自动化专业英语ppt课件

1、自动化专业英语.课程性质和目的初步掌握自动化专业的专业词汇和常用表达方法；可以借助专业词典阅读和翻译专业资料、专业教材、与自动化技术有关的阐明书、手册或者其它技术资料；可以初步撰写专业论文摘要和常用运用文。.文献范围电路Theory of Circuit模拟电子技术Analog Electronics Technology数字电子技术Digital Electronics Technology电机学Theory of Electric Electric Motors自动控制实际Automatic Control Theory现代控制实际Modern Control Theory微机原理Prin

2、ciple of Microcomputer计算机控制技术Computer Control Techniques过程控制系统Process Control System.专业词汇电气工程自动控制计算机.考试考试内容全部来自教材内阅读：50%翻译：35%写作：15%不能带词典.要求生词记熟每篇课文至少读三遍课前1遍课内1遍课后1遍 .课前预习通读课文1遍生词查出在页边按1、5、10标上页内行标。页内行标的标注方法：大标题、图形、图题、表格不算一行，公式、小标题算一行。 .阅读方法Skimming：阅读或者略读。只需求了解文章内容的大约50%，快速地获取中心意思和重点。Scanning：阅读或者查

3、阅。查阅只需求从文章中有目的地迅速查找某一详细现实或者特定信息。Fast reading：快速阅读。速度为200350 WPM。要求根本上了解文章内容。精读：在阅读的同时对文章从各方面进展分析。 .New wordspower electronics technology: 电力电子技术 resultant a. 作为结果而产生的、结局的、最后的be proportional to： 与成比例summation n. 相加、累加、求和 proportionality constant 比例常数、比例系数.voltage source 电压源 current source 电流源magnitud

4、e 幅值 equivalent electrical circuit 等效电路Kirchhoff Law 基尔霍夫定律inductor voltage 电感电压.定律 law：各种景象之间恒定关系的简约陈说。Ohms Law, Faradays law, Kerchhoffs first law, the law of gravity.定义 definition：表达根本特征的阐明定理 theorem: 在已明晰的假设根底上已被证明或将被证明的命题.New wordsPower factor ：功率因数phasor ：相图、相量vector ：向量，矢量.the distribution of

5、 three-phase power requires only three-fourths as much line copper as does the single-phase distribution of the same amount of power. 用三相传输法所耗费的铜只相当于单相传输法所传输同等电量所用铜的四分之三。 .New wordsGain 增益on the order of 在数量级KVL Kirchhoff Voltage Law.One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generaliz

6、ed amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system.对于普通的放大器。一个问题是其增益AU 或者AI取决于两端口系统的内部特性。 .Operational amplifiers are differential devices运算放大器为差动安装.通读“Transistors一至两遍。并回答以下问题：What is semiconductor material?Normally how many leads does a transistor get?

7、What are the three polarities of a transistor?2、Please translate the second paragraph of “The Operational Amplifier into Chinese. .英语阅读时要留意的几个问题 留意转机词 以意群为单位进展阅读 留意文章的类型 留意整体把握 .UNIT 5 A：One of the DC-to-DC Switch-mode Converters-buck Converter.New words buck converter 降压变换器boost converter 升压变换器 ste

8、ady state 稳态 filter n. 滤波器 impedance n. 阻抗 duration n. 继续时间saw-tooth 锯齿波 kilohertz n. 千赫芝 dissipate vt. 耗费low-pass 低通 instantaneous ad. 瞬间的fluctuate v. 动摇、起伏force commutated 强迫换流 duty ratio 占空比 .The control voltage signal generally is obtained by amplifying the error, or the difference between the a

9、ctual output voltage and its desired value. 控制信号通常是由将实践的输出电压与期望的电压之差放大后得到。 .B：Switch-mode DC-to AC InvertersRectifying:整流, 将交流电能变成直流电能Inverting:逆变, 而将直流电能转变成交流电能，相应的安装就称为逆变器Inverter。 .New words sinusoidal a. 正弦的 kinetic energy 动能power flow 功率流regenerative braking 再生制动cancellation n. 补偿utility grid 公

