【课件】非谓语动词讲解课件(定稿)

1、Nonfinite verbs非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时,这些动词就充当了非谓语动词.非谓语动词的非谓语不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a nounas adj. or adv.现在分词动名词过去分词非谓语动词 的分类非谓语动词的句法作用非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词高考热点一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语 不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及 评论性状语。 不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。（原因状语） e.g. She was surpr

2、ised to see Jim walk in. 看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。 不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性，在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。（目的状语） e.g. To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows. (3,4,6,8,14,23,) 不定式表结果，常用在too to, enough to结构中。 有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。(1,29) e.g. The child is old

3、 enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return. 有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在 句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。 e.g. I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth. To cut a long story short, we disagree. 长话短说，我们不同意。一、不

4、定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语 2. 现在分词做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方 式、目的以及作评论性状语等。 现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。(5,7,11,13,25) e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. 作原因状语： Living far from the school, I have to get up early in

5、 the morning. 作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示自然而然的结果。(28,30,31) e.g. The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动 作。（10） e.g. Following Tom, we started to climb. 我们跟随汤姆开始爬山。 She came riding a brand-new bike. 她骑着一辆崭新的自行车来的。 现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且 与主句间用逗号隔开。 e.g. Jan

6、e kept silent, trying not to show her feelings. 作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存 在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。 常见的有： generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来 roughly speaking大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说 judging from/ by由判断。 e.g. Judging from her accent, she must come from Australia. 3. 过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等

7、状语。 过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾， 有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。 Asked about his address, the boy didnt respond. Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. 作原因状语，常置于句首。 Infected with the H1N1, the little boy was separated from the other children. 作条件状语： United, we stand; divided, we fall. 合则立，分则败。 作伴随或方式状语：The pop

8、star hurried up to her car, followed by her fans.二、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语 （1）不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发 生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。 e.g. The train to arrive is from London He is always the first to come and the last to leave. （2）(14,15,16)2. 动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般 放在被修饰词的前面。 e.g. a washing machine （动名词做定语，= a machine w

9、hich is used for washing） 洗衣机 a reading room（动名词做定语，= a room which is used for reading） 阅览室3. 现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去 分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词 或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前 面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。 e.g. the rising sun（现在分词做定语，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳 the changing world（现在分词做定语，= the world which is changing

10、）变化中的世界 a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音 （形容词性分词作定语） fallen leaves 落叶 a broken cup 一个破了的杯子 （过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）三、不定式与动名词做主语：1. 动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为; 不定式 做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。 e.g. Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。 To visit China is my next goal. 2. 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不 定式短语后置。 e.g. It t

11、ook me only five minutes to finish the job.3. 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句 尾。常见于以下句型中： Its use/ good / fun Its useful/ nice/ useless Its nice seeing you again. 四、不定式与动名词做宾语：1. 下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan,

12、prepare, order, manage, promise, intend等。e.g. He agreed to get someone to help us. They promised not to break the school rules again. 决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used

13、 to do 被用来做 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事2. 在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语： admit, advise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, pra

14、ctice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devoteto, get down to, look forward to, ob

15、ject to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth. 花费做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 miss doing sth.

16、错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑 介词+doing 常考介词: at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做

17、某事 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样?此to 非彼to look forwar

18、d to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing （做贡献）特殊词精讲:to do doing remember forger (do在后) 要做（do在前）做过stop go on （两个字）两件事 （一个字）一件事likehatelove一次性 长期 try 尽力做 尝试做 startbegin一样

19、 一样 stop doing/to dostop to do停下来去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。Eg:他们停下来吸烟。 They stop to smoke.我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.forget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作） He forgot turning the light off

20、. forget doing/to do remember doing/to doremember to do 记得去做某事remember doing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。Remember to go to the post office after school. 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Dont you remember seeing the man before?go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。Eg：做完数学后，他接着去做物理。After he had finished his m

21、aths，he went on to do his physics. 做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.try doing/ to do sth.try to do sth. 努力, 尽力做某事Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .try doing sth. 试着做某事The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.五、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语

22、 1. 表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名 词可以互换。 e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. 2. 若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用 不定式。 e.g. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 3. 现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以 作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别 e.g. The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news六、不定式、现在分词、过去分

