5.16非演绎题上归纳解释20题karismas

1、Must be true（12 题）26. When a polygraph judged inconclusive, this is no reflection on the examinee.Rather, such a judgment means t the tess failed to show whether the examineewas truthful or untruthful. Nevertheless, employers will sometimes refuse to hire a job applicant because of an inconclusive p

2、olygraph test result.逻辑链：F1:当测谎仪的判断不确定时，反映不出测谎者F2:这种判断意味着这个测试判断不出测谎者说没说谎F3:但招聘者有时还是会因为不确定的测谎结果雇用逻辑思路：几个信息的交叉点集中在不确定的测谎结果上。Which of the following above?s can most properly be drawn from the information(A) Most examinees with inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.大多数有不确定的测试者事实上都是不

3、诚实的，题目中无法推出，无关(B) Polygraph tests should not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants.雇主不应该在招聘时用测谎，交叉点确定测谎结果，该选项说的是测谎，无关(C) An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly held against the examinee.正确，不确定的测谎结果有的时候对测试这，因为可能本身是诚实的但却会因为没有而被，所以有失公平，关键字也是不确定的测谎结果(D) A polyg

4、raph test indicating mistaken.t an examinee is untruthful can sometimes be测谎有的时候显示测试者说谎是错误的，题目交叉点是不确定，这个选项说的是测谎，无关(E) Some employers e refused to consider the results of polygraph tests whenevaluating job applicants.一些雇主招聘时考虑测谎结果，题目交叉点是不确定，这个选项说的是雇主，无关54. The fewer restrictions there are on the adve

5、rtising of legal servi, the morelawyers there are who advertise their servi, and the lawyers who advertise aspecific service usually charge less for t service n the lawyers who do notadvertise. Therefore, if the s one against advertisements e removes any of its current restrictions, such as the t do

6、 not specify fee arrangements, overall consumerlegal costs will be lower 逻辑链：n if the se retains its current restrictions.F1：合法服务的限制越少，越多的律师给自己的服务打F2：打的律师比不打的律师少F3：如果国家解除限制，比如限制没有明确安排的，整体的消费者法律成本会比有限制的时候低逻辑思路：几个信息的交叉点在给服务打上If the sements above are true, which of the following must be true?(A) Some l

7、awyers who now advertise will charge more for specific servi if they donove to specify fee arrangements he advertisements.一些打的律师会如果不需要在里明确服务就会收的钱，一些律师不能说明所有的情况，而且题目中说的是限制越少，越少，无关(B) More consumers will use legal servi if there are fewer restrictions on theadvertising of legal servi.如果合法服务的限制变少的话，的消费

8、者会用合法的服务，题目交叉点在打服务上，这个选项说的是消费者，无关(C) If the restriction against advertisements t do not specify fee arrangements isremoved, more lawyers will advertise their servi.正确，如果限制没有明确安排的解除，的律师会去打服务，就会变低(D) If more lawyers advertise lowri for specific servi, some lawyers who donot advertise will also charge

9、less n they currently charge for those servi.如果的律师给指定服务打更低价钱的，一些不打的律师会比现在收指定服务更少的钱，题目中一些律师和指定服务都是有限制的，不能说明所有的律师和所有的服务，无关(E) If the only restrictions on the advertising of legal servi were those t apply toevery type of advertising, most lawyers would advertise their servi.如果唯一的限制是那些适用于所有类型的，大多是律师就会给自

10、己的服务打，题目中没有提到这种限制，无关60. Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes acountrys ability to compete in the ernational marketplace. Both are requiredsimultaneously sintandards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits andtrade can be balanced by means of a d

11、ecline in a countrys standard of living.逻辑链：F1：既不是上升的生活标准也不是平衡的交易独自让国家有能力在世界市场上竞争 F2：两个同时需要，因为增加的贸易赤字会提高生活标准，降低的生活标准会平衡贸易逻辑思路：题目的交叉点是同时平衡贸易和上升生活标准If the facts sed he passage above are true, a proper test of a countrys ability tobe competitive is its ability to(A) balance its trade while its standard

12、 of living rises正确，题目交叉点balance its trade while its standard of living falls生活标准应该是提高increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises应该是平衡贸易decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls应该是平衡贸易和提高生活标准(E) kets standard of living constant while trade deficits rise应该是平衡贸易和提高生活标准66

