions Political changes revolutions, new governments, wars . Consumer tastes changing p

21、references and tastes; growing acceptance of standardized - consumer electronic goods, - automobiles, - computers, - calculators growing individualization“36整理pptmarketStrategic capitalefficiencyNatural resourcesPress of industry environmentregulationAll company 32.722.69.8Household appl

22、iance53.360.046.7-46.7-IT58.835.341.2-37整理ppt国家优势能力产品类型要素资源美国系统构思能力模块产品科学 品牌欧洲表现能力磨合产品设计品牌日本统合能力磨合产品操作韩国集中能力模块产品资本密集中国号召能力模块产品劳动密集38整理pptThe environment of international management39整理ppt2004年9月16日晚上，华商陈九松的集装箱货柜刚运达埃尔切中国鞋城准备卸货时，400多名正在中国鞋城游行示威的西班牙人一拥而上，推倒集装箱并浇上了早已准备好的汽油。陈九松的16个货柜和仓库，在这场大火中被烧毁。据他事后清点，

23、损失近100万欧元。40整理ppt41整理ppt42整理ppt2001年8月至2002年1月，温州东艺鞋业等中国鞋商在俄罗斯遭查扣，损失约3亿元。2003年冬，20多家温州鞋企的鞋类产品在意大利罗马被焚烧，损失不详。2004年1月8日，尼日利亚政府发布“禁止进口商品名单”，温州鞋名列其中。2004年2月，莫斯科“艾米拉”大市场华商货物被查抄，包括温州商人在内的中国商人损失约3000万美元。43整理pptquestionsWhat kind of environment in which your company exists?What kinds of advantages and disad

24、vantages that the environment would bring?How to overcome the disadvantages and make use of disadvantages ?44整理ppt文化社会有机无机夸克粒子原子分子聚集态行星系恒星系星云系总星系生物大分子细胞器组织器官系统个体群体生态系生物圈家庭国家社会组织国际组织符号语言知识科学组织水平 微观 常观 宇观 空间细胞45整理ppt机体生理系统器官组织细胞细胞器核酸 DNA分子生 物大分子蛋白质有机系统的发展46整理ppt家庭社会组织国家国际组织社会系统的发展47整理ppt48整理ppt49整理ppt

25、50整理ppt51整理ppt52整理ppt53整理ppt54整理ppt55整理ppt56整理ppt57整理ppt科学发展观，第一要义是发展，核心是以人为本。一切障碍发展的思想观念都要坚决冲破，一切束缚发展的做法规定都要坚决改变，一切影响发展的体制弊端都要坚决革除。发展是硬道理有关于宇宙发展法则的两种见解，一种是形而上学的见解，一种的辩证法的见解。58整理pptThe risk of political elementsTo confiscate（充公） property of the enterprises to host country To be forced to sale at ver

26、y low priceTo be treated with prejudiced attitude different from host enterprises.The barriers for setting back profit and investment.59整理pptThe infringement（违反） of intellectual rightThe interference for management decision.The bribery of government.The terrorism 60整理pptThe evaluation for political

27、riskThe references from experts and consulting companies.The cultivation for internal employment and development of internal management.61整理pptThe management of political riskThe share of profitsThe participant of management.Business localizableThe development of assistance The dominance of inputThe

28、 dominance of marketThe dominance of positionThe strategy of phase contributionPolitical risk insurance62整理pptThe risks of economic elementsTerms of trade Exchange rateInterest rateForeign investment policyCurrency policy and fiscal and political policyPrice riskEconomic bubble riskEconomic period f

29、luctuation riskFinancial crisis riskCapital flee risk63整理ppt年我国增长及未来可能的趋势84年89年99年92年07年16年64整理ppt美国增长率统计图65整理pptManagement of economic risksTo strengthen cooperation with international finance supervision institutions.To set and complete prior-warning index system for finance crisis.To adopt financ

