Unit_4_The_Professor_and_the_Yo-yo

1、The Professor and the Yo-yo Thomas Lee Bucky with Joseph P. BlankSeen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.Unit 4Unit 4Albert Einstein （18791955）German-born American Physicist and Nobel Prize winner A brief introduction to Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein,

2、whose Special theory of Relativity(狭义相对论) and General Theory of Relativity(广义相对论）revolutionized scientific perceptions of the universe, is acknowledged, along with Newton, as one of historys greatest physicists.Son of free-thinking, cultured Jews, Einstein was unable to speak until he was three and

3、displayed no special promise. Anti-Semitism（反犹太主义）also hampered his talent when it began to emerge. He became a Swiss citizen in 1901, obtaining a doctorate from the University of Bern（伯尔尼 ） in 1905. His research, which ended in the famous equation E=mc2 (E：能量，m：质量，C：光速), was published in the same y

4、ear. A brief introduction to Albert EinsteinAfter World War I, Einsteins fame extended beyond the scientific community and in 1921 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics. During the 1920s he regarded the rise of the Nazis in Germany with horror, eventually emigrating to the U.S. where, in 1933,

5、he took up a post at Princeton University(普林斯顿大学) . In 1939 his early warnings of German scientific attempts to make an atomic bomb prompted the start of the Manhattan Project.(曼哈顿计划)Date EventMarch 14, 1879 1903 1905 Born in Ulm, Germany, the elder child of a businessman and a musical mother. Marri

6、ed Mileva Maric, his classmate at the polytechnic. T h e y h a d t w o s o n s b u t eventually divorced. Published three ground-breaking papers on the motion of particles(微粒，粒子) , the nature of light, and the relationship between energy and inertia(惯性) . Einsteins chronology1914-19331916 1921 1930

7、Published his “Autobiographical Notes.”Published his General Theory of Relativity.Director of Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute in Berlin.(柏林kaiser wilhelm物理研究所) Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics. October 1939November 18,1952April 18, 1955Declined an offer to become head of state of Israel. Died i

8、n hospital in Princeton.Wrote to Franklin Roosevelt, President of the United States, on the possibility of manufacturing a nuclear bomb and the need to preempt the Nazis. As a great scientist, he had many attractive personalities. For instance, he cared little for money, once he used a check for $1,

9、500 as a bookmark and then he lost the book. As a man he was easy-going, once there was a 12 years old girl who often visited him and asked him to do homework for her.The Yo-Yo The Yo-Yo is a simple toy consisting of a grooved double disk with a string about the center. The toy is said to have origi

10、nated in the Philippines. Since 1930 it has become a popular toy and even today children in different countries play the Yo-Yo and compete in v a r i o u s c o n t e s t s . A Brief Introduction to the passageEinstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time. His ideas and theories have, direct

11、ly or indirectly, influenced many areas of the modern world science, art, and philosophy, etc.In spite of his great achievements and fame, he always remained a simple man: he was honest and open, very easy to get along with; he lived a plain life and had simple habits, caring very little for materia

12、l well-being. And the text The Professor and the Yo-Yo, whose author is the son of a close friend of Einsteins, sheds more light on Einsteins personality both as a scientist and as a man. Words and ExpressionsImpress vt.给给深刻的印象深刻的印象 He impressed me as a modest scholar. 作为一个谦虚的学者，他给我留下了深刻的印象。作为一个谦虚的学

13、者，他给我留下了深刻的印象。 The woman impressed me most unfavorably. 这女人给我的印象极差。这女人给我的印象极差。 sb/sth + impress sb. 给给深刻的印象深刻的印象 My skill and knowledge properly impressed Einstein. 我的技能和知识给爱因斯坦留下了深刻的印象。我的技能和知识给爱因斯坦留下了深刻的印象。 The girl impressed us with liveliness and humor. 这个女孩给我们留下了活泼和幽默的印象。这个女孩给我们留下了活泼和幽默的印象。 impr

14、ess sb. with sth 给给深刻的印象深刻的印象 I was deeply impressed by/with/at the scenery there. 那儿的景色给我留下了深刻的印象那儿的景色给我留下了深刻的印象 我被那儿的的景色深深的打动了。我被那儿的的景色深深的打动了。 I was very impressed by/with/at his story. 他的故事给我留下了深刻的印象。他的故事给我留下了深刻的印象。 我被他的故事深深地感动了。我被他的故事深深地感动了。 be impressed by/with/at sth 对对印象深刻印象深刻/被被所打动所打动 使铭记使铭记

