新版沪教版英语八年级下册unit1

1、 PAGE 15八年级下册 unit1 Helping those in need 复习Unit1 Language pointsKey Wordsraisev. 筹募；增加【用法】raise 是一个及物动词，后可直接加宾语。如：raise the national flag； raise money； raise ones spirits 意为“使振奋，使鼓起勇气”如：A powerful song can raise ones spirits.时态变化：raise-raised-raised例：Raise your hands.The worker demand the manager t

2、o raise their salary.工人们要求加薪水。【拓展】rise 是不及物动词,表示“升起”， 例：The sun is rising.时态变化：rise-rose-risen【例句】翻译：1. 我们如何才能在短期内提高英语水平？我想养只狗当宠物。disabled. adj. 丧失能力的【用法】disabled可以作为形容词；也可以作为动词（ disable的过去式和过去分词)， 意为：使残废；使伤残；使无效【拓展】我们常用the disabled表示“残疾人”,相当于disabled people.【例句】He became severely dafter the big fir

3、e.offerv. 主动提出【用法】offer后面加不定式，offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事如：On his mums birthday, little Tom offered to do the dishes.【拓展】offer 还可以表示“主动拿给；主动给与”的意思，相当于give，后面可接名词作宾语。如：offer some advice ；也可以接双宾语，即offer somebody something=offer something to somebody【例句】翻译：她主动提出将自行车借给我。suffer v. 受苦；受折磨【用法】suffer sth.意为遭受，

4、经受：遭受或承受（痛苦的、有害的或不良的东西）， 如：suffer death, suffered heavy casualties/loss【拓展】suffer from 后面加的是疾病、不适（身体或心理上的）意为受的苦， 如： suffered from ill health/ a headache【例句】She sgreatly as a child.翻译：很多人都苦于现代生活的压力。serious adj. 严重的【用法】serious可以表示“认真的”如：He is a serious student and works very hard.也可以表示“严肃的”如：Be seriou

5、s，John! Dont make fun of me.【拓展】seriously是副词，表示“严重地”【例句】He has a sillness.illnessn. 病【用法】当illness表示某种具体疾病时，是可数名词。但当它表示“疾病，生病期间”时，是不可数名词。【拓展】ill 是形容词，表示“病的；生病的”【例句】翻译：他死于重病。express v. 表达；表露【用法】express sth to sb. 向某人表达 如：express his thanks to herexpress their feelings 表达某人的情感，抒发某人的感情【拓展】expression n.

6、表达；表情【例句】翻译：他向我们表达了他对新老师的看法。lonely adj. 孤独的【用法】lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。【拓展】alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。alone还可以作副词。alone 副词 adv. 单独；独自 She went home alone. After his wife died, he lived

7、 alone.【例句】He lives a，but never feels l.friendship n. 友情；友谊【用法】a deep friendship 深厚的友谊复数：friendships【拓展】friend 朋友friendly 友好的【例句】翻译：琳达和埃米有着深厚的友谊。difficulty n. 困难；费劲【用法】have difficulty with sth =have difficulty ( in) doing sth作为“困难”时，是不可数名词，如： I had no difficulty (in) learning English.作为“难事，难点，难处”时，是

8、可数名词，如：In face of so many difficulties,we were never afraid.【拓展】difficult 是形容词，表示困难的【例句】He have din solving d problems.courage n.勇气；勇敢【用法】不可数名词 have courage【拓展】encourage 鼓励discourage 使沮丧【例句】 翻译：战士们有勇气打败敌人。spend time with 与共度；陪伴如：I spent time with my son and talked to him a lot.continue to do sth. 继续

9、做某事They continued to do voluntary work. 课堂达标检测重点词汇、短语筹募；增加 准许 有残疾的 青少年 主动提出 受苦，受折磨 严重的 （某种）病 组织；筹备 表达；表露 痛苦；苦恼 孤独的；寂寞的 友情；友谊 困难；费 愉快；喜悦 平静；宁静（使）疼痛勇气；勇敢 情绪；心境 短语考察需要帮助的义务性工作报请批准因受苦；受折磨使振奋；使鼓起勇气二、单项选择() 1. Petercook for his parents when the International Day of Families came.A. offeredB. offered toC.

10、offeringD. to offer() 2. Although you may meet with some, you should never give up.A. difficultB. difficultyC. difficultiesD. difficultys() 3. He has few friends. He lives in a small house, he often feels.A. alone, lonelyB. alone, aloneC. lonely, lonelyD. lonely, alone() 4. Itime with my parents dur

11、ing the holidays.A. payB. spentC. costD. take() 5. After reading Lesson 9, heread Lesson 10.A. continuedB. continued toC. continuingD. to continue() 6. The boy was, he had to ask for leave because of the.A. ill, illB. illness, illnessC. illness, illD. ill, illness三、首字母填空There are many kinds of vwork

12、.I taught dchildren to sing.Three toffered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.I will cto do voluntary work in the future.They have dwalking or moving.Music can bring the disable children j.We must renough money for the construction of the school.They oto help the old.In the end, we