30、e measurements to amending loss of exchange rate fluctuation .66整理pptthe elements of technological risk The levels of technology.The availability of local technologyThe technological demand of the nationsThe applicability of technology.The transportation of technologyThe fundamental facilitiesThe en

31、vironmenntal protection.67整理pptTechnological risksThe development of technology in goal country.The change frequency of technology in goal country.The extension of technology.68整理pptThe management of technologcal risksTo choose the suitable countriesTo choose the suitable opportunity To improve core

32、 technology.69整理pptThe elements of legal environmentLegal systemCurrent international lawsTrade protection lawsTariff lawsContract lawsThe protection for possessions70整理pptThe management of legal risksRefering to connective expertsCollecting evidence ahead of disputationComplete all related legal do

33、cuments.Deal with every document carefully and legally.71整理ppt从温州烧鞋案得出的结论走向海外，考验营销智慧建立预警机制与网络侧面迂回从销售导向到品牌导向72整理pptThe microenvironmentcompetitorsbarriers for entersupplierssubstitutecustomers73整理pptThe barriers for enteringEconomic of scaleThe degree of differentiationThe transformation costThe barr

34、iers of technologyThe domination of sales channelsPolicy and laws74整理pptThe substitutePerformance and price ratioTransformation costThe desire for substitute75整理ppt76整理ppt由于工人罢工问题，本田在中国的所有组装厂被迫暂停生产。报道称，劳资双方谈判在本周一破裂，受零部件工厂工人罢工影响，本田增城和黄埔的组装厂已经从周一晚班开始停产，本田武汉组装厂则从周三晚班开始停产。77整理pptThe negotiation capabili

35、ty of suppliers and customersThe degree of industrial concentrationThe degree of integration backwardTransformation costThe degree of differentiation The sensitivity of price78整理ppt The competitorsThe demand and fluctuation of marketThe degree of industrial concentrationCost structure The industrial

36、 differentiation and transformation costThe barriers of withdrawal79整理pptInternal enterprises environmentProduction riskResponsibility riskR&D riskReputation riskBehavior riskHR riskTransaction risk finance risk80整理pptProduction riskCareful plan and explicit requestOrganizing all elements efficientl

37、y.Procedure managementInformation management81整理pptResponsibility risk82整理pptR&D riskThe suitability with strategyMarketization riskTransformation cost and industrializationThe uncertainty of enterprises83整理pptReputation riskHow to avoid reputation risk:Methods and channelsTo make investment by ones

38、elf To turn to professional companiesTo turn to connective company to turn to trade and industry association 84整理pptBulk commodity set out seperatelyReject unfair requestL /C85整理pptBehavior risk86整理pptHR risk87整理pptTransaction riskTo choose beneficial currencyAdjust receipt time of foreign exchange

39、To use finance tools88整理pptFinance risk89整理ppt Fire Flooding Earthquake Volcano Disease Strike Insurrection Terrorism WarForce Majeure EventsPoliticalRisks Corruption Legal/regulatory -irregularities License/Permit Concession Taxes Equity-holding Currency -inconvertibility Expatriation Preemption/pr

40、iority Breach of contract Foreign worker limitation Law enforcement Construction Facility site Equipment Technology Off-take Input Operation Utility Collateral Mineral reserves Reporting accuracyContractual RisksCommercialRisksCreepingExpropriationOutrightExpropriationNaturalDisaster Expropriation C

41、onfiscation NationalizationWar & Civil DisturbancesFinancialRisksMarketRisksCivilMovements Environment Human rights CSR Religion Nationalism Globalization Interest rate Exchange rate Inflation rate Labor cost Product market Input market Salvage costProject Finance Credit Risks Overview90整理ppt 火灾 水灾