23、词做补足语 1. 在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语，“宾语+不定式”构成了复合宾语。 有些动词要求不定式不带to，有些要求必须带to，还有的带与不带都可以。 以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语： ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。e.g. The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. We wish him to remain and accept th

24、e post. 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to d

25、o sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 有些感官动词和使役动词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。 e.g. We noticed him enter the house. 我们留意到他进了那所房子。 The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板让他们一天干12小时工作。 省略to的情况:使役动词

26、和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have, / look at, see, watch, noticehad better （not）do sth. 最好(不)做why not /why dont you do sth为什么不做? help sb.（to）do sth Would rather宁愿做 would you please情态动词+do助动词+do2. 现在分词做补足语分两种情况： 形容词性质的现在分词作补足语： e.g. I find the book very interesting. 我发现这本书非常有趣。（宾语

27、补足语） The boy is found very annoying. 发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。（主语补足语） 动词性质的现在分词作补足语：感官动词和使役动 词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后可以跟表示动作性质的 现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。 e.g. I see him passing by a bank. 我看见他正经过一家银行。（宾语补足语） He was seen working in the garden. 有人看见

28、他正在花园里干活。（主语补足语）3. 过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。 若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）。 若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。 句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。 The boss found his plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (宾补) Thi

29、s song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主补)下面从二个方面来探究非谓语动词的解题方法：1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词题的做题技巧一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing 或不定式原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作

30、尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义。英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系， 故选 D。 2. _ th

31、is cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那

32、儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; climbing listen to do/doing 【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。用括号里的词的适当形式填空1. She wrote to the editor , _that the

33、 editor would be able to help her（ hope ）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare )4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep,ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的ing形式与谓语动

34、词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生，且前面不能用逗号。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析 此处用-i

35、ng 表示自然而然的结果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 8. He hurried to the booking office only _

36、 that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.9.

37、The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被 动式，因可排除 B 和 C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A.

38、opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析】of 后应接-ing，desks 与open and close 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。of11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes _upon her. A.

39、seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing seated; fixed D. seated; fixed a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.=I sat downfix ones eyes upon原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.12. Faced with a bill for $10,000，_. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job

40、C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John(be) faced withFaced with13. While watching television，_. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B ；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以选项

41、D 中的 rings 是错误的。watching原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式） 14._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. to be separated【解析】因为

42、Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。has15. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making【解析】因为 The manager 与 make 是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，having made . 相当于 who had

43、 made. 的意思。left16.Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do you know what country Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studyinghe studied in ?he will study in?he studies in?CABissb is said to do 据说原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是： 用不定式，表示动作尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.The

44、re will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait the meeting the day a

45、fter tomorrowvisitors19. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ThingsThe last onelose vt. lose sb/sth注：受 the first， the second . the last 修饰的名词或

46、代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。 You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二个犯这错误的人。原则一：用作目的状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-ing.原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/ to do ,区别是：-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，to do 表示非逻辑的结果。原则四:凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 如果动作尚未发生，则用

47、不定式的被动形式； 如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。二. 非谓语动词解题四大步骤（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _ many times , he still couldnt understand it

48、.Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC_A注意连词3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming. 4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.is B. to be C. being being E. It was F. beenCE注意标点符号二. 分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语

49、时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。怎么加?非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语，特别是当非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是主句的主语，若不然，则得加上自己的逻辑主语，这时就构成独立主格。一般说来,非谓语动词作定语时，逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词；作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语补足语之前的宾语；作表语、宾语或状语时，其逻辑主语通常为主句的主语, （二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She

50、is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 一般来说，非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语；非谓语动词作宾补,逻辑主语是宾语；非谓语动词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰词。分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。 _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B.

51、 Seeing C. To see D. SeeAB解析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A， 用过去分词表被动。 句2. 我们主动看.即表主动，故选B。（三）分析语态 take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.（四）分析时态1. The buil

52、ding _ now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _ last year is a restaurant.having been built be built C.being built D. built _C _B_D二. 找逻辑主语三、分析语态四、分析时态一. 辨别“谓与非谓”三. 非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态PracticeChallenge yourself! 1. A railway station is n

53、o place for a child _ alone at night.A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left2. We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not3. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.A. Keep B. Keepi