英文词汇和语法讲解

1、英文词汇和语法讲解Section APeriod 2 (3a-4c)Read the words and expressions loudly.the Himalayasthe Amazon Riverachievement n.southwestern adj.thick adj.include v.freezing adj.condition n.take in 喜马拉雅山脉亚马逊河成就；成绩西南的；西南方向的厚的；浓的包括；包含冻冰的；结冰的条件；状况吸入；吞入（体内）succeed v.challenge v. n.in the face of achieve v.force n.na

2、ture n.even though ocean n. the Pacific Ocean实现目标；成功挑战；考验面对（问题、困难等）达到；完成；成功力；力量自然界；大自然=even if 即使；虽然大海；海洋太平洋 Free Talk Do you like mountain climbing? Do you know the most popular places to go for it?One of the most popular places to go for mountain climbing is the Himalayas.the Himalayas 在喜马拉雅山脉之中，海

3、拔在7000米以上的高峰有50多座，8000米以上的有16座，著名的有南峰、希夏邦马峰、干城章嘉峰。“喜马拉雅”在藏语中就是“冰雪之乡”的意思。这里终年冰雪覆盖，一座座冰峰如倚天的宝剑，一条条冰川像蜿蜒的银蛇。其中最为高耸的则是位于中国和尼泊尔边界上的珠穆朗玛峰，它以高达米的高度，是世界最高峰。 珠穆朗玛峰(Qomolangma)，简称珠峰，又译作圣母峰，尼泊尔称为萨加马塔峰，也叫“埃非勒斯峰”（Everest），位于中华人民共和国和尼泊尔交界的喜马拉雅山脉之上，终年积雪。高度米，为世界第一高峰，中国最美的、令人震撼的十大名山之一。 珠峰所在的喜马拉雅山地区原是一片海洋，在漫长的地质年代，从陆

4、地上冲刷来大量的碎石和泥沙，堆积在喜马拉雅山地区，形成了这里厚达3万米以上的海相沉积岩层。以后，由于强烈的造山运动，使喜马拉雅山地区受挤压而猛烈抬升，据测算，平均每一万年大约升高2030米，直至如今，喜马拉雅山区仍处在不断上升之中。 3aRead the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Spirit of climbersAchievements of climbersFacts and dangersMark True (T) or False (F).

5、 1. It is very dangerous to climb Qomolangma. 2. The first people to reach the top were Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1955. 3. The first Chinese woman to succeed in 1960. 4. It shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.T F F T Ask and answer.1. What a mount

6、ain is Himalayas?2. Why is it dangerous to climb Qomolangma?3. When did the first Chinese reach the top of Qomolangma?3bRead the article again and complete the chart.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 13List four dangers for climbersList three achievementsList four comparisonsthick clouds1953-Tenzing N

7、orgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to reach the topmost dangerous sportvery highit can snow harefreezing weather conditionsheavy stormsvery hard to breathe as you get near the top1960-The first Chinese team reached the top1975- Junko Tabei from Japan was the first woman to reach the topmost pop

8、ular place highestmost famousmore serious difficultiesstronger than the forces of natureRead the article and underline the words that show comparisons. the most dangerous, the most popular places, the highest and the most famous, more serious, stronger3cAnswer the questions using information from th

9、e article.1. Where are the Himalayas?2. How high is Qomolangma?The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China.Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.3. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous?4. What does the spirit of the climbers tell us?Because they want t

10、o challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.The spirit of the climbers tells us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.1953年5月29日，34岁来自新西兰的登山家埃德蒙希拉里（Edmund Hillary）作为英国登山队队员与39岁的尼泊尔向导丹增诺尔盖Tenzing Norgay 一起沿东南山脊路线登上珠穆朗玛峰，是纪录上第一个登顶成功的登山队伍。 1960年5月25日，中华人民共和国人首次登上珠穆朗玛峰。他们是王富洲、

11、贡布（藏族）、屈银华。此次攀登，也是首次从北坡攀登成功。 1960年，我国首次登上地球之颠的3名英雄。1975年5月16日，日本人田部井淳子的从南坡登上了珠峰。 1975年5月27日，中国登山队的藏族女队员潘多成为世界上第一个从北坡登上珠穆朗玛峰的女性。 珠穆朗玛峰，峰高势伟，地理环境独特，峰顶的最低气温常年在零下34。山上一些地方常年积雪不化，冰川、冰坡、冰塔林到处可见。峰顶空气稀薄，空气的含氧量只有东部平原地区的四分之一，经常刮七八级大风。十二级大风也不少见。风吹积雪，四溅飞舞，弥漫天际。 2008年5月8日，中国登山队圣火传递珠穆朗玛峰突击队员，成功地把圣火从8300米突击队营地传递到了

