高中英语语法虚拟语气（沐风书屋）

1、The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气1向阳书屋u 英语有三种不同的语气: 陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气1.陈述语气(The indicative Mood) 陈述事实, 提出看法形式有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹句。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace!2向阳书屋u2.祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)表请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等. Lets have a talk. Dont jump in the queue.3向阳书

2、屋u虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念4向阳书屋u 一、虚拟语气在条件句中从句主句与现在事实相反与过去相反与将来相反If+主语+did（be动词用were)主语+should,would,might,coulddoIf+主语+had done主语should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主语+did2、If+主语+were to+ do3、If+主语+shou

3、ld +do主语should, would might, coulddo5向阳书屋ueg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就会更努力学习如果我知道他的电话号码的话，我就给他打电话了如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛If I were you, I would study harder.If I had known his telephon

4、e number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off/cancel the match.More practice:6向阳书屋uWhat would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I wouldIf I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.7向阳书屋uIf I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive

5、car. 8向阳书屋uIf I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.9向阳书屋ua. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.10向阳书屋uc. If the policeman _ (be not) in that

6、room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your position, I _ (ask) for the teachers help.were notcould bewerewould ask11向阳书屋uIf he _(drive) more carefully, he _(have)the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 12向阳书屋uIf I _ (learn) how to swim,I _ (be) trapped in this island.had

7、learnt would not have been 13向阳书屋ua. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad got/gottenwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.14向阳书屋uc. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to t

8、he concert together.had metwould have gone15向阳书屋uIf he got up early, he would be on time.16向阳书屋u假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看见我, 就会认识我。If he should see me, he would know me.17向阳书屋ua. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power .

9、b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks18向阳书屋uc. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be19向阳书屋u真实条件句时态关系 条件状从 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + V原If he comes, he will br

10、ing his violin.a.虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。 b. 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。20向阳书屋uThe volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B 真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。21向阳书屋uATTENTION：在真实条件句中,主句不用be going to表将来, 而用shall/will. (wrong) If you leave now, you are nev

11、er going to regret it. (correct) If you leave now, you will never regret it.22向阳书屋u2) 表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用shall (will) +V原,而直接用一般现在时。23向阳书屋u使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：当条件状从的动作和主句的动作所发生的时间不一致时，叫做：错综时间条件句 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you wo

12、uld be a college student now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了24向阳书屋uIf the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.25向阳书屋u2. if从句中，省略if ，将were，had，should提前，位于句首，形成倒装结构。 not不能放在前面。If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.

13、If I had not seen him then, I wouldnt have been very happy.Had I not seen him then, I wouldnt have been very happy.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 26向阳书屋u3、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用介词with，without，but for（要不是）；连词or，b

14、ut；副词otherwise或in that case(如果是那样的话)。27向阳书屋u1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was busy then.=If I hadnt been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2. Without/But for his help, we wouldnt have made such great progress.28向阳书屋uYo

15、u didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.drove; didnt getdrove; wouldnt getwere driving; wouldnt gethad driven; wouldnt have got29向阳书屋u_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.Were B. Should C.Would D. Will 30向阳书屋uIf you _ with George earlier, you _ s

16、o angry now.talked; would not behad talked; would not bewould talk; would not behad talked; would not have been31向阳书屋uIf we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now.is not pollutedwould not be pollutedhad not been pollutedwould not have been polluted32向阳书屋uWithout

17、 electricity, human being life _ quite different today.iswill bewould have beenwould be33向阳书屋uBut for his help, I _.should not have succeededhave not succeededdid not succeedhad not succeeded34向阳书屋uHe hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.had scoredscoredwould scorewo

18、uld have scored35向阳书屋u Why didnt you buy it? I _ but I didnt have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought36向阳书屋u二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句、wish后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在did/were表过去had done表将来would, might, coulddoI wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen t

19、he film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould/might go.37向阳书屋u I wish (that)he_(visit) us tomorrow.I wish (that) he_(visit)us today.I wish he_(visit) us yesterday. would /could /might visitvisitedhad visited38向阳书屋u2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,(一坚持) order, command,(二命令) suggest, advise, propose,(

20、三建议) require, request, demand, desire(四要求) .We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“时，insist 表示”坚持认为“时，用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen t

21、he money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱39向阳书屋u注意：suggest:表明，暗示 陈述语气 建议 虚拟语气Her pale face suggested that she _（be)ill and that she _(send) to hospital immediately.Insist：坚持说，坚持认为 陈述语气 坚持主张，坚持要求 虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal) the money and insisted that he _(set) free.was(should) be senthadnt sto

22、len(should) be set40向阳书屋uThe officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived. A. didnt touch B. touched C. be touched D. touch41向阳书屋u 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“shoulddo”should可以省略（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we (should ) think i

23、t over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.42向阳书屋uA.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that sb. should + do我们有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a w

24、alk now. 2 她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. （3）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中43向阳书屋uB. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that sb. (should ) doIt is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wo

25、nder that. Sb. (should )+do Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.44向阳书屋uIt is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam. A. has B. should C. would D. might 45向阳书屋u 1. It is (high / about ) time that sb should do /d

26、id sth.三、虚拟语气在其他从句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only （要是该有多好啊)If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!46向阳书屋uIm getting tired; its time we _ home. A. go B. are going C. went D. should be going47向阳书屋u3. would rather + 从句现在/将来 did过去 had doneI would

27、rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.48向阳书屋uas if / as though（好像）+从句与现在相反 did/were与过去相反 had done与将来相反 would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.(区分even if/though)49向阳书屋u注意：若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气），也可不用虚拟语气。E

28、g. Look! The clouds are gathering.It looks as if its going to rain .When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken50向阳书屋u5. even if ( even though)即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been bus

29、y then, I would have helped you.51向阳书屋u6.当in case, lest, for fear that等引导状 语从句时, 从句用(should)+do。eg. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. I shall ring you up lest you (should) forget to come. I took an umbrella along with me for fear that it should/might rain. 在此类情况中, in case引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气, 如:

30、eg. Take your umbrella, in case it rains. 52向阳书屋u四 情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比较：didnt need to do 没必要做

31、也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.53向阳书屋uChoose the best answer:It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. sho

32、uld D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C.

33、 should be D.wasCAAA54向阳书屋u5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.had been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be setC. should do; be set D. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor,

34、 you _ all right now.are B. were C. would beD. would have been8. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would B. should have C. may D. have BBcA55向阳书屋u虚拟语气高考链接1.Alice,why didnt you come yesterday? I _,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET) A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，

35、因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。 56向阳书屋u2.If there were no subjunctive,English_much easier. (NMET) A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语

36、气。故答案为D。 虚拟语气高考链接3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。57向阳书屋u虚拟语气高考链接4. I wish I _ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。 5. Without electricit

37、y human life _ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。 58向阳书屋u6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _. (NMET) A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。 虚拟语气高考链接59向阳书屋u7. _ it _ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress. A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应