13、 all decided to oa concert for Easter.He hhis legs in a car accident.四、完成句子患难见真情。A friend is a friend in deed.他将在他空闲的时候继续在医院里帮忙。He will at the hospital in his free time.这帮助他们表达他们的感受。This their feelings.在暑假期间课，她想去做义务性工作，因此她将主动提出去医院帮忙。She wanted to do during the summer holidays, so shell at a hospital

14、.有时我还是在吃这些弱点的苦头。Sometimes I still these weaknesses.这个好消息使我们精神振奋。The good news .我觉得你在使用杰克的电脑前，需要请求他的批准。I think you need to before you use Jacks computer.我不想在这么短的一个假期过去巴黎，我宁愿待在家里和我的孩子一起。I dont want to go to Paris for such a short holiday. Id rather stay at home and _ my kids.学生们将会在下周为非洲的孩子们筹募。The stud

15、ents will for the children in Africa next week.语法：动词不定式【动词不定式】是非谓语动词一种，在句子中，它除了不能作谓语外，可以担当其它任何成分，主语宾语、表语等。本课主要讲动词不定式作宾语的情况，基本形式：to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to） ,其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。动词不定式用法A、 作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1) 把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.To learn a foreign lan

16、guage is not easy. = Itnsot easy to learn a foreign language. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。It is exciting to surfthe Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。【练习】一、动词不定式作主语1. Its our dutythe room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Its hard for usEnglish well.A.

17、 learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning（江西省）建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It willthe workers over a year the flyover.Its very niceyou to get me two ticketsthe World Cup.A. for，of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， toB、作表语（表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、 副词、 介词短语、 不定式、 动词的-ing 、 从句来充当， 它常位于系动词（be, become, app

18、ear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句）The important thing is to finish the work on time. (完成工作) What you have to do now is to clean the classroom. (打扫教室).C 作宾语动词 + to do 常见动词有 agree, choose, decide, forget, fail, go on, learn, hope, mean ( 意味； 想要) need,offer,

19、plan, regret, require, remember,seem, stop, try, wish, want等注意：部分动词后接不定式与接动名词的含义不同。如stop, forget, rememberHe decidedto buy (buy) the camera.I want to listen to (listen to) some music after class.I hope to travel (travel) all over the world one day.动词+疑问代（副）词 + to doI dont know what to do. （做什么）how t

20、o do it / that. （怎么做）where to go (去哪里)when to leave (什么时候出发) Which one to choose (选择哪个)例：I havent decided when to take a holiday yet.动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +to doI find it important to learn English我发现很难和他好好相处. I find it hard to get on well with him.我发现在炎热的夏天很容易入睡. I find it easy to fall asleep in hot sum

21、mer.动词不定式做宾补动词 + 宾语 +to doLi Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want，like, beg(请求), invite（邀请）, warn（警告，提醒）, allow, encourage, advise 等。动词 + 宾语 + do (不带 to 的不定式)注：常用的动词是:感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 have ,make, let.（如果将其改成被动语态，必须将不定式符号to还原。）例：Color

22、s can change our moods(情绪) and make us feel happy or sad.固定搭配：make sb. do sth.【练习】动词不定式作宾语1. He wantssome vegetables.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. buys2. Dont forgetyour homework with you when you come to school.A. to bringB. bringingC. to takeD. taking3. He found it very difficult.A. sleepingB. sleeps

23、C. sleptD. to fall asleep动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks ushis Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withC. to help withD. helps him with2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friendsChinese food.A. cookB. cooksC. to cookD. cookedE、作状语（可以表目的、表结果、表原因）。为了强调目的，有时可以把不

24、定式放在句首，或在不定式前面加in order to或so as not toI came here to tell you good news. ( 告诉你一个好消息)She studied hard to pass the exam.她刻苦学习，以便通过考试。F、作定语 （必须后置）我们每天有很多作业要做. We have a lot of homework to do every day.我有个好消息要告诉你. I have good news to tell you.不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better

25、的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。Its cold outside. Youd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。will (would) you please之后动词不定式不带to.Would you please say it again more slowly? 请你再慢慢说它一下好吗？在感官动词see, watch, feel, hear, look at, listen to和使役动词have, make,let后要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:

26、I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。I didnt see you come in.我没看见你进来。在引导疑问句的why not之后。Why not+不带to的不定式是Why dont you do的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如: Why not take a holiday。=Why dont you take a holiday。为什么不休个假呢。Why not go there with him? 为什么不和他一起去那儿？在动词help之后做宾语或宾语补足语的不定式，to可省略也可保留。Will you help me (to

27、) move the table? 请帮我搬一下桌子好吗？当but, except, besides之前有一个实义动词时，这个介词之后的动词不定式不带to.What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳，你还爱好什么？【随堂训练】一、用方框内所给动词的适当形式填空The taxi driver failed(stop )at the red light.The manager didnt agree(hold) the party in their restaurant .I tried(solve) the problem.They wish(have)

