Book7_U2_语法

1、 第 PAGE 3 页 共 NUMPAGES 3 页 连系动词【定义】连系动词是用来连接句子主语和表示该主语所处状态的成分的动词。最常用的连系动词是“to be (be/am/is/are/was/were/been)”，还有appear, seem, prove, keep, stay, remain, feel, smell, sound, taste, look, turn, go, fall, grow, get 和become等。【要点】连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么

2、样。连系动词不用被动语态，一般不用进行时，作非谓语动词时，也没有被动形式。类型常见连系动词否定式特征和作用状态be直接在be动词后加not表示主语状态持续keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand用助动词 do；does；did帮助构成表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度表像seem, appear, look,“看起来像”的一种状况或态度感官feel, smell, sound, taste,表示存在或具有某种特征或状态变化become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run由一种情况或状态变成另一种情况或状态终止prove, t

3、urn out主语已终止某种特征或状态分类讲解：1. 状态系动词通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等。主要是be动词。主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。My father is an engineer. 我爸爸是工程师。 （is与an engineer一起说明主语的身份。）特别要注意由“be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构”与由“be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语。后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导

4、的介词短语。如：The door was closed. （状态）The door was closed by me.（动作）还要注意由“be+ V-ing”所构成的系表结构与由“be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。 前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态，也可说明主语是什么。后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如：My job is teaching English. （状态）Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now. （动作）2. 持续系动词表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词，后面接表示状态的形容词或名词。主要有keep, rest,

5、remain, stay, lie, stand等。 如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3. 表像系动词表示判断的系动词有look, seem和appear。look 后接形容词，或look like后接名词，look as if 从句。 seem和appear后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4. 感官系

6、动词表示人体感官的系动词有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容词；如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5. 变化系动词表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，come，fall等，后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词，become后面接单数名词时，名词前要用不定冠词，turn后面接单数名词时，名词前不用不定冠词；如：He became mad after that.

7、 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6. 终止系动词表示主语已终止某种特征或状态，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）特别注意1系动词的固定搭配常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin等。2某些动

8、词既可以做系动词，又可以做实意动词The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.（这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。此句中，taste做系动词，不能使用进行时，后面接形容词。）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。此句中，taste做实意动词，可以使用进行时，并且后面接副词做状语。） 【巩固练习】从所给的连系动词中选出合适的填空，注意用其正确形式：turn prove remain taste grow sound go fall taste stay seem1. Th

9、e cakes, which came to the market last week, _ good, are well received.2. I wish all my friends could _ healthy and young forever.3. He _ ill soon after he came back from Australia.4. Havent seen you for ages. Youve _ much taller.5. If you always eat fast food, vegetables may not _ delicious to you.

10、6. Little of the original architecture _ after the fire.7. His theory later _ true.8. The boy will _ mad if his mother doesnt allow him to play computer games.9. He devoted all his spare time to writing and later _ writer.10. Now it _ very common for families to spend a lot of time apart.【答案解析】1. ta

11、sting 尝起来，感官动词不用被动。 2. stay 保持健康和年轻 3. fell 生病 4. grown 长高 5. taste 尝起来 6. remains 剩下7. proved 证明是8. go 变（疯、馊等）9. turned 成为，后接名词不加冠词。10. seems 好像【高考连接】1. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 2006 全国A. was feltB. is feltC. feltD. feels2. It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals. 2006 浙江A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see3. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. 2004 上海 A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt4. Happy birthday, Alice!