1_OSPF路由协议实验

1、警示实验报告如有雷同，雷同各方当次实验成绩均以0分计。当次小组成员成绩只计学号、姓名登录在下表中的。在规定时间内未上交实验报告的，不得以其他方式补交，当次成绩按0分计。实验报告文件以PDF格式提交。【实验目的】掌握OSPF协议单区域的配置和使用方法。【实验内容】（1）完成路由器配置实验实例4-3（P155）的“OSPF单区域配置”，回答步骤0、步骤8问题。 在（1）的基础上每台路由器上各加入一台电脑，画出新拓扑，然后：检查任意两个PC之间是否可以Ping通，对一台主机ping其它主机的结果进行截屏。采用#depug ip ospf显示上面OSPF协议的运行情况，观察并保存R1发送和接收的Upd

2、ate 分组（可以改变链路状态来触发），注意其中LSA类型；观察有无、 IP 地址，如有说明这两地址的作用。显示并记录路由器R1数据库的Router LSA，show ip ospf database routershow ip ospf database networkshow ip ospf database database显示并记录邻居状态。show ip ospf neighbor显示并记录R1的所有接口信息#show ip ospf interface 接口名(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)【实验要求】重要信息信息需给出截图，Network LSA

3、， LS数据库信息汇总！显示 router LSA！显示 network LSA！显示OSPF链路状态数据库信息。注意实验步骤的前后对比。【实验记录】（如有实验拓扑请自行画出）（1）完成路由器配置实验实例4-3（P155）的“OSPF单区域配置”，回答步骤0、步骤8问题。实验拓扑图:FO/1 F0/1192.168.1. 0/24VLAN 10g: n寸寸寸.寸. 1- _H _H _H _H p超超超超168.3.22具有32字节的数据:VLAN 10:192. 168. 1. 2VLAN 50:192. 168. 5. 1步骤0：(1)按拓扑图，配置PC1和PC2的IP、掩码、网关，测试它

4、们的连通性。:UsersB403ping 2数据包二ing统计信息C =冬已接收=8,丢失=4 enabl e 14Password:RSR20-l#cOnf 1 g termi nalEnter conf1guration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. l.B-RSR20-l(cOnf 1nterf ace gl gabl tether net0/1RSR20-l(cOnf 1 g-if-GigabitEthernet160.1.1 255. 255. 255. 0l.B-RSR20-l(cOnf 1

5、 g-if-GigabltEthernet 0/l)#no shutdownRSR20-l(cOnf 1 g-if-GigabitEthernet 0/l)#ex-itRSR20-l(conf 1 g)#-interface serlal2/0l.B-RSR20-l(cOnf 1 g-if-serial 2/0)#ip address 192.168. 2.1 255. 255. 255. 0RSR20-l(cOnf 1 g-if-Serial 2/0)#no shutdown l.B-RSR20-l(cOnf 1 g-if-serial步骤3：路由器Router2的基本配置。|lB-RSR2

6、0-2enable 14Password:13-RSR20-2#confi g ter mi nalEnter conf1guration commands, one per line. End with cntl/z.13-RSR20-2(conf 1 g)#-interface gigaO/113-RSR20-2(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/l)#$2.168. 3.1 255. 255. 255. 113-RSR2O-2Cconfig-if-GigabitEthernet O/l)#no shutdown 13-RSR20-2(conf1g-if-Gigabn

7、tEthernet 0/l)#exit 13-RSR20-2(conf1nterface serial2/0 13-RSR20-2(config-if-Serial 2/0)#ip address 192.168. 2. 2 255. 255. 255. 0 lB-RSR20-2(conf1g-lf-seri al 2/0)#no shutdown 13-RSR20-2(conf1g-1f-Seri al步骤4：配置OSPF路由协议。S3550配置OSPF。13-S5750-lCconfig)#router ospf 1S5750-1 (conf 1 g-router#network 192.