15、,使牢记使牢记(on/upon) My father impressed on me the importance of hard work. My father impressed the importance of hard work on me.我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。我父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。 impress sth on/upon sb 使使铭记铭记 My father impressed the importance of hard work on my memory. impress sth on/upon sbs memory 使使铭记铭记His parents

16、tried to _on him that it is necessary to be honest. A. expectB. impressC. influenceD. effect impression impression of Liu Sanjie impressive universal adj.普遍的； 全世界的； 宇宙的 logical adj 逻辑的逻辑的 simple adj.简单的，简朴的简单的，简朴的 intellect n. 理智，智力，才智；知识分子理智，智力，才智；知识分子 pretend v. 假装，做作假装，做作 correspondence n. 通信（联系）

17、，信件通信（联系），信件ambition: 野心；抱负 Her ambition was to be a famous singer. 她的理想是成为著名的歌唱家。 A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan. 燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。 achieve / attain / fulfill / realize ones ambition 实现抱负 ones life-long ambition 毕生的志愿。immune adj.免疫的； 有免疫力的； 不受影响的； 免除的 The immune system is our main defen

18、se against disease. 人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病的主要屏障人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病的主要屏障。 Most adults are immune to Rubella. 大多数成人对风疹具有免疫力。大多数成人对风疹具有免疫力。 It seems that few people are immune to vanity or jealousy. 似乎很少有人不受虚荣心和嫉妒心的影响。似乎很少有人不受虚荣心和嫉妒心的影响。 be immune to 对对具有免疫力具有免疫力 不受不受的影响的影响correspond vi 通信；符合，一致；通信；符合，一致； 相应相应 The two

19、sisters correspond every week. 两姐妹每周都通信。两姐妹每周都通信。 We have corresponded with each other for years. 我们已经通信好几年了我们已经通信好几年了。 correspond with 与与通信通信 Your account of events does not correspond with hers. 你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。 The translation does not quite correspond to the original. 译文和原文不太相符。译文和

20、原文不太相符。 correspond with/to 与与相符相符 corresponding adj. 相当的，相应的；一致的；通信的 beam vi 面露喜色面露喜色; 高兴地微笑高兴地微笑 Frances beamed at her friend with undisguised admiration. 弗朗西丝开心地对自己的朋友笑着，毫不掩饰她的羡慕之情。弗朗西丝开心地对自己的朋友笑着，毫不掩饰她的羡慕之情。 Our teacher beamed with satisfaction at the prizes the students won. 我们的老师因为学生获得的奖赏而面露喜色。

21、我们的老师因为学生获得的奖赏而面露喜色。 beam with 因因面露喜色面露喜色revert vi 回复回复; 回返回返 Garden plants sometimes revert to type. 园艺植物有时会恢复其原来的野生形态园艺植物有时会恢复其原来的野生形态. Jackson said her boss became increasingly depressed and reverted to smoking heavily. 杰克逊说她的老板情绪越来越低落，又开始拼命抽烟了。杰克逊说她的老板情绪越来越低落，又开始拼命抽烟了。 revert to sth /doing sth 恢

22、复，回复恢复，回复(到以前的状态、制度或行为到以前的状态、制度或行为) exclusively adv. 完全地；专门地，特定地；唯一地完全地；专门地，特定地；唯一地 The debate is being conducted almost exclusively on party political lines. 辩论几乎完全是围绕政党路线展开的。辩论几乎完全是围绕政党路线展开的。 Randolphs work was exclusively concerned with the effects of pollution on health. 伦道夫的著作专门论述污染对健康的影响。伦道夫的著

23、作专门论述污染对健康的影响。 The star has a ski slope reserved exclusively for her. 这位明星有一个专门留给她的滑雪场地这位明星有一个专门留给她的滑雪场地.application n申请；应用申请；应用 Why was my application for visa rejected ? 为什么我申请签证被拒绝了？为什么我申请签证被拒绝了？ Researchers now pay more attention to the application of their research outcome . 现在的研究者更注重他们研究成果的应用。

24、现在的研究者更注重他们研究成果的应用。 applicator n 应用者应用者 applicant n 申请人申请人; 请求人请求人observe v. 观察；观察； 研究；遵守；研究；遵守； 说；说； 评述评述 Didnt you observe the difference? 难道你没有看出差别难道你没有看出差别? Did he observe on your unusual performance? 他对你那不寻常的演出发表评论了他对你那不寻常的演出发表评论了 吗吗 ? “He is a fine young man,” observed Stephen. “他是个很不错的小伙子，他是个