10、用电网block diagram 方框图lag v 滞后quadrant n. 象限 .To slow down the ac motor in Fig 1-5B-1, the kinetic energy associated with the inertia of the motor and its load is recovered and the ac motor acts as a generator. 为了制动图1-5B-1,中的交流电动机，电动机和电动机负载的动能被转化为电能；此时电动机成为一个发电机。 .The energy recovered during the braki

11、ng of the ac motor can be dissipated in a resistor, which can be switched in parallel with the dc-bus capacitor for this purpose in Fig 1-5B-1.交流电动机制动过程所转换的电能可以耗费在一个电阻上。该电阻在制动过程中被接入，并且与直流母线上的电容相并联。 .UNIT 6The Utility Interface with Power Electronic System .New words Uninterruptible power supplies (U

12、PS) 不延续电源utility grid 公用电网malfunction n. 缺点line frequency 工频 substantial a. 根本的、本质的cosine n. 余弦distortion n. 畸形、畸变resonance n. 谐振utility relay 继电维护notch n. 缺口proliferation n. 扩展、分散electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰 unipolar a. 单极性的 unidirectional a. 一方向的 .However, all power electronic converters (inc

13、luding those used to protect critical loads) can add to the inherent power line disturbances by distorting the utility waveform due to harmonic currents injected into the utility grid and by producing electromagnetic interference. 然而， 一切的电力电子变换安装包括那些维护关键负载的都会由于谐波电流注入公共电网而产生波形失真或者电磁干扰而产生对电力线的干扰。 .The

14、 importance of the high power factor has been recognized by residential and office equipment manufacturers for their own benefit to maximize the power available from a wall outlet. 居民和办公设备制造商都曾经认识到提高功率因数的重要性。他们都可以经过提高功率因数而获得最大的电能并从中获益。 .Mal- : 坏, 错误malfunction 缺点malnutrition 营养不良malformation 畸形malad

15、ministration 管理不善.tort 词根 =twist 扭Distort 失真， 畸变Torticollis 斜颈contortion 曲解、扭曲 .作业Please translate the second paragraphs of The Utility Interface with Power Electronic System into Chinese. .PART 2 Control TheoryUnit 1A：The World of Control.New Wordstedious a. 令人腻烦的、冗长乏味的 proponent n. 支持者、辩护者detracto

16、r n. 反对者、贬低者 .In a modern aircraft, for example, the power boost controls amplify the force applied by the pilot to move the control surface against large aerodynamic forces.例如在现代飞行器中，动力助推控制系统将飞行员的力放大以推进遭到很大的气流作用的机翼外表。 .Lumped parameter systems are those for which physical characteristics are assume

17、d to be concentrated in one or more lumps and thus independent of any spatial distribution. 集中参数系统是指这样一些系统，其物理特性都集中在一个或者多个集中体上，因此与空间分布无关。 .In effect, bodies are assumed rigid and treated as point massed; sprigs are massless and electrical leads resistanceless, suitable corrections are made to the sy

18、stem mass or resistance; temperature are uniform; etc. 在效果上，物体被假设为是刚体并且质量都集中在一点上，弹簧的质量可以忽略；导线的电阻为零；或者是可以得到适宜的关系式使得系统的质量、电阻和温度的分布是均匀的。 .B：The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation .New Words transfer function 传送函数 Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换order n. 阶次 stationary n. 稳定 initial condition

19、初始条件polynomial n. 多项式complex Laplace variable 复拉普拉斯变量denominator n. 分母 numerator n. 分子 characteristic function 特征函数operational mathematics 运算数学ordinary differential equation 常微分方程homogeneous solution 通解 particular solution 特解 superposition n. 迭加initial value 初值final value 终值shifting theorem 平移定理piec