8、160. 5. 0 0. 0. 0. 255 areaS5750-1 (conf 1 g-router#network 192.160.1. 0 0. 0. 0. 255 areas 57 50-1 (conf 1 g-router)#end步骤 5： Routerl 配置 OSPF。1B-R5R20-I(contig#router ospt 113-RSR20-l(conf1g-router#network 55 area 013-RSR20-l(conf1g-router#network 55 area 013-R

9、5R20-l(conf1q-router)#*Dec 31 23:31:28: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG： Process 1, Nbr 192.1 68.5.1-GlgabitEtnernet 0/1 from Down to init, Hel1okeceived.*Dec 31 23:31:28: OSPF-5-ADJCHG： Process 1, Nbr -GigabitEthernet 0/1 from Loadlng to Full, LoadlngDone.13-RSR20-l(conf1g-router)#end步骤 6： Router2 配置 OSP

10、F。13-R5R20-2(conf1g-lf-serlal 2/0)#router ospf 113-R5R20-2(conf1g-router)#network 55 area 13-R5R20-2(conf1g-router)#network 55 area 13-R5R20-2(conf1q-router)#end步骤7：查看验证3台路由设备的路由表是否自动学习了其他网段的路由信息，请注意O项。交换机:codes: C - connectedH S - static, R - RIP, E - BGP0 - OE

11、PFt IA - ospf inter ar是日N1 - ospf nssa external type 1, N2 - ospf nesa external type 2El - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2i - I5-IS, 5U - L5-I5 summary, Ll - 15-15 level-1, L2 - 15-15 level-2 ia - 15-15 inter area, * - candidate defaultGateway of last resort 扫 no s c 192106-1-0/24 1s

12、 directly connecied, vlan L0 C 192.16B.1.2/32 1g local ho&l.192.16a.2.a/24 皿，国q_O_/24 152.16B.5.0/24 192.16S.5.1/32via 192.16S.1.L, 00：02：17, 110/52 via igj.lcs.l.l, 00:00:30. is directly connected, VLAN 50 is local host.VLAhl ioVLAhl 10分析路由表，表中有O条目吗？是怎么产生的？【分析】表中有O条目，交换机通过对它配置OSPF协议学习到从VLAN10，通过下一跳

13、为可以到达环回地址为/24的主机（Routerl），再到达/24的主机 （Router2）。Routerl：1B-RSR20-L#show ip routecodes: c 一 connected, s 一 statlc, R 一 rip, B 一 bgp o - ospf, IA - ospf inter areaN1 - ospf N55A external type 1, N2 - ospf nssa external type 2El 一 ospf external type 1, E2 - ospf external

14、type 2i - is-is, su - is-is summary, Ll - 15-is level-1, L2 - is-is level-21 a - is-is inter area, * 一 candldate defaultGateway of 1ast resort G /24 is C /32 is C 192.168.2.Q/24 is C /32 is1s no setdirectly connected, GigabltEther net 0/11ocal host.directly connected

15、, Seri al 2/01ocal host.O /24 110/51 via , 00:00:58, Serial 2/0O 192.168.5.Q/24 110/2 via , 00:02:47, GigabitEthernet 0/1 13-RSR20-L#|分析路由表，表中有O条目吗？是怎么产生的？【分析】表中有O条目 Router1通过对它配置OSPF协议学习到从Serial 2/0，通过下一跳为 可以到达环回地址为/24的主机（Router2），通过下一跳为192.168

16、.1.2再到达 /24 的主机。量申山火孽Router2：计算机网络实验报告R5R20-2#show ip routecodes: c 一 connected, s 一 stati c, R 一 rip, B 一 bgp o - ospf, ia - ospf 1nter area N1 - ospf nssa external type 1, N2 - ospf nssa external type 2 El - ospf external type 1, E2 - ospf external type 2 i - is-is, su - is-is summary,

17、Ll - is-is 1 evel-1, L2 - is-is level-2 1 a - is-is 1nter area, * - candldate defaultGateway of 1ast resort 1s no set0192.16B.1.0/24 11D/51 via , 00:00:20, Serial 2/0C 192.16B.2.0/24 is directly connected, 5erial 2/0C 192.16B.2.2/32 Is local host.C 192.16B.3.0/24 is directly connected, Gi

18、gabltEthernet 0/1C 192.16B.B.1/32 is 1ocal host.O /24 110/52 via , 00:00:20, Serial 2/0RSR20-2#!分析路由表，表中有O条目吗？是怎么产生的？【分析】表中有O条目，Router2通过对它配置OSPF协议学习到从Serial 2/0，通过下一跳为 可以到达环回地址为/24的网段，从Serial 2/0通过下一跳为再到达 /24 的网段。步骤8：测试网络的连通性。（1）将此时路