25、很不错的小伙子，”斯蒂芬评论道斯蒂芬评论道。 Everyone should observe the law. 谁都应该守法谁都应该守法.at ease: 放松的；放心的；舒服的 The doctor soon made the worried mother feel at ease. 医生很快让那位焦急的的妈妈感到放心。 Collocation: ill at ease不安；心神不宁不安；心神不宁 with ease轻而易举地；毫不费力地轻而易举地；毫不费力地 come to terms with 与与达成协议；与达成协议；与妥协妥协/ It has taken him a long tim

26、e to come to terms with the fact that hell never be a good writer. 很长时间他才接受他不再是一个好作家的事实。很长时间他才接受他不再是一个好作家的事实。 It seems that the two sides will never come to terms (with each other). 双方看起来将永远也不会相互妥协双方看起来将永远也不会相互妥协。mean everything to 对对来说极其重要来说极其重要 Your friendship means everything to me. 你的友谊对我来说很重要你的

27、友谊对我来说很重要 mean nothing to 对对来说一点不重要来说一点不重要 Material things meant nothing to Einstein, but to some people mean everything. 物质上的东西对爱因斯坦来说一点都不重要，但对一些人来物质上的东西对爱因斯坦来说一点都不重要，但对一些人来说却非常重要。说却非常重要。so much so that 如此如此以至于以至于 He longed to visit Paris, so much so that he often dreamt about it. 他渴望去巴黎，太渴望了以至于经常梦

28、到它。他渴望去巴黎，太渴望了以至于经常梦到它。 I was wore out, so much so that I thought I would never recover. 我累坏了，太累了以至于认为我再也不会恢复了。我累坏了，太累了以至于认为我再也不会恢复了。single out : 选出；挑出选出；挑出 They wanted to single out the main threat to civilization. 我们想特别指出威胁文明的主要因素。我们想特别指出威胁文明的主要因素。 He considered it an honor to have been singled ou

29、t to represent the school at the celebration ceremony. 他认为被选出来去代表学校参加庆祝仪式是一种荣耀。他认为被选出来去代表学校参加庆祝仪式是一种荣耀。 1. 1) few 2) A little 3) little 4) few 5) a few little 6) a few few 7) little 8) few 2. 1) function 2) corresponded with each other 3) immune to 4) at ease 5) displayed 6) approach 7) puzzle 8) a

30、household word 9) capable of carrying out 10) so much so that3. 1) a series of 2) approaches 3) are pursuing 4) ambition 5) fame 6) come to terms with 7) work out 8) singled out 9) personality 10) taken apart 11) at ease 12) observe 13) modest 14) application 15) curiosity 16) solutions4 1) He write

31、s exclusively for the Washington Post. 2) The friendship your people have for our people impressed me deeply during my visit in your country./ I was deeply impressed during my visit in your country by the friendship your people have for our people. 3) It took Joe a long time to come to terms with th

32、e fact that he would no longer be able to go sailing again. 4) Jims grandfather believes more in fresh air and exercise than in medicine. 5) Owing to his poor education he was frustrated in his attempt to find a good job. 6) Most American cities are relatively small in terms of population when compa

33、red to Chinese cities like Shanghai and Beijing.V.V.有许多词可以用在介词有许多词可以用在介词of of 和不可数名词之前，表示和不可数名词之前，表示“一片一片/ /一块一块/ /一条一条”或者表示或者表示“一定数量的一定数量的”。 下面就是较常用的的一些词。下面就是较常用的的一些词。 ball 球状物球状物 a ball of wool/string bar 条状物条状物 a bar of chocolate/soap beam，ray 束，道束，道 a beam/ray of light blanket 毯状物；毯状物； 厚的覆盖层厚的覆盖

34、层 a blanket of fog/cloud/smoke/snow 一层雾一层雾/ /云云/ /烟烟/ /雪雪 block n. .块状物块状物 a block of concrete/granite/marble. .一块混凝土砌块，一块混凝土砌块，花岗石，大理石花岗石，大理石 cake n 块状物块状物 a cake of soap 一块肥皂一块肥皂 cloud n 团状物，云状物团状物，云状物 a cloud of smoke/dust/sand; ; a cloud of locusts （蝗虫）蝗虫） flake 小薄片，小碎片小薄片，小碎片 a flake of snow gr