12、珠穆朗玛峰峰顶，创造了人类奥运历史上的奇迹。 It is meters high (long, wide). 它米高（长,宽) 英语表示“有多长（宽，高）”时，一般将数词和数量单位放在表示长、宽、高的形容词前作状语。Language points例如：The maintain is more than three thousand meters high. 这座山高三千多米。It is only 380,000 kilometers away. 它离我们只有三十八万公里。The Green Great Wall is 7,000 kilometers long. 这座绿色长城长7,000公里。

13、freezing adj.冻结的; 冰冻的; 极冷的Its freezing outside now. 现在外面冷极了。Its very cold today, the temperature has dropped to freezing point. 今天很冷, 温度降到了冰点。 freeze v. 冻结；冷冻；僵硬；凝固Water freezes at the temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. 水在摄氏零度结冰。 We ate some of the fruits and froze the rest. 我们吃了一些水果,把剩下的冷藏起来。知识拓展fro

14、zen既是freeze的过去分词形式，也可用作形容词，表示“冷冻的”。 These frozen foods are the most convenient of all. 这些冷冻食品是最为方便。应用英译汉 above / over freezing 零度以上 freezing weather 很冷的天气 be frozen to death 被冻死 give sb. a freezing cold 冷冷地看某人一眼 freezing machine 制冷机 frozen meat 冻肉 Im frozen, so I cant write. 我冻坏了，不能写东西了。 Im freezing

15、, so Ive to put on a heavy coat. 我觉得冷极了，我得穿件厚大衣。 thick adj.1. 浓的, 浓厚的; 粘稠的; 混浊的It is dangerous to drive in a thick fog. 在浓雾天驾车很危险。2. 厚的; 粗的How thick is the board? 这块木板有多厚?4aFill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.bigmuchpopularlongoldhigh1. The Amazon River is one of the _

16、rivers in the world.Its a little _ than the Yangtze River.2. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters _. Its one of the most _ places for serious mountain climbers.longestlongerhighpopular3. No ocean in the world is as _ as the Pacific Ocean.4. Although Japan is _ than Canada, it is _ smaller.bigmuchpopularlon

17、goldhighbigoldermuch形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 大多数形容词有三个级。 原级: 常用结构as . as . 像一样 Zhang Hong is as tall as Tom. 张红和汤姆一样高。 2) 比较级 (用于两者之间的比较)常用结构：形容词比较级than . He is taller than I. 他比我高。 Grammar 3) 最高级(用于三者或三者以上的比较),常用结构: the + 形容词的最高级of / in . He is the tallest of the three. 他是这三个人中最高的。 He is the funniest in his

18、class. 他是他们班最有趣的。 2. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化 1) 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级er ， 最高级est 如： clevercleverercleverest fewfewerfewest smallsmallersmallest等。 2) 以e结尾的词，比较级r，最高级st 即可。 如：nicenicernicest cutecutercutest largelargerlargest 3) 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为ier或est 如: easyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest 再

19、如：early, busy, heavy, dirty, lazy也如此。 4) 双写最后一个辅音字母er 或 est的词,同学要用心去记。 fatfatterfattest thinthinnerthinnest hothotterhottest redredderreddest wetwetterwettest bigbiggerbiggest 5) 多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前more构成比较级，the most构成最高级。如： beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful 又如: delicious, popular, import

20、ant, interesting, expensive, creative双音节的词如: careful more careful the most careful useful more useful the most useful 少数单音节词也是这样，如： pleased more pleased the most pleased tiredmore tired the most tired b) 不规则变化： good better best well better best badworse worst many, much more most far farther farthes

21、t (距离远) far further furthest (程度深) old elder eldest (长幼) old older oldest (年龄) Choose the best answer.1. My brother is _ more outgoing than me. A. many B. little C. much2. October 12th was one of _ days in 2005. Shenzhou-VI was launched (发射） successfully. A. exciting B. more exciting C. the most exc

22、iting3. Which city is _, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. the most beautiful4. _ children there are in a family, _ their life will be. A. The less, the better B. Fewer, richer C. The fewer, the better5. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _ than before. A. c

23、heap B. cheaper C. the cheapest6. In our city, its _ in July, but its even _ in August. A. hotter, hottest B. hot, hot C. hot, hotter7. Of the two skirts, the pink one is _. A. the nicest B. the nicer C. nicer8. Jacks handwriting is as _ as Mikes. A. good B. better C. best9. We can do the work bette

24、r with _ money and _ people. A. little, few B. less, fewer C. fewer, less10. Jim is the tallest student in our class and Tom is the second _ one. A. tall B. taller C. tallest4bWrite two comparisons about two topics. Write true facts.e.g. Two river: _ and _Two cities: _ and _1. _2. _the Yangtze River

25、the Amazon RiverThe Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River.The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the longest river in China. Singapore Kuala LumpurKuala Lumpur is as modern as Singapore.Singapore is bigger than Kuala Lumpur and has a larger population than Kuala Lumpur.Two animals: _ and _1. _2. _Monkey DogA dog is bigger than a monkey.A monkey is smaller than a dog, but it climbs a tree faster