19、由表与步骤0的路由表比较，有什么结论？答：步骤0中的路由表为空，因为此时还没有对路由器进行配置。而此时的路由表出现了也” 条目和“O条目”，“C”条目显示了网络设备直连的网段和端口地址，而“O”条目 表示设备的直 连网段运用OSPF协议建立起了基于OSPF协议原理的路由转发路径。（2）执行命令 tracert PC1 （或 PC2）。PC1 tracert PC2，完成跟踪：（3）启动Wireshark，测试连通性，抓取数据包，数据包走向与tracert的一致吗?抓包：3.12719200 192.168. 3. 223.12726800 192.168. 5.114. 25169200 19

20、2.168. 5.1112NBNSNBNSNBNS92 Name query NBSTAT *253 Name query response NBSTAT92 Name query NBSTAT *20 7.27081200 192.168. 5.11192.168. 5.1NBNS92 Name query NBSTAT *217.27168000 192.168. 5.1192.168. 5.11ICMP120 Destination unreachable (port unreachable)222310.6632450

21、192.168. 5.1110.9999480 192.168. 5.16224.0.0. 5TCP OSPF66 2225-80 SYN Seq=O Wln=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=4 SACK_PERM=178 Hello Packet24IL 2892480 L92.168. 5. LI2ICMP106 Echo (ping) request id=0 x0001, seq=32/8192, ttl=2 (no response found!)12511. 2900250 1

22、ICMP134 Time-to-live exceeded (Time to live exceeded in transit)2611.2904280 192.168. 5.112ICMP106 Echo (ping) request id=0 x0001, seq=33/8448, Ttl=2 (no response found!)2?11. 2907990 1ICMP134 Time-to-live exceeded (Time to live exceeded in transit)2811.2911350192.16

23、8. 5.112ICMP106 Echo (ping) request id=0 x0001, seq=34/8704, ttl=2 (no response found!)11. 2915570 1ICMP134 Time-to-live exceeded (Time to live exceeded in transit)19 4.25256100 192.168. 5.11ICMP!0 Destinaiion unreachable (Port unreachable)30 IL 2924220 L9

24、2.168. 5. LINBNS92 Name query NBSTAT *31 11. 2931930 1ICMP120 Destination unreachable (Port unreachable)32 13.6650750192.168. 5.116TCP66 TCP Retransmission 2225-80 SYN 5eq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=4 5ACK_PERM=133 14.2981050 192.168. 5.11NB

25、NS92 Name query NBSTAT *34 14.2988860 1ICMP120 Destination unreachable (Port unreachable)35 17.2982260 L92.168. 5. LI192.168. LINBNS92 Name query NBSTAT *36 17. 2990080 1ICMP120 Destination unreachable (port unreachable)37 18.2332330 50 ： e5 ：49 ： 8e ： 3d

26、：4300:la:a9:08:56:17ARP42 Who has ? Tell 138 18.2340180 00:la:a9:08: 56:175O:e5:49:8e:3d:43ARP60 is at 00:la:a9:08: 56:1739 19. 6653100 192.168. 5.116TCP62 TCP Retransmission 2225-80 SYN seq=0 win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 SACK_PERM=140 20. 9999040 192.168. 5

27、.1224.0.0. 5OSPF78 Hello Packet41 21. 3045960 192.168. 5. LI2ICMP106 Echo (ping) request id=0 x0001, seq=35/8960, Ttl=3 (no response found!)p!2 21T3371520TT92TT68T2T2|1ICMP134 Time-to-live exceeded (Time to live exceeded in transit)43 21.3376090 1192. 168.3. 22ICMP10

28、6 Echo (ping) request id=0 x0001, seq=36/9216, ttl=3 (no response found!)44 21. 3701060 192.168. 2. 21ICMP134 Time-to-live exceeded (Time to live exceeded in transit)45 21. 3706620 192.168. 5.112ICMP106 Echo (ping) request id=0 x0001, seq=37/9472, ttl=3 (no response found!)46 2

29、1.4030300192.168. 2. 21ICMP134 Time-to-live exceeded (Time to live exceeded in transit)47 21.4038240 1NBNS92 Name query NBSTAT *48 21.4322030192.168. 2. 21ICMP120 Destination unreachable (Port unreachable)49 24.4215000 192.168. 5.11NBNS 92 Name