20、ewise a. 分段的 .For physical systems N(s) will be of lower order than D(s) since nature integrates rather than differentiates. 对于实践的系统，由于其积分特性要强于微分特性，所以N(s)的阶次要低于D(s)的阶次。 .This combination or reduction process is termed block diagram algebra. 这一合并和化简过程称为方框图代数。The Laplace transform is an evolution from

21、 the unilateral Fourier integral拉氏变换是由单边富立叶变换的演化而来的.Since the definite integral of Eq. 2-1B-4 is improper, not all functions are Laplace transformable由于方程2-1B-4是奇特的，所以并非一切的函数的拉氏变换都存在。 .New Words discrete a. 离散的intuitively adv. 直观地excitation n. 鼓励equilibrium n. 平衡点criterion n. criteria pl. 目的、尺度、准那么e

22、xponential a. 指数的 oscillation n. 振荡qualitatively a. 定性地factored form 因式分解的方式real a. 实数的Routh criterion 劳斯判据sign n. 符号unit step input单位阶跃呼应force solution 强迫解transient solution 瞬态解 time constant 时间常数real axis 实轴permissible overshoot 允许超调machine tool 机床 gouge vt. 在某物上胡乱地或者破坏性地凿 .The output will pass th

23、rough a transient phase and set down to a steady state response that will be of the same form as, or bounded by, the input. 输出经过瞬态阶段后将回到与输入有一样方式的稳态或者是在输入的附近。 .B：Steady States New Words:ramp n. 斜坡.A control system is designed to control the behavior (the time response) of a plant subject to commands

24、or disturbances. 控制系统设计就是使安装在有指令信号或者干扰时有称心的行为时域呼应。An accuracy of a system is a measure of how well if follows commands. 系统的精度是衡量其能否可以跟踪指令的一个目的。 .UNIT 3A：The Root Locus.New Words:performance criteria 性能目的 Routh-Hurwitz criterion 劳斯-霍尔维茨判据 transient response 瞬态呼应 characteristic equation 特征方程 unfactore

25、d a. 未因式分解的 depict v. 描画Angle and magnitude criteria 相角与幅值准那么complex conjugates 复数共轭 vector n. 向量、矢量 horizontal n. 程度counterclockwise a. 逆时针的 odd multiple 奇数倍的 facilitate v. 使容易coincide n. 一致、重合 .The sn term represents n poles, all equal to zero and located at the origin of the s plane. sn 表示n 个极点，其

26、值为零，位于s 平面的原点。The angles are uniformly distributed. 各个角度是均匀分布的。If the part of the real axis between two o.l.poles (o.l.zeros) belongs to the loci, there must be a point of breakaway form, or arrival at, the real axis. 假照实轴的一部分位于两个开环极点或者开环零点之间且属于轨迹，那么在其间必有分别点或者会合点。. B：The Frequency Response Methods:

27、Nyquist Diagrams .New Words:amplitude n. 幅值 thereof adv. 在其中、其 antenna n. 天线superimpose v. 添上、加上、附加上 gust n. 阵风 partial fraction expansion 部分分式展开inverse transform 逆变换 undamped oscillation 无阻尼振荡 displace v. 转移 radian n. 弧度 polar plot 极坐标图 gain margin 增益裕量phase margin 相角裕量 .The frequency response is a

28、 steady-state response. Although some information can be obtained about the transient response, it is only approximate and is subject to misinterpretation. 翻译见注解。From these equations we see that a sinusoidal input to a linear stable system produces a steady state response that is also sinusoidal, ha

29、ving the same frequency as the input but displaced through a phase angle and having an amplitude that may be different. 根据以上方程，我们可以看到将正弦输入信号加至一个稳定的线性系统时，其输出也是一个同频率的正弦信号，但是相角和幅值会有所不同。 .练习：1、将以下名词翻译成英文：时域呼应、传送函数、方框图、反响控制系统、零点、极点 2、朗诵以下几个英文单词并翻译成中文。Afghanistan, Argentina, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, L

