2023届高考英语一轮复习学案：名词（素材）

1、名词 学案语法填空常考点1名词的复数(2020浙江7月高考)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.(2020浙江1月高考)For Japan, the numbers (number) are more striking 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.(2019北京高考)No

2、matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities (activity) on Earth Day.(2018浙江11月高考)One study showed that women (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.(2018全国卷

3、)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)(2018浙江6月高考)Making Chinese dishes (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2017全国卷)This trend, whic

4、h was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened

5、 in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017全国卷)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017浙江11月高考)You wouldnt t

6、hink that a few months (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life .(2017浙江6月高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots (carrot) and was about to throw them away.2名词构词法(2020全国卷)The far side of the moo

7、n is of particular interest (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.(2020全国卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.(2020全国卷)Filled with curiosity (curious), th

8、e artist packed his bags and left.(2020新高考全国卷)Historical accuracy (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief (believe) that populations are increasing.(2

9、019全国卷)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.(2019浙江6月高考)Other American studies showed no connection/connections (connect) between uniforms and school performance.(2018全国卷)Thi

10、s switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018全国卷)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a scientist (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. (2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the introduction (in

11、troduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.短文改错常考点1名词的单复数(2020全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.chopstickchopsticks(2020全国卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.vacationsvacation(2020全国卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of ev

12、eryone in our families.familiesfamily(2019全国卷)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.playerplayers(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do.jobjobs(2019全国卷)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different c

13、ity.citycities(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.chickenchickens(2018全国卷)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.sortsorts(2018全国卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom

14、is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” mistakemistakes(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！”“Slow down！” “Turn left！”wordwords2不可数名词(2017全国卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Irmationsinformation3词性误用(201

15、9全国卷)To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net.surprisingsurprise4名词作定语(2018全国卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.FridaysFriday(一)名词的复数变化规则一般名词加 s。如：jobjobs, crowdcrowds以s，x，sh，ch等结尾的名词加es。如：boxboxes, bushbushes以辅音字母y结尾的名词 先变y为i再加es。如：varietyvarieties, citycities以o

16、结尾的名词(1)表示有生命的人或物的名词后加es，如：heroheroes, tomatotomatoes(2)表示无生命的物的名词后加s，如：pianopianos, photophotos以f或fe结尾的名词(1)变f或fe为v再加es的名词有：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half(2)直接加s的有：roof, belief, chief, proof, cliff变内部元音字母的名词(1)“oo”变“ee”的词有：tooth, foot, goose等(2)“a”变“e”的词有：man, woman (例外Germ

17、anGermans)特殊的几个名词mediummedia, bacteriumbacteria, phenomenonphenomena, mousemice, analysisanalyses复合名词的复数(1)有主体名词的，在名词后加s, 如：passersby, lookerson, editorsinchief等(2)无主体名词的，在词尾加s，如：grownups, standbys等(二)名词的构词法后缀例词-ercleancleaner清洁工； reportreporter记者； strangestranger陌生人-orinventinventor发明者； visitvisito

18、r游客； directdirector导演-arlieliar说谎者； begbeggar乞讨者；乞丐-eeemployemployee雇员； interviewinterviewee 参加面试者； traintrainee 接受培训者；实习生-esshosthostess女主人； actactress女演员-ianmusicmusician音乐家； politicspolitician政治家； historyhistorian历史学家-istartartist艺术家； sciencescientist科学家； pianopianist钢琴家-antserveservant仆人； partic

19、ipateparticipant参加者； assistassistant助手；助理；助教(三)不可数名词1常考的不可数名词有：news, information, advice, progress, equipment, fun, furniture等。2常考的抽象名词具体化：success, failure，comfort, danger, surprise, shock, pleasure等。这些词前可以加不定冠词，表示某个具体的人或物。(四)名词作定语名词作定语可以用来修饰另一个名词，表示材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。如：cotton goods棉织品bus driver 公交车

20、司机Beijing University 北京大学evening suit 晚礼服weather forecast 天气预报delivery service 送货服务(一)单句语法填空1(2020济南三模)However, longlasting health effects (effect) are not expected.2(2020济南三模)The Chinese have high requirements (require) for the quality of the tea leaf, the water, the wares (器皿) they use to prepare and serve tea.3This was highly unusual given that the birds normally preferred to observe humans from a distance (distant)4(2020荆州三模)At the end of 2018 BDS started to provide global services.Its expected to greatly im