30、query NBSTAT *I 52 27.4503630192.168.：192.168. 5.11ICMP120 Destination unreachable (Port unreachable)15329.9998700192.168.51224.0.0. 5OSPF78Hello Packetmt.土92.土(18.扫192.168. 322ICMP106Echo(ping) requestid=0 x0001, seq=38/9728, ttl=4 (reply in 55)192.168. 511ICMP106Echo(ping) replyid=0 x0001, seq=38/

31、9728, ttl=61 (request in 54)5631.4189310 192.168.511192.168. 322ICMP106Echo(ping) requestid=0 x0001, seq=39/9984, ill=4 (reply in 57)5731.4479720192.168.322192.168. 511ICMP106Echo(ping) replyid=0 x0001, seq=39/9984, ttl=61 (request in 56)5831.4484280 192.168.511192.168. 322ICMP106Echo(ping) requesti

32、d=0 x0001, seq=40/10240, 111=4 (reply in 59)5931.4773970192.168.322192.168. 511ICMP106Echo(ping) replyid=0 x0001, seq=40/10240, ttl=61 (request in 58)6031.4780020192.168.511192.168. 322NBNS92Namequery NBSTAT *6131. 5242840192.168.322192.168. 511NBNS253Namequery responseNBSTAT6232.7205850192.168.5111

33、06TCP662226-80 SYN Seq=0win=8192 Len=0 MS5=1460 WS=4 SACK_PERM=16333.7805850192.168.322192.168.511ICMP106Echo(ping) requestid=0 x0001, seq=42/10752, ttl=l (reply in 64)6433. 7806760 192.168.511192.168.322ICMP106Echo(ping) replyid=0 x0001, seq=42/10752, ttl=64 (request in 63)6533.8099540 1

34、92.168.322192.168.511ICMP106Echo(ping) requestid=0 x0001, seq=43/11008, ttl=l (reply in 66)6633.8100080 192.168.511192.168.322ICMP106Echo(ping) replyid=0 x0001, seq=43/11008, ttl=64 (request in 65)6733. 8393170192.168.322192.168.511ICMP106Echo(ping) requestid=0 x0001, seq=44/11264, ttl=l (reply in 6

35、8)6833. 8393980 192.168.511192.168.322ICMP106Echo(ping) replyid=0 x0001, seq=44/11264, 111=64 (request in 67)6933.8679680 192.168.322192.168.511NBNS92Namequery NB5TAT *7033.8680390192.168.511192.168.322NBNS253Namequery responseNBSTAT35.7229520192.168.116TCP66TCPRetransmission2226-80 SYN

36、 Seq=0 Win=8192 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=4 SACK_PERM=1|51 27.4216200 192.168. 5.1192 Name query NBSTAT *NBNS120 Destination unreachablPort unreachable)50 24.4 5017901ICMP答：从图中可以看出，抓取到的包路径与tracert时显示的路径是一致的。（4）抓取数据包，分析OSPF头部结构。PC1 ping PC2 时抓包：1 .12ICMP

37、. EchoCpins)requestid=0 x0001, seq=57/“592.ttl=64(reply in 22 .21ICMP. Echo(ping)replyid=0 x9001, seq=57/14592.ttl=61(request in1)3 .12ICMP. Echo(Ping)requestid=0 x0001, seq=58/14848,ttl=64(reply in 4)4 .21ICMP. Echo(Ping)replyid=0 x0

38、001, seq=58/14848,ttl=61(request in3)5 .OSPF.Hello Packei6 .12ICMP. Echo(Ping)requestid=0 x0001, seq=59/15104,ttl=64(reply in 77 .21ICMP. Echo(Ping)replyid=0 x0001, seq=59/1514,ttl61(request in6)8 .12ICMP. EchoCPin

39、S)requestid=0 x0001, seq=60/15360,ttl=64(reply in 99 .21ICMP. Echo(ping)replyid=0 x9001, seq=60/15360,ttl=61(request in8)10 .Giga-Byt_8c:le:06FujianRu_15:57:e3ARP. Who 1as 192168.5.1?Tell 111 .FujianRu_15:57:e3Giga-Byt_8c:le:06ARP. 192.J.68.5.1is at 5869:6c:15:57:e31