13、. To protect certain fledgling industries, the ernment of Country Z bannedimports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries inZ, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those ind

14、ustries to compete effectively export markets.逻辑链：heirF1：为了保护没有经验的产业，Z 决定进口这些企业要生产的产品F2：直接结果是，一些出口产业要买这些产品导致成本增加，限制了他们在出口市场的竞争力逻辑思路：这个题目的交叉点是进口的产品WhichofthefollowingsaboountryZsadverselyaffectedexport-dependent industries is best supported by the passage?(A) Profit margins hose industries were not h

15、igh enough to absorb the rise in costsmentioned above.正确，出口产业的利润不够承受成本的增加，因为进口后，出口产业只能买比进口贵的产品，增加成本，但是市场价却不能变(B) Those industries had to contend with the fact from Country Z.其他国家 K 的产品，与题目无关t other countries banned imports(C) Those industriecceeded in expanding the domestic market for their products

16、.出口产业成功扩大国内市场，题目信息没有说明，无关(D) Steps to offset rising materials costs by decreasing labor costs were taken hoseindustries.出口产业通过降低工人工资来降低成本，题目交叉点是进口产品，无关(E) Those industries started to move judged unprofitable.o export markets t they had previously出口产业开始出口以前认为不能获利的市场，题目交叉点是进口产品，无关91. Environmentalist:

17、 The commiser of the Fish and Game Authority would e tthe public beve t increases he number of marine fish caught demonstrate this resource is no longer endangered. This is a specious argument, as unsound as itwould be to assert t the ever-increasing rate at which rain forests are being cutdown demo

18、nstrates a lack of danger to t resource. The real cause of the increasedfish-catch is a greater efficiency in using technologies 逻辑链：t deplete resour.F1：委员认为marine fish 的捕鱼量增加说明他们不再濒危F2：这个想法是没有根据的，就像是认为雨林砍伐的数量减少就说明他们不再稀缺 F3：捕鱼量增加的真正原因是用来耗尽资源的技术效率提高逻辑思路：这个题目信息的交叉点是捕鱼量增加The environmentalists s?ements,

19、 if true, best support which of the following as a(A) The use of technology is the reason for the increasing encroa nature.ent of people on技术的使用是越来越多人类自然的原因，和捕鱼没有关系，无关(B) It is sible to determine how many fish are he sea in some way other n bycatching fish.决定有多少与在海里的方法除了捕鱼还有很多种，和捕鱼没有关系，无关(C) The pro

20、portion of marine fish t are caught is as high as the proportion of rainforest trees t are cut down each year.捕鱼的比例和被砍的雨林的比例每年一样高，题目中只是举雨林的例子说明 marine还是很，没有比较数量，无关(D) Modern technologies waste resour by catching inedible fish.现在技术捕不能吃的鱼是浪费资源，题目讲的是marine fish，无关(E) Marine fish continue to be an endan

21、gered resource.正确，marine 的捕鱼量增加是因为技术的提高，但是技术会耗尽资源103. For a trade embargo against a particular country to succeed, a high degree ofboth ernational accord and ability to prevent goods from entering or leaving tcountry must be sustained. A total blockade of Patrias ports is nesary to anembargo, but su

22、ch an action would be likely to cause embargo.逻辑链：ernational discord over theF1：要成功限制一个国家的贸易，很大程度上维际协议和商品出入那个国家F2：Patria 港口的对于限制贸易是必须的，但是这个行为可能引起国际对于限制贸易的不一致逻辑思路：这个题目的交叉点是限制贸易The claims above, if true, most strongly support which of the following s?(A) The balance of opinion is likely to favor Patri

23、a he event of a blockade.一个平衡的观点可能倾向于 Patria 港口，与限制贸易无关(B) As long as ernational opinion is unanimously against Patria, a trade embargo islikely to succeed.只要国际观点对Patria 的观点一致，贸易限制就可能成功，F1 说的是要维际协出，Patria 只是一个必要的条件议和(C) A naval blockade of Patrias ports would ensure t no goods enter or leave Patria.

