八年级英语译林版上册（考点剖析+典题精讲）+Unit+6+Natural+disasters

1、初中英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列三点剖析单词巧记典句考点 【经典例句】 She was injured badly in the accident.她在事故中受重伤。【考点聚焦】 by accident表示“偶然,无意中；不小心”；by accident of表示“因的原因；由于的运气”。如：I only found it by accident.我只是碰巧找到的。By accident of birth he is entitled to British citizenship.因出生的造化,他成为英国公民。【活学活用】 1.选择He had accident yesterday.Oh,wha

2、t ?A.a few;happenedB.a little;happenedC.a little;wrong答案：B【经典例句】 Do not wash dirty linen in public.家丑不可外扬。【考点聚焦】 1）英语中也有“洗手不干；断绝与的关系”这样的表达,即wash ones hands of sth.。2）注意wash与介词搭配时表达的不同意思。如：Wash the dirt off your hands before dinner.吃晚饭前把你双手上的污垢擦掉。（wash sth.off表示“洗掉”）The waves washed against the shore

3、.海浪拍打着海岸。By evening,I was washed out from overwork.到了傍晚,我被过多的工作累得筋疲力尽。（be washed out表示“活力耗尽,变得枯竭”）【活学活用】 2.根据汉语提示在空格上填上合适的英语单词,使句子完整昨天我妈妈花了一个小时的时间洗衣服。It my mother an hour the clothes yesterday.答案：took,to wash【经典例句】 The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.惟一可怕的乃是害怕本身。 Fear not the future;weep n

4、ot for the past.别为未来而恐惧,别为过去而哭泣。【考点聚焦】 短语for fear of sth.跟in case of意思相仿,都表示“为了避免,害怕”,请看例句：We spoke in low voice for fear of waking the baby/for fear (that) we might wake the baby.我们轻声谈话,以免吵醒婴儿。【巧记提示】 shake(摇动)snake(蛇)【经典例句】 His voice shook with fear.他害怕得声音发颤。【考点聚焦】 1)固定搭配：shake hands with sb.与某人握手2

5、）短语shake off表示“脱离,摆脱；使某人自己免除；除去”,如：We shook off our fears. 我们摆脱了恐惧。【巧记提示】 direct(v.指向)+-ion(名词后缀)【经典例句】 Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.汤姆朝一个方向走,哈里则朝另一个方向走。【考点聚焦】 其动词形式为direct。【经典例句】 It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷们平静下来是很困难的。【考点聚焦】 calm也可以作及物动词,请看例句： The nurs

6、e calmed the little boy by giving him some candy.保育员给那小男孩一些糖果,使他安静下来了。【巧记提示】 trap (圈套,陷阱)trip(旅行)【经典例句】 The police set a trap to catch the thief.警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。【考点聚焦】 其被动语态是trap,如：She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。【巧记提示】 moment(片刻)movement(运动)【经典例句】 Id like to speak to you for a moment

7、.我想和你谈一会儿。【考点聚焦】 有关moment的短语有很多,请看例句并掌握它们的用法。Ill be back in a moment.我一会儿就回来。（in a moment表示“立刻”）My job is not a very glamorous one but it does have its moments.我的工作虽不算十分吸引人,但也自有其乐趣所在。（have ones moment,have ones day都表示“走红时,得意时”,英语中有谚语说Every dog has his day.即“谁都有得意的时候。”）【活学活用】 3.选择We hadnt met for 20

8、years,but I recognized her I saw her.A.the momentB.for the momentC.the moment when D.at the moment when答案：A【巧记提示】 hurry(匆忙的) worry（焦急的）【经典例句】 They who live in a worry invite death in a hurry.生多愁苦,其死必速。【考点聚焦】 请看例句并掌握hurry作动词时的用法。Hurry up and get readywere waiting!快点准备好我们在等着呢！（hurry up是催促人们“快点,赶紧做”）【经

9、典例句】 The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.医生让我好好休息。【考点聚焦】 与advise相关的常用固定搭配有advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事;advise sb.of sth.把某事报告（通知）某人；advise sb.against sth./doing sth.建议某人不要做某事。请看例句：They advised her against marrying quickly.他们劝她不要太快结婚。Keep me advised of the progress of the matter.让我知道事情的进展情况。

10、【活学活用】 4.单句改错She advised me wearing my best clothes.答案：wearingto wear【经典例句】 I warned them that there might be snakes in the woods.我提醒他们树林里可能有蛇。【考点聚焦】 warn的用法与advise相近,请看例句： He warned us against pickpockets.他告诉我们要小心扒手。（warn sb.against sth./doing sth.）We warned them not to go skating on such thin ice.