35、ain 谷粒谷粒 a few grains of rice in the bowl helping （饭菜的）一份（饭菜的）一份 length 一段，一节一段，一节 loaf n.一条（块）面包一条（块）面包 lump n.块，团块，团 mass n.块，堆，团块，堆，团 ring n.环状物，指环环状物，指环 roll n.卷卷 scrap n.废料；废料； 残余物；残余物； 小片；小片； 吵架吵架 sheet n.一张一张 一大片一大片 slice n.薄片薄片 strip n.长条长条 sum 一些一些 V.V. 1) a drop of blood 2) a grain of whea

36、t 3) a length of rope 4) a lump of sugar 5) a ball of string 6) a block of marble 7) a roll of toilet paper 8) a helping of pie 9) a blanket of heavy mist 10) a slice of beef Vi 1) Joses father was seen to return after dark. 2) The wind was heard to roar through the trees. 3) I dont think Tom can be

37、 made to take the bosss orders. 4) The young man was seen to enter the building next to the bank. 5) When she was in Shanghai the actress was heard to say she had long thought of this city as her second home. 6) After the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was ma

38、de to answer all sorts of questions. Passage Analysis 10Part Division of the TextMain IdeasPara.Parts 11 627 93Einstein was a plain and simple man in his daily life.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist.Einstein never understood his fame.For part 1Multiple Choice 1. When the young visitor c

39、ame to Einsteins home, he was _. A) frightened B) uneasy C) self-confident D) frustratedKEY 2. What did Einstein do after the author suggested him try shaving cream? A) He tried the shaving cream the next morning and was really satisfied with it. B) He declined the offer and used razor and water as

40、before. C) He thought the cream was of no use. D) He became curious about the components of the cream.KEY 3. The watermarkWfor Woolworths in Einsteins stationery suggests that _. A) he didnt have enough money to buy the better stationery B) he was intended to show that he as important as other peopl

41、e C) he did not take any interest in prestige D) he didnt have personal ambition though he was world-famousKEY para.1He tried to show me how it worked but he couldnt make it roll back up the string.【翻译】 他试图给我看这玩具怎么玩，却没法使它他试图给我看这玩具怎么玩，却没法使它顺着线顺着线转上去转上去。When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and

42、 pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance.【翻译】轮到我时，我露了几手，并向他指出，绕错的线圈使玩具轮到我时，我露了几手，并向他指出，绕错的线圈使玩具失去了平衡。失去了平衡。Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. 【翻译】爱因斯坦点点头，对我的技能和知识留下了颇深的印象。爱因斯坦点点头，对我的技能和知识留下了颇深的印象。 para.2 As a boy and then as an

43、 adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. 【翻译翻译】作为一个孩子，以后又作为一个成人，我一直对爱因斯作为一个孩子，以后又作为一个成人，我一直对爱因斯坦的个性赞叹不已。坦的个性赞叹不已。He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. 【翻译翻译】他是他是我所知道的我所知道的唯一唯一一个能跟自己以及周围世界达成一一个能跟自己以及周围世界达成一致致的人。的人。 para.

44、2 He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. 【what the object of “understand”?】the object of “understand” is “the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in i

45、ts functioning”. 宇宙的本质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和简单宇宙的本质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和简单within his limits as a human being作为一个人在他的能力范围之内作为一个人在他的能力范围之内【翻译翻译】他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作为一个人的能力他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作为一个人的能力范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和简单。范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和简单。He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach.【翻译翻译】他他知道有许多问题的答案知道

46、有许多问题的答案超出了他智力所及的范围超出了他智力所及的范围。para.3He seemed immune to these emotions.【what do these emotions refer to？】These emotions refer to jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger,resentment, or personal ambition. 【翻译翻译】他好像对这些感情具有免疫力似的。他好像对这些感情具有免疫力似的。He was beyond any pretention.【翻译翻译】他毫无矫饰之心。他毫无矫饰之心。Woolworths

47、（伍尔沃思连锁店）（伍尔沃思连锁店）它由美国商业家它由美国商业家伍尔沃思伍尔沃思创办创办, , 原来只出售原来只出售5 5分钱和分钱和1010分钱分钱的货品的货品, ,现在也出售其他不贵的日常小用品现在也出售其他不贵的日常小用品. .伍尔沃思最初在伍尔沃思最初在许多商店当职员许多商店当职员, , 他从他从5 5分钱商店起家分钱商店起家, , 在许多城市开办连在许多城市开办连锁店锁店, , 最终成为多种银行和信托公司的董事最终成为多种银行和信托公司的董事. . Para 4 I suggest that he try shaving cream. I suggest his trying sha