24、 Patria 港口保证没有商品 Patria，题目说的是港口只是必要条件(D) Any trade embargo against Patria would be likely to fail at some time.正确，任何一个限制Patria 的贸易都可能失败，因为 Patria 可能会引起国际争端，但是国际协议对于限制贸易的成功很重要，所以 Patria 的限制贸易可能会失败(E) For a blockade of Patrias ports to be sucunanimous.sful, ernational opinion must be Patria 港口要成功，国际观点

25、必须一致，没有说是一致还是一致支持，无关104. Theater Critic: The play La Finestrina, now at Central Theater, was written in Italyhe eighteenth century. The director claims t this production is as similar to theoriginal production as is sible in a modern theater. Although the actor who playsHarlequhe clown gives rforman

26、ce very reminiscent of the twentieth-centuryAmerican comedian Groucho Marx, Marxs comic style was very much withhe comicacting tradition 逻辑链：d begun in sixteenth-century Italy.F1：现在在Central Theater 的戏剧La 在 18 世纪写于意大利 F2：导演认为La 和现代喜剧的原始很像F3：尽管演员表演的和 20 世纪喜剧演员Marx 很像，Marx 的喜剧风格是属于开始于 16 世纪的意大利传统风格的逻辑思

27、路：这个题目的交叉点是La 的喜剧风格The considerations given best serve as part of an argument t(A) modern audien would find it hard to tolerate certain characteristics of ahistorically accurate performance of an eighteenth-century play现代的观众发现很难忍受 18 世纪表演的人物特征，观众和题目无关(B) Groucho Marx once performed the part of the c

28、haracter Harlequin in La FinestrinaMarx 曾经表演La 的角色，重复题目信息(B)he United Ses the training of actors he twentieth century is based onprinciples t do not differ radically from those t underlay the training ofactors in eighteenth-century Italy20 世纪演员的训练和 18 世纪意大利演员的训练一样，和La 无关(C) the performance of the ac

29、tor who plays Harlequin in La Finestrina does not serveas evidence against the director正确，La 演员的表演不能作为证据导演的观点，La20 世纪的表演和 16世纪的表演很像，支持了导演的观点 (D) the director of La Finestrina musve advised the actor who plays Harlequom his performance on comic performan of Groucho MarxLa 的导演一定让演员去模仿Marx，题目中没有信息表示，无关

30、105. The cost of producing radios in Country Q is 10 percent less n the cost ofproducing radios in Country Y. Even after transporion fees and tariff charges areadded, it is still cher for a company to import radios from Country Q to Country Yn to produce radios in Country Y.逻辑链：F1：Q 的radio 生产成本比Y 的少

31、 10%F2：甚至加了费和关税之后，Y 从Q 进口radio 比Y 自己生产便宜逻辑思路：Q 的radio 比Y 便宜The sements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions?Labor costs in Country Q are 10 percent below those in Country Y.Q 的工人成本比 Y 少 10%，题目只是说 Q 的 radio 比 Y 便宜 10%，工人成本不知道Importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will

32、eliminate 10 percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y.从Q 进口radio 到Y 会减少Y10%岗位，无关The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less n 10 percentof the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Y.正确，从Q 到Y 的费小于Y 生产成本的 10%，因为加了费和关税后，从Q 进口到Y 仍然比Y 自己生产便宜(D) The fee for transporting

33、a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more n 10percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Q.从Q 到Y 的费比Q 的radio 制造 10%，与C 相反，与题目相反(E) It takes 10 percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q Country Y.Q 制造radio 的时间比Y 少 10%，题目关注的是成本，无关n it does in48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&00

34、7550)Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directlyo the eggs of various host insects in exactlythe right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.If they laid too many eggs in ahost egg, the develo wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid,

35、portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.逻辑链：F1：wasp放自己合适数量的蛋在不同尺寸的昆虫蛋里面 F2：如果wasp放的蛋太多，wasp的幼虫会互相竞争营养和空间然后 F3：如果wasp放的蛋太少，部分host egg会腐烂，杀死wasp幼虫逻辑思路：这个题目的交叉点为wasp放合适数量的蛋Which of the followings can properly be drawn from the information above?(A) The size of the smallest host eg