28、a happy new year.Teachers told students(do) their homework by themselves.Mary will remember(send) Lucy a birthday card.Eva said shewanted(take) evening classes of English.二、单项选择题() 1. He has made many friends here so he doesnt feel.A. aloneB. lonelyC.happyD. serious()2. Alice is a warm-hearted singe

29、r.She always teaches the children around her A.singsB.singC. singingD. losing()3.Whenever people are in need, he always offersthem.A.to helpB.helpsC.helpD. helped()4. These disabled persons have difficulty.Lets help them.A.walkB.walkingC.walksD. walked ()5. After a short rest, they continued.A.worki

30、ngB.worksC. workD. worked ()6. What activities are you going to take part in?Im planning to raise moneythe earthquake victims.A.inB.withC.toD. for ()7. He lost his jobhis illness.A.becauseB.because ofC.soD. though() 8. The Spring Bud Project paid for meto school.A.to returnB.returnC. in returningD.

31、returned() 9. In my childhood, 1 learnt to cook and wash and do manythings.A.the otherB.otherC. othersD. the others()10. Dont make people_anything they dont want-A.do, to doB.to do, doC. doing, to doD.to do, doing ()11. The workers want ustogether with them.A. work B. working C. to work D. worked()1

32、2. There isnt any difference between the two.I really dont know.A. where to chooseB. which to chooseC. to choose whatD. to choose which()13. The teacher told themmake so much noise.A. dontB. notC. will notD. not to()14.He gave us some advice on howEnglish.A. learningB . learnedC. to learn D . learn(

33、)15.Im thirsty. Would you please give me something .A .drunkB .to drinkC .to be drunkD .for drinking ()16.Tom is the firstto school.A . getB . to getC. gettingD . Got()17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him.A. not to B. not to doC. not do it D. do not to ()18. I

34、 saw himout of the room.A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes()19.more about tomorrows weather, call 121. OK, I will. Thank you.A. KnowB. KnowingC. To knowD. Known()20.We must do everything we canwaste water from running into rivers.A. keepB. keptC. to keepD. keeping()21.Letsplay in the street. Fath

35、er tells medo so.A. not to；not toB. not；not toC. dont；to notD. not to；dont ()22.When I came into the room, he pretendedhis homework.A. to doB. be doingC. doingD. to be doing【提升训练】动词不定式专项练习()1. Its wrongnother a letter.A. of you; to writeB. for you; writingC. of you; writingD. for you; write()2. Im s

36、orry, Imy exercise book at home.Dont forgetit to school tomorrow,please.A. forget; to takeB. left; to bringC. forget; to bringD. left; to take()3. Before you go abroad, you needabout table manners in that country.A. knewB. knownC. to knowD. knowing()4. I need some paper.A. to writeB. to write on C.

37、to write inD. writing()5. I have no pens. Could you please lend me one?Sure. Here you are.A. to writeB. to write downC. to write withD. to write in ()6.Do you think our football team will win the match?Yes, we have better players. So Ithem to win.A. hopeB. askC. helpD. expect()7. I am alloweduntil 1

38、2:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival.A. stay upB. to stay upC. staying upD. to staying upThe”No Car Day”campaign(活动 asks Beijing driverstheir cars at home one day each month.A. leaveB. leavingC. to leaveD. to be left ()9. Do you like sports?Sure. Im looking forward tothe 29th Olympic Gamesn Be

39、ijing on TV.A. watch B. watching C. watchD. watching()10. Good manners usually help people toeach other.A. get on well withB. get startedC. be friendlyD. get together ()11.They preferTV tonewspapers.A. watching; readingB. watching; to read C. to watch; readD. to watch; reading ()12. Oh, terrible! I

40、forgotthe window. Its windy.Really? Lets go back home quickly.A. closingB. to closeC. closedD. close()13. Shopping with me?Sorry, I have a lot of clothes.A. to washB. washedC. washD. to be washed()14. On her way home Lucy saw a thiefin a shop. She stopped110 at once.A. steal; callB. to steal; callC.

41、 stealing; to callD. stealing; calling()15. There are some dangerous fishes in this river, and I toldJackhere.A. not to swimB. to not swimC. swim not toD. to swim not()16. Martin Murray is a fifteen-year-old boy. He useda “problem child”, but luckily, his mother was very patient, and didnt give uphi

42、m.A. to be; try to helpB. being; trying helpingC. to be; trying to helpD. being; try helping()17. Ali said that she wouldnt mindalone at home.A. left B. being left C. to be leftD. leaving()18. If you keepEnglish, you can learn English well.A. practising speakB. practising speakingC. practising to sp

43、eakD. to practise spoken()19. She enjoyslight music.A. to hearB. hearing C. listening toD. to listen to()20. He finished his homework, then he went ona letter.A. writeB. writingC. withD. to write课后作业-【单元综合练习】（40min）一、首字母填空They jumped over with jat the good news.Im sorry I have nothing to pyou except some big hills.He feels 1since he has few friends here.They decided t