起重安全专业培训全英文版Cranes

1、起重安全专业培训全英文版CranesMajor Causes of Crane Accidents Contact with power lines Overturns Falls Mechanical failures2Instability unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not level or too soft Lack of communication - the point of operation is a distance from the crane operator or not in full view

2、of the operatorLack of trainingInadequate maintenance or inspectionHow Do Accidents Occur?3Who is at RiskOperatorsPersons at Crane Site4DefinitionsCrane Consists of a rotating structure for lifting and lowering horizontally on rubber tires or crawler treadsHoist - Used to lift and lower load.Boom An

3、 inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting tackleBoom stops A device used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest positionBrake To slow or stop motion by friction or power Block Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook, eye and strapJib Extension attached to the

4、 boom point to provide added boom length for lifting specified loads.5Crane Parts6Types of CranesMobileHydraulicOverheadGantryTower7Improper load ratingExcessive speedsNo hand signalsInadequate inspection and maintenanceUnguarded partsUnguarded swing radiusCrane HazardsWorking too close to power lin

5、esImproper exhaust systemShattered windowsNo steps/guardrails walkwaysNo boom angle indicatorNot using outriggers8Planning Before Start-UpLevel the crane and ensure support surface is firm and able to support the loadContact power line owners and determine precautions. Know the location and voltage

6、of overhead power lines. Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and job site restrictions, such as the location of power lines, unstable soil, or high winds. Make other personnel aware of hoisting activities.Barricade areas within swing radius.Ensure proper maintenance and inspections.Determi

7、ne safe areas to store materials and place machinery.9Competent PersonThe competent person must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition. If it needs fixing, take it out of service and dont use it until it is fixedBrokenTra

8、ck10Load Capacity - Speed - WarningsMake sure the crane operator can see the: Rated Load Capacities Operating Speeds Special Hazard Warning or InstructionLoad Rating Chart11Know the Weight of the LoadRefer to shipping ticket or other documentationEnsure lift calculations are correctEnsure load is wi

9、thin load chart rating for boom length and load radius of craneCrane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift12Load Limiting FactorsNot level WindSide loadsOn its wheelsLifting over the sideUse of

10、extensions, jibs and other attachmentsLimits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices13Mobile Cranes Lifting PrinciplesCenter of GravityLeverageStabilityStructural Integrity14Load Example 30 ton crane Will lift 60,000 pounds at 10 feet from the center pin of the craneBased on level surface, no wind,

11、 and outriggers fully extendedAt 25 feet from the center pin with an 80 foot boom, the capacity is only 14,950 poundsAt 74 feet from the center pin, the capacity is only 4,800 pounds15Improper LoadImproper loads or speeds can result in the tipping of the crane16Improper Load17Improper Load18Stay cle

12、ar from power lines at least 10 feet Power Lines19An illustration of the signals must be posted at the job siteHand Signals20Guard Moving PartsUnguarded Chain DriveGuard moving parts such as gears or belts21Swing RadiusSwing RadiusStay out of the swing radius of the crane Make sure there are barrier

13、 guards showing swing radius22Operator VisibilityBroken WindowMake sure broken windows or other obstructions do not prevent the operator from seeing23LaddersLadder Use ladders to get to the upper portion of the cab24GuardrailsRunways and steps need to have guardrails, handholds and slip resistant su

14、rfaces25Suspended Loads Dont stand under suspended loads26Boom Angle IndicatorA boom angle indicator must be on the crane27Supporting SurfaceCranes must be on a firm supporting surface and level within 1 percent28The grooves must be smooth and free from surface defects which could cause rope damageS

15、heaves29Rigging Equipment SlingsTypes of slings include alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and synthetic web.ChainWire ropeMetal meshSynthetic30Annual InspectionsInspection of the hoisting machinery must be made by a competent personThe employer must maintain

16、a record of these inspectionsCrane wasnt inspectedand tipped over31What to InspectCorrect air pressure and no leaksTires properly inflatedClearance for tail swingWire rope wearPhysical damage to craneLoose or missing hardware, nuts, or boltsFluid leaks32Remove From ServiceImmediately remove damaged or defective slings from service33Damaged wire ropeBroken StrandsDamaged wire rope