30、ebanon, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Nigeria, Palestine, Saudi Arabia.UNIT 4A：The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Plots.New words decibel n. 分贝common logarithm 常用对数 Bode plot 伯德图 minimum phase 最小相位unit n. 单位 polar plot 极坐标图 interpret v. 解释、口译slope n. 斜率 lag n. (相位)滞后lead n. (相位)超前 asymptote n. 渐进线 deviation

31、 n. 偏向 decade n. 十倍abrupt a. 峻峭的、忽然的 crossover frequency 穿越频率 gain margin 增益裕量 phase margin 相角裕量 product n. 乘积 .Unit 5A: Introduction to Modern Control Theory.New Words:advent n. 事件、时期的出现、到来 stimulus n. 刺激 realistic a. 实践的、现实的 optimal control 最优控制 applicability n. 适用性 bandwidth n. 带宽phase-plane 相平面

32、describing function 描画函数 alleviate v. 减轻、减小 prominently adv. 显著地、突出地 numeric solution 数值解 n-dimensional a. n维的 .When differential equations are encountered, they are linearized and subjected to whatever constraints are necessary to establish useful input-output relationships.当运用微分方程时，要对其进展线性化并受限于一定的

33、约束条件才干建立有用的输入-输出关系。.A recognition of the applicability of well-known methods in other fields of knowledge. 认识到其他领域的一些有名的方法的适用性。Optimal control theory often dictates that nonlinear time varying control law be used, even if the basic system is linear and time-invariant. 即使系统是线性定常的，最优控制实际通常给出非线性时变控制律。

34、.When nonlinearities and time variation are present, the very basis for classical techniques is removed. Some successful techniques such as phase-plane, describing function, and ad hoc methods, have been developed to alleviate this shortcoming . 当系统存在非线性和时变特性时，经典方法赖以存在的根底就不存在了。一些胜利的方法，如相平面法、描画函数法以及一

35、些特定的方法可以改良经典控制实际。.翻译80页最后一段从In the Bode plot, 到as shown in Fig.2-4A-2.。写出以下中文术语：阶跃呼应、斜坡ramp呼应、超调量、调理时间、开环系统、闭环系统，复数、实轴、频率域。 .B: State equationsNew WordsControllability n. 可控性 Observability n. 可观性 coordinate n. 坐标unit matrix 单位矩阵adjoint n. 伴随矩阵 determinant n. 行列式 eigenvalue n. 特征值.Part 3 Computer Con

36、trol Technology Unit 1 A: Fundamentals of Computer and Networks .New Words:Workstation n. 任务站 touch screen 触摸屏bus n. 总线Parallel port 并口 serial port 串口 operating system 操作系统Job management 作业管理ultimately adv. 最终的、最后的separation n. 区别，分别 facility n. 设备、设备 provision n. 供应.作业翻译以下中文术语：矩阵、向量、特征值、特征方程、行列式、坐标

37、、共扼复数、微分方程、分子、分母、多项式 预习：PART 3 UNIT 2: A and B.Unit 2 A: The Application of Computer .New Word:trajectory n. 轨迹 artillery shells n. 炮弹simultaneous equations 联立方程retrieve v. 检索 virtual reality 虚拟现实numerical control 数控 adaptive control 自顺应控制 unrivalled a. 无敌的 algorithm n. 算法terative a. 反复的、迭代 joint n.

38、 关节 civil work 土木工程manual n. 手册decisive a. 决议性的asynchronous a. 异步的subdivision n. 分支stereotype a. 陈规、旧套expertise n. 专门知识、专长 .For example, calculating the trajectory of artillery shells requires resolving a set of simultaneous algebraic equations which may have up to hundreds of variables may take mat

39、hematicians years, but can be done by a computer program in hours. 例如计算弹道轨迹要求在数秒钟内解一组微分方程或者设计一个大坝能够有数百个变量也许要数学家数年的时间，但是计算机只需数小时的时间即可完成。.Virtually computer simulation is based on mathematical models representing the nature of the object under study or examination. The mathematical model comprises a s