11、我们告诫他们不要在这样薄的冰上溜冰。They were warned of the danger of skating on such thin ice.有人警告他们,在这样薄的冰上溜冰很危险。【巧记提示】 order(命令)older（年长的）【经典例句】 The chairman ordered silence.主席要大家安静。【考点聚焦】 1）order作及物动词时是“订购；点菜”的意思。如：Would you like to order some more coffee？你要不要再来点咖啡?2）order作不及物动词时,后面可以跟不定式。如：The policeman ordered

12、the motorist to stop.警察指示让那开车的人停车。3）order作名词时,有一些固定的短语需要记忆,如：In order to catch the train,she hurried through her work.为了赶火车,她匆匆做完了她的工作。（in order to do sth.）【活学活用】 5.改写句子,使上下两句话的意思保持不变She hurried through her work so as to catch the train.She hurried through her work catch the train.答案：in order to【经典例

13、句】 Dust covered the table.Snow covered the ground.灰尘布满桌面,雪覆盖了地面。【考点聚焦】 cover作“覆盖”讲时,常与with连用。如：She covered the table with a cloth.她用一块布把桌子罩起来。【巧记提示】 hit(打)hot(热)【经典例句】 The bullet hit him in the chest.子弹击中了他的胸膛。【考点聚焦】 hit可以跟介词against搭配使用。如：She hit her hand against the wall.她用手捶着墙壁。短语巧记典句考点try ones be

14、st to do sth.尽力做某事【经典例句】 Ive tried my best to make you see,theres hope beyond the pain.我已竭力使你明白,痛苦的彼岸就是希望。【考点聚焦】 try to do sth.与manage to do sth.的区别：try to do sth.指花费精力去做某事,但含有成功的可能性不大或者没有成功的意思。manage to do sth.意思是“设法做到”,指花费精力使某事终于做成功,相当于succeed in dong sth.，常接不定式作宾语。如：One girl tried to call her mum

15、 with her mobile phone but there was no signal in the mountain area.一个女孩想用移动电话呼叫她的妈妈,但山区没有信号。He managed to keep an earnest expression on his face even though he wanted to smile.尽管他想笑,可还是努力在脸上保持着一副真诚的样子。句子剖析拓展I did not even know where I was.我甚至不知道我在哪里。【剖析】 这是一个由特殊疑问词where引导的宾语从句。【拓展】 引导宾语从句的特殊疑问词有：wh

16、en,where,how,why,who,whom,whose,what,which等。如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,就需用原来的疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗？I dont know who bought the present for me.Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗？People ran wildly as pieces of glass and bricks fell down.当玻璃碎片和砖头掉落时，人们疯狂

17、地到处乱跑。【剖析】 这是一个由as引导的时间状语从句。【拓展】 as引导的时间状语从句,常译为“当的时候,一边一边”。在as引导的从句中可使用延续性动词,也可使用非连续性动词。如：He sang as he was working.他一边工作一边唱歌。As time goes by,we have a better understanding of things around us.随着时间的推移,我们对自己周围的事物有了更好的理解。语法剖析过去进行时概念过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always,continually,co

18、nstantly等动词连用。如：We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.The sun was setting.过去进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及其简短回答形式如下：肯定句I was having dinner.You(We,They)were having dinner.He(She) was having dinner.否定句I was not having dinner.You(We,They)were not having dinner.He(She)was not having dinner.疑问句Was

19、I having dinner?Were you (we,they)having dinner?Was he(she) having dinner?简短回答Yes,I was.Yes,you(we,they)were.Yes,he(she) was.No,I was not.No,you(we,they) were not.No,he(she) was not.典题精讲经典题型例1 all the passengers are here,why dont we start at once?A.As soon asB.AfterC.Now thatD.When思路解析：由后面句子的意思“为什么不

20、立即出发呢？”可推断前面的内容应该是“既然全部乘客都到了”,所以此题答案是C。黑色陷阱：这是一个原因状语从句,如果误以为是时间状语从句就错了。例2 Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see .A.who is heB.who he isC.who is itD.who it is思路解析：本题考查的是特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,要用陈述语气。又因为在口语中经常用it指代不明身份的人,所以此题答案是D。黑色陷阱：1)首先,看不到对方的人,跟电话中的说法类似：Who is that speaking?所以要用it,而不用he。从这一点可以判断不能选A和B。

21、2）从句中要用正常语序,所以原来独立疑问句中的主谓倒置现象就不应该再出现（除非从句为直接引语）。从这一点可以判断不能选A和C。例3 I was reading a newspaper he came in.A.as soon as B.sinceC.while D.when思路解析：最具迷惑性的选项是C,while和when都可以表示“当的时候”,但while后连接的动词是可延续性动词。比如这句话,如果改成：He came in while I was reading.也是完全可以的。此题答案是D。绿色通道：when和while引导的时间状语从句的区别：1）when引导的时间状语从句,既可表示

22、某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。2）while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例4 Linda was just going out shopping the telephone rang.A.whileB.whenC.afterD.because 思路解析：句子的意思是“当琳达正要出去买东西的时候,电话响了”。可知道动作是同时发生的,所以不可以选择C、D两项。又因为ring是延续性动作,所

23、以不可以选择A。绿色通道：连词：when,while,as它们都表示“当时候”。如果主句和从句的动作同时发生且都是进行时态,只用while,as；其他情况下when,while,as通用。如：When he came in,I was listening to the radio.他进来时,我正在听收音机。As I was wandering in the street,I met her.我在大街上转悠时,遇上了她。While/As I was watching TV,my mum was cooking in the kitchen.我在看电视的时候,妈妈在厨房做饭。例5 You should make a good plan you do anything important.A.beforeB.afterC.thoughD.until 思路解析：根据句子的意思“在你做任何重要事情之前,你最好作一个计划”,根据句子的意思,可知道 A符合。绿色通道：连词before,