信息显示技术：01-Outline of display technologies

1、Information Display Technology（信息显示技术）Content of CoursesTeaching ObjectivesDevelopment situations, operation mechanisms, device structures, fabrication processes and driving methods of LCD、PDP、OLED、FED、VFD、LED、projection display、3D display and electronic paper.To understand classification and develo

2、pment trend of display technology.To grasp operation mechanisms, device structures, fabrication processes and driving methods of main display technologies.Information Display TechnologyTeaching Arrangement Information Display TechnologyOutline of display technologyPhotometry and colorimetryTransfer

3、principle of television picturesLiquid crystal displayPlasma display panelOrganic light-emitting displayField emission displayOther display technologiesInformation Display TechnologyReference Book :平板显示技术，人民邮电出版社，2002年11月出版，应根裕Textbook :Authors:Jiun-Haw Lee (李君浩)David N. Liu (刘南洲)Shin-Tson Wu（吴诗聪）Ou

4、tline of display technologiesContents1、Classification of display technologies2、Main technical parameters of display devices3、Comparison of performances and applications between various display devices4、Display device marketDisplay TechnologyEmissive DisplayNonemissive DisplayCathode Ray Tube（CRT）Pla

5、sma Display Panel（PDP）Electroluminance Display（ELD）Organic Light-emitting Display（OLED）Field Emission Display（FED）Vacuum Fluorescent Display（VFD）Light-Emitting Diode （LED）Liquid Crystal Display（LCD）Electrochemical Display（ECD）Electrophoretic Display（EPID）Suspended Particle Display（SPD）Classification

6、 of Display TechnologiesEmissive DisplayElectron Beam Phosphor Excited by Cathode Ray Luminescence：Cathode Ray Tube（CRT，1940s）, Vacuum Fluorescent Display（VFD,1967）, Field Emission Display（FED）Electrical Field Luminescent Center Impacted by Electrons Luminescence：Electroluminance Display（ELD）Electri

7、cal Field Injection of Electric Charges Recombination of Charge Carriers Luminescence ：Light-eimitting Diode（LED，Texas Instruments, 1962）,Organic Small Molecule Film Type Light-emitting Display（OLED, 1987）,Organic Polymer Film Type Light-emitting Display PLED, 1989）.Electrical Field Gas DischargeVac

8、uum Ultraviolet （VUV） Phosphor Excited by VUV Luminescence ：Plasma Display Panel（PDP，D.L.Bitzer, H.G.Slottow,1964）Nonemissive DisplayLight SourceElectrical-optical Modulation Color Filter Luminescence ：Liquid Crystal Display（LCD, RCA, 1968）Classification of Display Technologies FPD NON-FPD: CRTClass

9、ification of Display TechnologiesCRT Display DeviceCRT includes three main parts：（1）Electron gun: to emit electrons and converge them to a thin beam；（2）Deflection System: to make an electron beam scan on fluorescent screen；（3） Fluorescent Screen: to emit light with different luminance according to e

10、nergy of electron beam. Classification of Display TechnologiesPanel Structure of FEDClassification of Display TechnologiesPrinciple of LCDClassification of Display TechnologiesClassification of Display TechnologiesGlassPanel Structure of TFT-LCDPanel Structure of OLEDClassification of Display Techno

11、logiesClassification of Display Technologies FunctionStatic PictureVideo PictureStereo Picture PerformancePhysical parameters（display size，aspect ratio, resolution（definition ）and pixel format)Luminance and colorContrast ratioResponse timeViewing anglePower consumptionLuminous Efficiency Display Spe

12、cifications Display SpecificationsResolution （Definition）TypeResolutionComputerQVGA320240 pixelsVGA640480SVGA800600XGA1024768SXGA12801024UXGA16001200TVTypeDefinitionSDTVVertical： 450 TV lineshorizontal ： 450HDTVVertical ： 720horizontal ： 720 Display SpecificationsStripe typeMosaic typeDelta typeSubp

13、ixel layout of an FPDPixel format Display SpecificationsLuminance Unit:cd/m2. Under an indoor lighting environment, a monitor has a luminance of 200 300 cd/m2. For a large-screen TV, a higher luminance (500 1000 cd/m2) may be needed.Gray Level and Color One can equally divide the stimuli to the eyes

14、 from dark to bright with 2, 4, 8 or more spacings, which is called gray level or gray scale. For example, a display device can display 16 million colors (2828 2816.8 million) when each RGB subpixel is divided into 8 gray scales. Display SpecificationsContrast RatioHigher CR means higher on/off rati

15、o and hence better image quality and higher color saturation. When CR is equal to or less than 1, the human eye cannot distinguish the on and off colors so that the information content of an FPD is lost or distorted.FPD Display SpecificationsResponse Time By switching the pixel from off to on and fr

16、om on to off, and calculating the time required from 10 to 90 % and 90 to 10 % luminance levels, one can obtain rise and fall time, respectively. One may also define the response time from one gray level to another, which is called the gray-to-gray (GTG) response time. If an FPD has a slow response

17、time, one may see blurred images for fast moving objects.Measurement of response time Display SpecificationsViewing AngleOptical characteristics (luminance and colors) may also change at different viewing angles. For Lambertian emitters, such as CRTs, PDPs and FEDs, viewing angle performances are qu

18、ite good. The emission profile of LEDs and OLEDs can be engineered by packaging and layer structure. However, the viewing angle of LCDs is one of the major issues because LC material is birefringent and crossed polarizers are no longer crossed when viewed at oblique angles.Viewing angle in horizonta

19、l directionViewing angle in vertical direction Display SpecificationsPower ConsumptionLuminous EfficacyVFD：10 lm/W， LED：14 lm/W，OLED：15 lm/W，PDP： 1.52 lm/W.Unit：lm/W： luminous flux； P：Power Consumption.Power consumption is a key parameter, especially for mobile displays, as it affects battery life. For displays with wall-plug electrical input, lower power consumption implies lower heat generation, which means heat dissipation is less serious.CRTLCDPDPOLEDFEDVFDELLEDSizemiddlelargelargesmallmiddlesmallsmall（large）Di