36、gt a wasp could theoretically parasitize can bedetermined from the wasps egg-laying beior.正确，wasp可以寄生的host egg的最小尺寸可以根据wasp放鸡蛋的行为决定，因为wasp会根据host egg的大小方合适数量的蛋(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.Host昆虫不能有效关wasp的寄生，题目主要说的是wasp寄生的数量是合

37、适的，无(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay different host species.Wasp寄生的数量是从经验学习到的，题目中没有提到，无关o the eggs of(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the develowasp larvaemore quicklyn would laying too many eggs.没有放足够的蛋比放太多的的蛋会导致幼年的wasp死的更快，题目没有比较，无关(E) Parasit

38、ic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. Wasp通过观察计算host egg的大小，无关51. (34365-!-item-!-188;#058&007569)A companys two divis performed with remarkable consistency over the past threeyears:in each of those years, the pharmaceuticals divihas accounted for roughly20 percent of dollar

39、 sales and 40 percent of profits, and the chemicals divi balance.逻辑链：F1：公司两个部门过去三年表现出显著的一致 F2：过去每年只要部门占20%的销售和40%的利润，化学部门平衡for the逻辑思路：这个题目的交叉点是两个部门的销售和利润Which of the following can properly be inferred regarding the past three years from thesement above?(A) Total dollar sales for each of the company

40、s divi constant.se remained roughly公司每个部门总销售保持不变，题目只说了制药部门和化学部门，无关(B) The pharmaceuticals divihas faced stiffer competition in its marketsn hasthe chemicals divi.制药部门的竞争比化学部门的竞争激烈，题目只是说了两个部门在公司的情况，没有说在各自市场的情况，无关(C) The chemicals divi pharmaceuticals divihas realized low.rofits per dollar of salesn h

41、as the正确，化学部门每个销售获得的利润小于制药部门，40%/20%1(D) The product mix offered by each of the companys divi unchanged.公司的每个部门的product mix都没有变，无关s has remained(E) Highly profitable products accounted for a highercentage of the chemicalsdivis salesn of those of the pharmaceuticals divi.利润高的产品在化学部门的占比比在制药部门的高，题目只是说了

42、两个部门的销售和利润，无关72. (35377-!-item-!-188;#058&007617)United Ses hospitalse traditionally red primarily on revenues from payingpatients to offset losses from unreimbursed care.Almost all paying patients now rely onernmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.Recently, insurerse been strict

43、ly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.逻辑链：F1：医院主要依靠付给没有医治的损失来获得收入F2：几乎所有的依靠或者健康保险来付给医院钱F3：最近，保险公司的人严格限制他们帮投保的际的支出付给医院的钱，这些钱小于等于实逻辑思路：这个题目的交叉点是医院的收入Which of the followings is best supported by the information above?(A) Although the ad

44、vance of technology has made expensive medical proceduresavailable to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of patients.e尽管先进的技术使得昂贵的医疗可以让题目主要说的是医院的收入，无关使用，但是低收入的无法享受到，(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additionale for unreimbursed care,they must either deny some oft care or su

45、ffer losses if they give it.正确，如果医院不能找到提高未医治部分的额外收入，他们必须否定这些治疗或者承担损失，因为保险公司给的钱已经小于实际的医疗支出了，所以弥补给未医疗部分的钱会损失(C) Some patientsees too high for eligibility fovernmental healthinsurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.有些无关工资太高不可以用的健康保险，但是工资也不够支付私人的健康保险，(D) If the hospitals re

46、duce their costs in providing care, insurance companies willmaahe current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds forunreimbursed care.如果医院减少医疗的成本，保险公司将会维持现在的赔偿，增加疗的部分，无关的(E) Even though philanthropic donationse traditionally provided some support forthe hospitals, such donations are at

47、 present declining.尽管philanthropic捐助给医院提供了一些帮助，但是现在在下降，题目只是说了政府和私人健康保险，无关7.(24401-!-item-!-188;#058&001291)United Lumber will use trees from its forests for two products.The tree trunks will beused for lumber and the branches convertedo wood chips to make fiberboard.The cost of this converwould be t

