第五讲：词类转译法2

1、 第五讲 词类转译法（二）1一、转译成形容词名词转译成形容词1、形容词派生的名词可以转译成形容词 常见可以加在形容词后面，构成名词的后缀有：-ity security, crudity, oddity, possibility-ness carelessness, dryness, silliness-dom freedom, boredom, wisdom-th warmth2Examples:She recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.她认识到：通过中间人与他们打交道是愚蠢的。The se

2、curity and warmth of the destroyers bay were wonderful.驱逐舰的病室既安全，又温暖，非常舒服！He added: “I understand and respect their views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision.”他又说：“我理解并尊重他们的观点，但我深信我的决定是正确的。”I would question the wisdom of lending him such a large sum of money.我对借给他这么一大笔钱是否明智持怀疑态度。

3、我认为借给他这么一大笔钱是不明智的。32、有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译成形容词。There is a possibility that he will win the election.他有可能赢得这次选举。Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.独立思考是学习过程中不可或缺的/必不可少的。独立思考对学习是必需的。His speech on globalization is a great success.他所作的关于全球化的演讲非常成功。他所作的关于全球化的演讲取得了巨大的成功。As he is a perfe

4、ct stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.这座城市对他来说是完全陌生的，因此我希望你能给他一些必要的帮助。4副词转译成形容词 如果在翻译的过程中将一个动词转换成名词，则修饰动词的副词自然应该转换成形容词。Examples:In the past ten years, Chinas GDP per capital has increased greatly.在过去的十年中，中国的人均国内生产总值有了很大的增长。Our proposal was warmly welcomed by all the re

5、presentatives.我们的提议得到了全体代表的热烈欢迎。The girl impressed her fiances relatives favorably with her vivacity and sense of humor.这个女孩的活泼和幽默给她未婚夫的亲戚们留下了极好的印象。 在一定情况下，一些副词也可以转译成形容词。Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad.我国政府十分关心海外侨胞。Traditionally, there had always been good relatio

6、ns between them.他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。5二、转译成副词形容词转译成副词：当英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词也相应地转换成汉语副词。Examples:We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague,我们不安地小睡了几次，竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播。The first time he took me to the lanes, I must have been 9 or so. He was carefu

7、l to select a lighter ball for me, and in his low, measured tones began to instruct me.他第一次带我去打保龄球的时候，我肯定是9岁左右。他仔细地给我挑选了一个轻一点的球，然后低声用他那从容不迫的语调开始教我怎样打。 由于英汉表达习惯的差异，还有一些形容词在特定的语境里适合转译成副词。6A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere.直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。Its sheer nonsense这完全是胡说八道。名词转译成副词Examples:When he c

8、atches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地用他的魅力和风趣将这个人争取过来。The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.新市长有礼貌地前来拜访城市贫困户，获得了大家的的一致称赞。 同样，副词有时候也可以根据汉语表达的需要转译成名词He is physically weak bu

9、t mentally sound他身体虚弱，但心智健全。7三、非人称主语句的转换英语中有大量非人称主语句，使用抽象名词或事物作主语。这种句式常常有拟人化修辞色彩，语气委婉、含蓄、结构严谨，言简意赅，是典型的英语句式。非人称主语句在翻译成汉语时，必须在汉语中采用人称主语句。否则译句生硬，甚至不成句子。8Examples:1. Then came the struggle and parting below. Words refuse to tell it. (Vanity Fair) 接着是楼下告别时的忙乱，当时的情形真是难以用言语形容。 2. This almost caused Jemima

10、 to faint with terror. “Well, I never,” said she, “What an audacious-” Emotion prevented her from completing either sentence. The carriage rolled away; the great gates were closed; the bell rang for the dancing lesson. The world is before the two young ladies; and so, farewell to Chiswick Mall. (Van

11、ity Fair) 吉米玛吓得差点晕过去，说道：“哎哟，我从来没有-好大的胆子-”她的感情起伏得太厉害，因此两句话都没有说完。马车走了，大铁门关上了；里面打起铃子准备上跳舞课。两个女孩子从此开始做人了。再见吧，琪斯克林荫道！3. His failure made a mockery of the teachers great efforts to help him. 由于他考试不及格，老师辅导他的一番心血白费了。9summary The skill of conversion in E-C translation is frequently used and its of great help

12、 in organizing a coherent and correct sentence in accordance with Chinese way of expression. However, we could never use the skill literally as we were taught in the previous chapter. It is only a strategy you may adopt if the literal translation of the words is absurd in the target language. And al

13、ways bear in mind that any technique or skill we learn in the course shouldnt be observed literally. Only through proper employment of them under proper condition can we achieve the perfect effect in translation.10In-class exercisesLocated next to the Richmond Country Club, these remarkable neighbor

14、hoods feature contemporary architecture plus unparalleled access to employment centers and recreational amenities, making Country Club Vista one of the most extraordinary values in the Bay Area.Even in these days, when divorce is so easy and family ties are supposed to be weak, it would probably be a mistake to under