40、2 .155NBNS.NamequeryIB STAT.SD.360.CNOSPF数据包：【分析】OSPF版本号：2报文类型：Hello Packet（ 1） 分组长度：44报文源路由器：区域 ID： 校验和：0 x714b （正确）认证类型：Null数据：（none）Ethernet II, Src : FujianRu_15 :57: e3 (5S:69 :6c : 15 :57:e3), Dst: IPv4mca5t_05 :铜：5e :婀:加:顷 l Internet Protocol Version 4,

41、 Src: (), Dst: () Open Shortest Path First 日 OSPF Header Version: 2 Message Type: Hello Packet (1) Packet Length: 44 Source OSPF Router;: (192,168.5.1) Area ID:(研0研0) (Backbone)Checksum: 0 x714b correct Auth Type: Mull (0) Auth Data (none): & OSP

42、F Hello PacketNetwork Mask: () Hello Interval sec : 1 Options: 0 x02 (E) External Routing) 0 =DNI: Not set0=0: Not set.0. . = (DC) Demand Circuits: Mot supported .0 . . . . = (L) LLS Data block: Nlot Present .S, = (N) NSSA: Not supported 0. = (MC) Multicast: Not capable JL

43、 = (E) External Routing: Capable & = (MT) MuIti-Topology Routing: No Router Priority: 1 Router Dead Interval sec: 40 Designated Router;: (192,168.5.1) Backup Designated Router:(既矶。)(5)在PC命令窗口执行命令route print,此时路由表信息与步骤0记录的有区别吗?此时的路由表信息：分析：路由信息的配置不会反映在PC机上，因此没有区别。接口列表.3c 46d835a2e8TP-LINK

44、300Mbps Wireless N Adapter.50 e5498cle06Realtek PCIe GBEFanily Controller1Softuare Loopback Interface 1.00 000000000000e0Microsoft ISATAPAdapter.00 000000000000e0Teredo TunnelingPseudo-Interface.00 000000000000e0Microsoft ISATAPAdapter tt2IPu4路由表网络掩码 55 192.168

45、.5.0 1 55 55 55网关 55 55 55 55 55 55女口:-K-口女口女口女口女口女口女口/:.口/:.口 1 EH=!, EH=!, EH=!, EH=!, EH=!, EH=!, EH=

46、!, EH=!, EH=!, EH=!, 朋在在在在在在在在在在129i跃点数1276_二3063063061276127612763061276306127HTKHTK HTKHTKnTK 链链28链链链 在在zl在在在祷动路由二财果跃点数网络目标网关1306:：1/12814276fe8B：/6414276fe8B：el97：2

47、d3a：11671306ffBB：/814276ffBB：/8永久路由:实验拓扑图:Area 0VLAN 10:192.168.1. 2VLAN 50:192.168. 5.1192.168.1. 0/24VLAN 10(2)在(1)的基础上每台路由器上各加入一台电脑，画出新拓扑，然后:新加入的两台电脑分别配置IP地址(0和2)，掩码和网关路由器接口配置IP地址(和)，并申明直连网段(和 )：13-RSR20-lenable 14Password:13-RSR20

48、-L#conf1g termi nalEnter conf 1 guration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.13-RSR20-l(conf1g)#i nterface gi gaO/O13-RSR20-L(conf1g-if-GigabltEthernet 0/0)#$ 13-RSR20-l(conf1g-if-GigabltEthernet 0/0)#no shutdown13-RSR20-L(conf1g-if-GigabltEthernet 0/0)#router ospf 113-RSR2

49、0-l(conf1g-router#network 55 area 013-RSR20-L(conf1q-router)#end13-RSR20-2enable 14Password:13-RSR20-2#conf1g termlnalEnter conf1guration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.13-RSR20-2(conf1g)#i nterface gigaO/O13-RSR2O-2 Cconf1g-1f-GigabitEther net 0/0)#$ 255.255.255

50、.O13-RSR20-2(conf1g-lf-GlgabltEthernet 0/0#no shutdown13-RSR20-2(conf 1 g-if-Gi gabl tEthernet 0/0#efit13-RSR20-2(conf1g)#router ospf 113-RSR20-2(conf1g-router#network 55 area 013-RSR20-2(conf1g-router)#end(a)检查任意两个PC之间是否可以Ping通，对一台主机ping其它主机的结果进行截屏。用 1 分别 ping 192.168.

