the End of American Civil War

1、ally v/n. Italy allied itself with Germany during World War II.在第二次世界大战期间意大利和德国结成同盟国Several tribes allied to fend off the invaders.几个部落联合起来抵抗侵略者They entered the war as an ally of France.作为法国的盟国参战2. Approximate v/adj.This meat substitute approximates the real thing.His description approximated (vi) t

2、o the truth but there were a few errors. 他的描述与事实已经接近，但是有一些错误。The cost is only approximate.1The design approximates perfection.这个设计几乎是完美的。The approximate time of the accident was three oclock. 事故的大致时间是三点钟。3. deem vHe deemed it (to be) his duty to help (v.).他认为助人是他的责任。He deemed it an honor if the mini

3、ster came to see him.They deemed the results (to be) unsatisfactory (adj.). 他们认为结果不令人满意He deemed it was time for a change.他觉得是换换环境的时候了deem highly of 对.给予高度的评价* “deem” is more subjective than “consider “emphasizing judgment than analytical thought24. Denote （ fml. ）a frown that denoted increasing imp

4、atience.表明越来越不耐烦地皱眉A flashing yellow light denotes caution.闪烁的黄灯表示警告Connote: (fml. Of a word) suggest a feeling, an idea, etc. as well as the main meaning ; express or state indirectly 含义，意味着；包含；暗示 ; 含言外之意 But while “feminism” seems to connote a radicalism out of the mainstream, most women have very

5、 definite beliefs about the equality of the sexes 5. Destined adj. (fml.)a foolish scheme destined to fail; 一个注定要失败的愚蠢方案；a film destined to become a classic.一部必定会成为经典的电影They were destined never to meet again.命运注定他们永不再相逢。be destined for sth. 预定, 指定They destined him for the navy. 他们指定他去海军。36. Dispropo

6、rtionate adj. ( to)The boy gives a disproportionate amount of ones time to games。 这男孩用于游戏的时间不成比例。They suddenly found out that they had spend a disproportionate amount of their money on clothing.他们忽然发现他们花在衣物上的钱太多了。7. immerse v.scholars immerse themselves in their subjects.埋头于课题的学者The whole town was i

7、mmersed in a festival atmosphere.全镇沉浸在节日的气氛中。8. in the event of : 发生 in case sth. should happen in the event of a war: in case a war should break out.4 in the event of an emergency: in case there should be an emergency.9. intercept vt.The parcels of drugs were intercepted by the Customs House before

8、 they were delivered.这些成包的毒品在运到前被海关截获了。intercept the enemys battle plan 截获敌人作战计划an intercept (n) station 【军】侦听台an intercept mission 【军】截击任务rushing skyward like a fighter going up on an interception 象战斗机飞上去进行拦截那样冲向天空threw three interceptions in one game一次比赛中传了三个被断的球510. Probe (into)She tried to probe

9、 my mind and discover what I was thinking.(喻) 她试图探查我的心意,想知道我在想什么。调查；刺探to probe rumors/ a matter to the bottom 彻查谣言来源/彻底调查一件事11. restrictbe restricted within narrow limits 限于狭窄的范围内be restricted in ones movements 行动受约束be restricted by time law 受时间法律限制Discussion at the meeting is restricted to the agen

10、da. 这次会上的讨论只限于议程上的项目。to restrict oneself to two cigarettes a day.限制每天吸两枝香烟612. reviseHe was revising what he had written.他正在修改他所写的东西。Ill have to revise my ideas about Tom.我必须改变对汤姆的看法。Ive been revising all week.我整个星期都在复习。separate adj.subordinatedeliberatedegeneratemoderateestimateelaborateduplicate71

11、3. . to stem from : to derive from ; to develop from eg. The present difficulties stem from our failure to deal with the problem with it first arose .to give weight to : to consider sth importance at work : doing their work ; operating (人)在工作，在干活(特指日常工作)从事于; 忙于(某项工作)(与on或upon连用) ; (机器)在运转；(因素)在起作用；活

12、动着 personal preference : personal likes or dislikes sth you like more than any other thing 17. cannot help but feel: cannot help feeling18. in a broad sense / in a narrow sense , / in a general sense; in the broad meaning of sth. 818. to be relevant to : to be related to the matter at hand to the po