40、eries of equations that depict the inherent process of the object in mathematical terms. A computer simulation program includes algorithms that are derived from those equations. 虚拟的计算机仿真是建立在可以代表要研讨或检查的对象的数学模型之上的。该数学模型包含了一组描画了对象内在过程的数学方程。一个计算机仿真程序包含了从以上方程推导出来的算法。 .CAD is software that can help engine

41、ering in their designs for new products building, print circuit boards, civil works like bridge and airports, relieving them from the tedious, back=breaking and time consuming jobs like drafting and drawing. CAD是这样的软件，可以协助工程师设计新产品、建筑、印刷线路板、桥梁和机场等土木工程；使他们从绘图等繁琐、累人和费时的任务中解脱出来。.Management is one of the

42、 decisive factors that tell success or failure of any bank, corporation, firm, university, research institute in competition. 管理是一个银行、公司、学校、研讨机构在竞争中能否胜利的决议性要素。 .B: Multimedium Information Superhighway.New Words: optic-fiber 光纤 animation n. 动画hype n. 皮下注射 v. 使热烈liquid crystal 液晶 megabyte n. 兆位encyclo

43、pedia n. 百科全书insatiable a. 不能满足的、贪得无厌的 resolution n. 分辨率Internet n. 因特网internet n. 互连网 image n. 图象video n. 视频live a. 现场直播的distance education (distance learning) 远程教育.Combined with digital television set, videodiscs can not only present films but also offer surround sound which provides theater quali

44、ty-amazing reality by which the viewer may have an illusion that were at the scene and witnessed everything happening just around them. 加上数字式电视，影碟不仅可以提供电影，还能提供影院效果的环绕立体声，使观众有身临其境的觉得。 .预习Unit 3 A: Intelligent RobotsUNIT 4 A：Computer Structure and Function.Abstract Guidelines摘要是论文的梗概，是对论文的简单描画 科技论文文摘应

45、该有四个组成部分研讨的目的研讨的过程和采用的方法结果结论 .好的科技文摘应具备以下条件完好性：complete in and of itself; that is, it should be able to serve as a stand-alone description which provides a complete picture of the resource at the selected level of specificity; 可读通俗：comprehensive in its representation of the key concepts or significa

46、nt content that are present in the resource; 精炼准确：concise, precise, and accurate in its use of terminology; 明晰紧凑客观：written in a clear, terse, non-critical style; and 构造逻辑性：logically structured in its presentation of the selected data and information.Unit 3 A: Intelligent RobotsIf ambient lighting se

47、rves as illumination source, the imaging process is passive. This type of imaging is common in military applications since the position of the viewer is beyond the control of the viewer. But in industrial application, controlled illumination or active imaging can be used as freely as possible.假设周围的光

48、作为照明源，那么成像过程为被动的。这种成像通常用于军事，由于察看者很难控制本人的位置。但是在工业运用中，受控的照明或称自动成像可以尽能够自在地运用。 .UNIT 4 A：Computer Structure and Function.New Words architecture n. 体系构造 interpret v. 解释、翻译口译 address n. 地址addressing a. & v. 寻址 location n. 单元 word length 字长enable v. 使能 alter v. 改动、改动 field n. 段、域、字段opcode n. 操作码 operand n.

49、 操作数 bit n. 位 byte n. 字节single-precision n. 单精度 floating-point 浮点的erasable a. 可擦除的participation n. 参与、分区 flag register 标志存放器.UNIT 5A: Fundamentals of Single-Chip Microcomputers.New Words:culmination n. 结果、结局、顶点、极点arguably adv. 可论证的volatile a. 易挥发的volume n. 体积、容量emulation n. 模拟、模拟 stack n. 堆栈 solid s

50、tate relay 固体继电器fluorescent a. 荧光的protocol n. 协议 frame n. 帧 parity n. 奇偶校验 .Clearly, this implies a rigorous approach to ROM code development since changes cannot be made after manufacture. 显然，这就意味着ROM代码的开发必需非常准确，由于一旦消费出来就无法更改。This type of device can behave functionally as the single-chip microcompu