42、地震 火山 疾病 罢工 暴动 恐怖活动 战争不可抗力政治风险 腐败 法律/法规 -不合法 专利权/许可权 特许权 税赋 持股经营 货币-不可转换 派遣 优先购买权/优先权 合同违约 外籍员工限制 执法 建造 场地 设备 技术 生产包销协议 投入 运营 动力 抵押 矿产储量 报告的正确性合同风险商业风险间接征用征用自然灾害 征用 没收 国有化战争及民间干扰金融风险市场风险 利率 汇率 通货膨胀率 人工成本 产品市场 产出市场 回收成本项目融资的信贷风险-概况民间运动 环境 人权 企业社会责任 宗教 民族主义 全球化91整理pptAlternative modes for internationa

43、l market entry92整理ppt 引子：迪斯尼乐园的东京模式和巴黎模式1984年，美国的沃特 迪斯尼集团在美国加州和佛罗里达迪斯尼乐园经营成功的基础上，跨出了跨国经营的第一步：开设东京迪斯尼乐园。由于这是第一次在美国国外开设迪斯尼乐园，经验少，风险大，沃特 迪斯尼集团决定自身不投资产，不参股，采用了向日方技术转让，收取转让费和管理服务费的进入方式，由日方的东方地产公司投资建造和经营东京迪斯尼乐园。结果是一想不到的成功，当年游客就突破了预计的指标，达到1000万人次，游乐支出大3550万美元，比预计数高出1550万美元。人均支出30美元，超过预计数21美元近一半。到1990年时，东京迪

44、斯尼乐园的游客人数已经达到每年1400万人次，超过了美国加州迪斯尼乐园的游客人数。东京迪斯尼乐园的成功。大大增强了沃特 迪斯尼集团对于跨国经营的自信心，决定继续向国外市场努力，再在欧洲开办一个迪斯尼乐园。东京迪斯尼乐园的成功同时也使沃特 迪斯尼集团发现，以技术转让的方式跨国经营虽然风险小，所得的利润也相应有限。除去开办时的咨询费以外，沃特 迪斯尼集团的收入仅仅限于门票收入的10%和园内商品销售额的5%。 93整理ppt于是，在开办第二个国外迪斯尼乐园法国巴黎的欧洲迪斯尼乐园时，采取了股份合资的办法，投资18亿美元，在巴黎郊外开办了占地4800公顷的大型游乐场，又有由于有占49%股权所带来的经营

45、管理上的相当大的控制能力，巴黎迪斯尼乐园的经营却至今为止并不理想。不但巴黎乐园的第一年游客人数大大低于预计，而且人均游乐支出也大大低于预计水平，使得巴黎乐园的当年经营亏损达9亿美元，迫使巴黎乐园关闭了一所附设旅馆，解雇了950名雇员，全面推迟第二线工程项目的开发，巴黎迪斯尼乐园的股票价格从164法郎跌到68法郎，欧洲舆论界戏称欧洲迪斯尼为“欧洲倒霉地”。94整理pptquestion1.What kind of entrance models for Disney cooperation to get much more profit?2.Why?3.How?95整理pptEntrance m

46、odes for international marketTrade modesContract modesInvestment modes96整理pptTrade modeGo-betweens abroadOffices abroadBranches abroad97整理pptadvantagesdisadvantagesLowest investmentTariff and Non-tariff barriersLocation advantage and economy-scaleHigh transportation costExport experiencesMuch time t

47、o get to the local marketHigh flexibilitybeing difficult to monitor98整理pptcontract modeLicensingFranchisingTechnological agreementManagement contractTurnkey projectOEM&ODMInternational sub contract99整理pptadvantagesdisadvantagesBigger control rightHigh risksBeing nearing to local marketBigger pre-inp

48、utLower product costLack of strategic flexibilityHigher suitabilityHigher competition power100整理ppt2022/7/15101 著名的生产纤维板的跨国公司塞拉尼斯公司（英国）(Celanese)在西西里购买了一大片长满桉树的土地，计划在那里建造木浆加工厂，并使用当地的桉树作为原材料。直到工厂建成将要开始生产时，公司才发现这些桉树太小，原料有限，树干不能使用。结果，被迫高价进口纸浆，损失达五千五百万美圆。这一代价昂贵的教训之所以发生，原因是由于公司在购买土地前为了节约成本、减少费用，而没有派专家去考察