13、int eg. His nationality isnt relevant to whether hes a good lawyer .19. the high seas: the areas of ocean around the world that do not belong to any one nation 公海20. battery:炮兵连 a basic tactical artillery unit, corresponding to the company in the infantry. 21. note: a formal written diplomatic commu

14、nication (外交照会)922. remains：parts which are left (遗留物；遗址；)23. minister: high official of state appointed to head an executive/administrative department of government.24. model:one serving as an example to be imitate/compared. 范例10limit confine restrict limit， restrict， confine， circumscribe :to esta

15、blish or keep within specified bounds. 这些动词指建立或保持在一定范围内。limit refers principally to the establishment of a maximum, as of quantity, degree, or time, beyond which a person or thing cannot or may not go: 主要指在数量、程度或时间上确定最大值，人或事物不可能或不可以超越它：The Constitution limits the Presidents term of office to four ye

16、ars. 宪法规定总统的任期四年。11“Liberty, too, must be limited in order to be possessed” (Edmund Burke). To restrict is to keep within prescribed limits, as of choice or action: “为了维护自由，自由同样要受到限制 （埃德蒙伯克）。restrict 指保持在规定的范围内， 如选择或行动：“a pardon, so restricted that none were likely to be forgiven save those who had

17、done no wrong” (John Lothrop Motley). 请原谅，如此地严格限制以致于除了那些从没做过错事的人，没有人可饶恕 （约翰洛特诺普莫特列）。The sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted to those over 21. 酒精饮料只能出售给21岁以上的成年人。12confine suggests limits that imprison, restrain, or impede: 暗示束缚性、限制性的或阻挠性的限制：All prisoners will be confined to their cells. 所有的囚犯必

18、须关在牢房里。Interest in Asia is no longer confined to scholars. 对亚洲感兴趣的人已不单限于学者了。He is confined to the house by illness. 他因病而闭门不出。I shall confine myself to the subject of geography. 我将专攻地理学。circumscribe connotes an encircling or surrounding line that confines and especially that confines narrowly: 限制；在周围

19、画线 13 暗示一条起限制作用的环绕或包围的线，尤指限制范围小的这样的线： “A man . . . should not circumscribe his activity by any inflexible fence of rigid rules” (John Stuart Blackie). 人不应该将自己的行为限制在由僵化的条文构成的不可变通的范围之内 （约翰斯图尔特布莱基）cause: n.That which produces an effect, result, or consequence Historians always try to find the causes an

20、d effects of historical events. Religious describe God as the primary cause who gives everything that first push.14 Zhou Chu killed the tiger and the terrible crocodile, but he did not realize that he himself was the main cause of the peoples sufferings.2. a goal or principle served with dedication

21、and zealNo difficulties or sufferings could weaken my grandparents will to fight for the revolutionary cause.to cause: to be a cause of; to make happen or bring aboutNo man cause more grief than that one clinging blindly to the vices of his ancestors. - William FaulknerHistorians still did not know

22、for sure what caused Hitler to move his troops suddenly east.15to oppose: be in contention or conflict with; be against or hostile toWe must try and unite with those who opposed us.I strongly oppose the idea of treating peasants as second-class citizens.No policy can please everyone. Those who are l

23、ikely to be losers are bound to oppose it.to be opposed to:Few people will be opposed to a reform if their interests are not hurt.as opposed to: in contrast to 与相对；与 成对比；和相反/对照opposition n.His policies met with strong opposition in the party itself.16opposite prep. or n. 对立面；反义词 Opposite our school

24、is a little restaurant which students frequent.She sat down opposite her.The oppositeof globalization is regionalization.Right now both trends seem strong. loan n.a sum of money lent at interestMoat of the banks income comes from the loans it gives to business enterprises.It no longer has any credib

25、ility to raise more bank loans.172. anything lent for temporary use?The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of his binoculars.When he got there, he got a car on loan.to conclude:To bring to an end; to close or finish The discussion was concluded early this week.2. To come to an agreementAfter long pati

26、ent negotiations, they concluded a peace treaty.3. To reach a decision; to form an opinionFrom the latest statistics, we can conclude that our economy is going to recover vigoriously.18conclusion n.to come/draw to a conclusionBecause the activities of ordinary people are usually not recoded, historians sometimes draw the wrong conclusion that history is m