51、3.22，0, 2，都可以 ping 通:MJsersB403ping 2一自自自自Ping 192.1682222r已计骊 22估 2 3.包的= 16数如s s s s :m m m m 2 1 0 1 - 2 2 2 2 IT.A- 一一 -= 171?- JJ. - JJ. - -JJ. - JJ.- L .1 V.1.1.1 :rt -LL- rt 字32节iT节iT 子TTL=61TTL=61TTL=61TTL=61Ping统计信

52、息二 售=.已急 = 4,取夭=22ms,平均壬圭=21ms=0面丢失,:MJsepsB403ping 0Ping 192.1680000的的的的节字32-+-卫卫卫T 宝XX子U - -UU - -UUS :m 居1 女2 攵_一TTL=61TTL=61TTL=61TTL=616.包的-16数行取2.返遍21 统4,毫- 9 =革 pin送电取 佐已计0IT1 10二估 2二均攵位上一1=1主为II丢失=0 ping 2.-nTKnTRnTRnTTPing 19

53、2.1682222具鲁套:s s s S 居 m m m m 蛙=31 1 1 逐-m. -_JJ. -_JJ.-m ,Itfll4lllll 节 字32节节节节 有字字字字TTL=62TTL=62TTL=62TTL=627.包的=16数行取2.返,In_l4./s 计已秒3In 统金= nsr-1长 pin送取 缶已计r)s 12:估。S II 000(b)米用#depug ip ospf显示上面OSPF协议的运行情况，观察并保存R1发送和接收的Update 分组(可以改变链路状态来触发)，注意其中LSA

54、类型；观察有无、 IP 地址，如有说明这两地址的作用。ccccccccccccc eeeeeeeeeeeee DDDDDDDDDDDDDcccccccccccc eeeeeeeeeeee DDDDDDDDDDDD11 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- I 1I 11 1 11 1 11 11 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1I 1 11 11 1 11 1 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- I II II II II II II 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- I 1I B3333333333B3333333333333333333333333B3B

55、33333333555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555 71 1- 1- 1- 1- 1_ 11 1 71 11 11 11 11 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- 1I 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- I II II II II II II II 1- 1- 1- 1- 1- I 1I555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222fi888888ss8888fi888

56、888SSB155555555555555555555577722222222222222222222222-JJ333333333333333333333333%Header version 2 Type 1 (Hell。) Packet Len 48 Router ID Area ID 0. . . checksum OxfOf2 AiiType 0He! 1 NetworkMask He!1olnterval 10 options 0 x2 C*|-|-|-|-|-|E|-) RtrPriority 1 RtrDeadlnterval

57、40 DRouter BDRouter # Neighbors 1Neighbor NFSM-VLAN 10: Full (Hel1okeceived)NFSM 192.168. 2.1-VLAN 10 : nf sfiul gnore cal 1 edNFSM-VLAN 10: Full (2-WayReceived)LSAMaxAge: Maxage walker finished (0.000000 sec)IFSMVLAN 5。： J实.LE8. 5. L :_Hell口

58、timer expireSENDHel1o: To via VLAN 50:, 1ength 44Header version 2 Type 1 (Hell。) Packet Len 44 Router ID Area ID 0. 0. 0. 0 Checksum 0 x36f5 AiiType 0He! 1 NetworkMask He!1olnterval 10 options 0 x2 C*|-|-|-|-|-|E|-) RtrPriority 1 RtrDeadlnterval 40 DRou

59、ter BDRouter # Neighbors 0IFSMVLAN 10:: Hello timer expireSENDHello: To via VLAN 10:, length 48图中出现了 LSA typel 类型。SENDLS-UPD To ,只有这个地址，没有 。这 2 个地址是组播地址，对所有DR/BDR路由器的组播地址为,对所有的非DR/BDR路由器的组 播地址为。(c)显示并记录路由器R1数据库的Route

60、r LSA，Network LSA，LS数据库信息汇总show ip ospf database routershow ip ospf database networkshow ip ospf database database！ 显示 router LSA！ 显示 network LSA！显示OSPF链路状态数据库信息Router LSA：第一部分link state id是，这个端口在ROUTER1上，共有4条链路，一条是到VLAN 10 的 ，这里 是 DR 的端口地址，这在后面的 show ip