49、这些桉树。101整理ppt2022/7/15102 美国一位食品加工商在墨西哥一条河流的三角地带建造了一个菠萝罐头厂，由于菠萝种植园在该河的上游，公司打算用驳船把成熟的菠萝运到罐头厂加工。然而，令人失望的是，在菠萝的收获季节里，河水太浅，无法行船。由于没有其他可行的运输方案，工厂被迫关闭。新设备以极低的价格卖给了墨西哥的一个社区，他们立即把罐头厂搬走。这使该公司付出的代价太大。 102整理pptInvestment modesindividual proprietorship Joint ventureNew founded and merger103整理pptadvantagesdisadv

50、antagesNo barriers for exportAdvanced technology and famous brandNo high transportation costLack of control for technologyLower risks if less investmentRisks for new competitionSave time for run new plantRisks for quality criterionProfit from technologyLack of flexibilities for contract deadline Low

51、er profit repay104整理pptInternational strategy management105整理pptMain contentThe methods of strategic planThe procedure of strategy106整理pptInternational strategy management1.The benefits of strategic plan2.The methods for strategy draft2.1economy oriented2.2politics-oriented2.3quality-oriented2.4 adm

52、inistrative coordination-oriented107整理pptThe procedure of strategy managementGeneral objective and purposeEvaluate opportunity and threatsEvaluate strength and weaknessList all necessary strategy by competitive analysisChose suitable strategy108整理pptEnvironmental scanningDecision for international m

53、arket entryAnalysis for special areaPass unsuitable areaAnalysis for political and economic risksEvaluation for fundamental facilitiesChoice for suitable nations by withdrawing spheres109整理pptAnalysis the investment intention and market potentialChoice for nations Analysis for suitability of local c

54、ulture Society technologyAnalysis for competitionDecision for localization or notEvaluation for entry strategy110整理pptList all partersEntry New scanning111整理pptEvaluate strength and weaknessInternational experiencesCore competitive powerPatent national cultureEnterprises culture112整理pptEntrance mode

55、s for international marketTrade modesContract modesInvestment modes113整理pptTraining for international HRM1.The objective of international HRM1.1For organization *To clear home-oriented opinion * To strengthen communication between mother-companies and branches. *To strengthen efficiency and profits

56、overall.114整理ppt1.2 For individual reasonsCase: Arabian managementThe head of a family LoyaltyTime-valueconflict-avoidance115整理pptThe effective elements for training1 HRM effective elementOrganization enforcementDevelopment of HRMThe welfare of companyEfficiencyLong-time conception2philosophy of com

57、pany116整理pptStimulating and leadingHow to stimulate the employees?NeedsObjectivesValue systemExpectations117整理pptEthnocentric-orientedfirmsKey management positions are filled by parent-country nationalsReasons: Lack of qualified local senior managers Maintain unified corpo- rate culture and tighter

58、control Transfer of firms core competenciesExample:Dutch national financial controllers at Royal Dutch Shell worldwidePolycentric-orientedfirmsHost-country nationals in foreign subsidiaries headquarter with parent-country nationals. Reasons: Reduction of cultural mis- understandings locally in compa

59、rison to expatriates Usually less expensiveExample:Volkswagen AGGeocentric-orientedfirmsBest suited person, regard-less of nationality, is transferred to any appropriate open positionReasons: Most efficient use of HR resources of the firm Building stronger and consistent culture Building of team spi

60、rit and bonds between team membersExample:General Electric Corp.7.2 International Staffing PolicyInternational staffing policiesSource: Dessler, G. (2000), pp. 623 f.7. International HR Management118整理ppt1.Meanings of the work2.satisfactions119整理pptAppraisal1.What is performance: extent of finishing