48、ving cream. I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it worked.（para.9） I suggested taking the toy apart to see how it worked. 2. 1) The doctor advised (that) Mike (should) stay in hospital until he was fully recovered. 2) Cathys father insisted (that) she (should) take a two-week rest before go

49、ing back to work. 3) The chairman of the Trade Union suggested (that) a special committee (should) be set up to look into the problem./ The chairman of the Trade Union suggested (that) they set up a special committee to look into the problem. 4) The commander ordered (that) our company (should) star

50、t the attack before dawn. 5) Knowing Jack to be dishonest, I demanded (that) he (should) tell me nothing but the truth. 6) The dean of the philosophy department requested (that) the visiting scholar (should) give a lecture on Sartre.Para.7Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didnthave

51、the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. 【翻译】爱因斯坦爱因斯坦完完全全是个理论家完完全全是个理论家。他对自己的。他对自己的思想和理论思想和理论 的实际应用丝毫不感兴趣的实际应用丝毫不感兴趣。 Para.7 E Emcmc2 2 ( (质能公式）质能公式） 19051905年，伟大的物理学家爱因斯坦提出一个令人难以年，伟大的物理学家爱因斯坦提出一个令人难以置信的理论：物质的质量和能量可以互相转化。他指置信的理论：物质的质量和能量可以互相转化。他指出，任何具有质量的物体，都贮存着

52、看不见的内能，出，任何具有质量的物体，都贮存着看不见的内能，而且这个由质量贮存起来的能量大到令人难以想象的而且这个由质量贮存起来的能量大到令人难以想象的程度。程度。 如果用数学形式表达质量与能量的关系的话，某个物如果用数学形式表达质量与能量的关系的话，某个物体贮存的能量等于该物体的质量乘以光速的平方，写体贮存的能量等于该物体的质量乘以光速的平方，写成公式就是：成公式就是： E Emcmc2 2 。打个比方说，常规状态下燃烧。打个比方说，常规状态下燃烧一吨煤所释放的全部热能，只相当于全部由质量转化一吨煤所释放的全部热能，只相当于全部由质量转化而来的而来的0.0280.028毫克物质释放的能量。毫

53、克物质释放的能量。 c c是真空中的光速，是一个常数是真空中的光速，是一个常数299792458299792458米米/ /秒，大约秒，大约每秒钟每秒钟3030万公里，相当于绕地球赤道飞行万公里，相当于绕地球赤道飞行7 7圈半。圈半。Para.7He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didnt have any curiosity in observing how hi

54、s theory made TV possible.Q: What is Photoelectric Theory?A: A series of equations which Einstein considered not very important and he did not have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.【翻译】 他因其光电理论他因其光电理论他认为这是比较次要的一系列公式他认为这是比较次要的一系列公式而获得而获得诺贝尔奖，但对于观察他的理论怎样使电视成为可能却没有一点好诺贝尔奖，但对于观

55、察他的理论怎样使电视成为可能却没有一点好奇心。奇心。Para.7 the photoelectric effect 19051905年，爱因斯坦提出光子假设，成功解年，爱因斯坦提出光子假设，成功解释光电效应，因此获得释光电效应，因此获得19211921年诺贝尔物理年诺贝尔物理奖。奖。 光照射到金属上，引起物质的电性质发生光照射到金属上，引起物质的电性质发生变化，这类光变致电的现象被人们统称为变化，这类光变致电的现象被人们统称为光电效应光电效应. .Para.8a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly d

56、unked its head in the water.【翻译】一只一只平衡地立在盛水的碗边并反复把头浸入水中平衡地立在盛水的碗边并反复把头浸入水中的的鸟。鸟。Einstein watched in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle.【翻译】爱因斯坦高兴地注视着它，试图爱因斯坦高兴地注视着它，试图推断出它的运动推断出它的运动原理。原理。Para. 9He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. 【翻译】他他连续几天试着用各种理论来解释连续几天试着用各种理论来解释，后来我建议把玩具，后来我建议把玩具拆开来看看它是怎样运转的。拆开来看看它是怎样运转的。His quick expression of disproval told me he did not agree with this practical a