51、ter from which it is derived albeit with restricted I/O and modified external circuit. 这种设备从单片机上派生出来，虽然带有受限制的I/O和更矫正的外部电路，在功能上表现为一个单片机。 .The use of these ROMless devices is common even in production circuits where the volume does not justify the development costs of custom on-chip ROM, there can sti

52、ll be a significant saving in I/O and other chips compared to a conventional microprocessor based circuit. 无ROM的设备普遍运用，即使在产品电路中批量使得片内ROM开发本钱过高，和基于微处置器的传统电路相比还是可以显著地节省I/O和其他芯片。 .Both the common asynchronous and synchronous communication schemes require protocols that provide framing(start and stop) i

53、nformation. This can be implemented as a hardware facility or UART relieving processor(and applications programmer) of this low-level, time-consuming, detail.异步和同步通讯战略需求协议提供启动、停顿帧信息。这种任务可以运用硬件或者UART来实现，可以将处置器或者运用程序从这种底层的、费时的和琐碎的任务解脱出来。 .B: PLC New Words: query v. 讯问、咨询mushroom v. 迅速开展ladder logic 梯形

54、逻辑flowcharting n. 流程图cite v. 援用intertwine v. 相互影响、缠绕 outweigh v. 胜过 embrace v. 包含proprietary a. 公用的bandwagon n.马戏团等吹打过闹市的乐队彩车、宣传车broadband n. 宽带disproportionate a. 不相称的、太大的 .One, he says, “is where the size of the process control system thats being automated doesnt justify DCS. With the starting pri

55、ce tags of those products being relatively high, a programmable controller makes sense for small, low loop count applications. The second is where you have to integrate the loop closely with the sequential logic. Batch controllers are prime examples, where the sequence and maintaining the process va

56、riables are intertwined so closely that the benefits of having a programmable controller to do the sequential logic outweighs some of the disadvantages of not having a distributed control system. 第一点，思索到集散控制系统的初始价钱比较高，一些要进展自动控制的过程控制系统的规模并不适宜运用DCS。对于小型、底层的运用，一个可编程控制器更为合理。第二点是，人们必需将一些控制环与顺序逻辑控制更严密地集成。

57、批量控制器就是一个主要的例子，这里顺序量和坚持过程参量稳定相互影响，运用可编程控制器做顺序逻辑控制的益处胜于不运用DCS的害处。.MAPManufacturing Automation Protocol制造自动化协议。制造自动化协议是美国通用汽车公司GM提出的一种用于制造自动化的局域网协议 。 MAP基于ISO的OSI根本参考模型，它有七层构造 。.While there are concerns about the lack of compatible communications between PLCs from different vendors, the connection at

58、the other end-the I/O is even more fragmented.当人们思索不同制造商的PLC系统之间的通讯兼容性问题时，可别忘了，I/O接口终端的衔接更为困难。注：fragment，描画词，意思是碎片，意指各个I/O段无法通讯。.Part 4 Electric DriveUNIT 1 A: DC Machine.New Words:slot n. 槽 periphery n. 圆周armature n. 电枢iron core 铁芯 Laminate v. 分成薄片eddy n. 涡流 conductor n. 导体flux n. 磁通commutator n. 换

59、向器、整流子brush n. 碳刷quadrature n. 正交 turns n. 匝rheostat n. 变阻器stator n. 定子 rotor n. 转子.The brushes are so placed that when the sides of an armature turn (or coil) pass through the middle of the region between field poles, the current though it changes direction. This makes all the conductors under one

60、pole carry current in one direction.电刷是这样安排：当电枢绕组或者线圈的边经过励磁磁极区域中部时，流经其的电流就会改动方向。这样就可以保证流经导体的电流在一个磁极下的方向不变。.What kinds of vocabulary do we need most?4 vocabulary categoriesHigh-frequency wordsAcademic wordsTechnical wordsLow-frequency words.High-frequency wordsIncluding almost all and many content wo