48、he same whether done at the logging site, wherethe trees are debranched, or at Uniteds factory.However, wood chips occupy less n half the volume of the branches from which they are made.逻辑链：F1：L 对森林里的树有两种用途F2：trunk 可以用来做lumber，branch 可以做成wood chip F3：两种用途不管在伐木现场debranch 还是在工厂做，成本都一样 F4：wood chip 占 b

49、ranch 体积的一半逻辑思路：这个题目的交叉点在branch 和wood chipThe information given, if accurate, most strongly supports which of the following?(A) Converting the brancheso wood chips at the logging site would requiretransporting a fully assembled wood-chipmachine to and from the site.把branch 变成wood chip 需要来回搬运wood-chi

50、p的机器，题目和wood-chip机器无关(B) It would be more economical to debranch the trees at the factory where the fiberboard is manufactured.在工厂debranch 更加经济，题目已经说工厂和伐木现场的成本一样(C) The debranching of trees and the converof the brancheso chips are theonly stageshe prosing of branchest it would be in Uniteds economic

51、advantage to perform at the logging site.Debranch 和wood chip 是branch 过程中唯一在伐木现场更加经济的阶段，无关(D) Transporion costs from the logging site to the factoryt are determined byvolume of cargo would be lower if the convero chips is done at the loggingsite rathern at the factory.，如果费按照体积算的话，伐木现场变成wood chip 比在工厂

52、合算，正确因为wood chip 的体积比branch 小(E)he wood-prosing industry, branches are used only for the production of这个选项说的是branch 的唯一用途，无关Explanation (12 题)3. Suncorp, a new corporation with limited funds, has been clearing large sections of the tropical Amazon forest for cattle ranching. This practice continues

53、even thoughgreatrofits can be made from rubber tap, which does not destroy the forest,n from cattle ranching, which does destroy the forest.逻辑链：F1：一个新的缺乏的公司suncorp 已经清除了Amazon 热带雨林来放牛F2：尽管rubber tap更赚钱，不会森林，公司还是继续放牛逻辑思路：题目的点在于suncorp 缺钱但是却不愿做更赚钱且保护森林的rubber tap，而是选择破坏森林的放牛Which of the following, if

54、true, most helps to explain why Suncorp has been pursuing the less profitable of the two economic activities mentioned above?(A) The soil of the Amazon forest is very rich in nutrients development of grazing lands.土壤与题目无关t are important he(B) Cattle-ranching operations t are located ropical climates

55、 are more profitablen cattle-ranching operations t are located in cold-weather climates.比较热带天气的放牛和冷天气的放牛，无关(C) In certain districts, profits made from cattle ranching are more heavily taxed nprofits made from any other industry.比较放牛和其他产业无关(D) Some of the cattle wildcats.t are raised on land cleared

56、he Amazon are killed by被wildcat 杀死，无关(E) The amount of money required to begin a rubber-tap operation is twice ashigh as the amount needed to begin a cattle ranch.正确，开始rubber tap的成本是放牛的两倍，所以缺钱的suncorp 创业开始选择了放牛6. Parlands alligator population has been declining in recent years, primarily becauseof t

57、ing. Alligators prey heavily on a species of freshwater fish t is highly valuedas food by Parlanders, who had hoped t the decline in the alligator populationwould lead to an increase in the numbers of these fish available for human consumption. Yet the population of this fish species has also declin

58、ed, even though the annual number caught for human consumption has not increased.逻辑链：F1：P 的alligator 因为捕杀而减少F2：alligator 主要吃 P 很宝贵的一种freshwater fish，P 希望 alligator 的减少人们可以 吃 的freshwater fishF3：即使人们的捕杀量没有增加，freshwater fish 也减少了逻辑思路：题目的在于alligator 吃freshwater fish，但是alligator 减少freshwater fish 也减少Whic

59、h of the following, if true, most helps to expla the fish species?he decline he population of(A) The decline he alligator population has meant t fishers can work in someparts of lakes and rivers t were formerly too dangerous.(B) Over the last few years, Parlands commer the number of fishing boats th

60、ey use.l fishing entrises e increased(C) The main predator of these fish is another species of fish on which alligators also prey.正确，freshwater fish 的主要敌人是另一种鱼，alligator 也吃这种鱼，所以alligator 减少，这种鱼增加，freshwater fish 减少(D) Many Parlanders who t alligators do so because of the high market price ofalligat