科技论文英语摘要讲座

1、科技论文摘要英译技巧张尚莲 河北工业大学外国语学院 2013年 11月22日第一部分：科技英语论文写作中的要素科技英语论文七要素 标题(Title)的具体要求 标题(Title)的具体要求 标题(Title)的具体要求 Latest research in Nature:21 November 20131. Origin and age of the earliest Martian crust from meteorite NWA7533 Source: Nature 2. A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging co

2、ronaviruses Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology 关注Nature 上的标题关注Nature作者(Author)的要求摘要(Abstract)的要求：内容1.What is the general knowledge of your topic in the academic field？2.What research topic is the paper to focus on？3.What method or material do you use to support your main point of view？4.What conclu

3、sion will you draw？5.What is the main contribution of your paper?摘要(Abstract)的要求：措辞缩减背景性情况介绍。用重要事实开头，避免用辅助从句开头。尽量用主动语态代替被动语态。简化措词。摘要(Abstract)的要求：时态研究背景、目的和范围：现在时研究方法、手段或步骤：过去时、现在时或现在完成时研究结果：过去时或现在完成时研究结论：现在时摘要实例一 Pun Work Helps English Learners Get the Joke Abstract: Native speakers of a language l

4、earn word play as part of the language acquisition process, but learners of a new language rarely get that opportunity. English has an unusually large number of opportunities for humorous puns, based on the complex system of spellings, pronunciations, and meanings of English words. There are three m

5、ain categories of English puns, and these are explained and illustrated, along with lesson plans for using puns in classroom with English language learners. Suggested resources are included Source: Reading Teacher; Nov2011, Vol. 65 Issue 3, p197-202, 6p, 2 Charts参考文献引文数量SCI收录论文平均引文数20篇以上引文质量如果论文引用教材

6、、手册和科普类期刊，EI Compendex 不予收录该论文。引文时效10年内为宜 APA or MLA?录入原则三大检索以英文文献为主。世界上著名的三大检索工具 1.科学引文索引(Science Citation Index, SCI)是由美国科学信息研究所(ISI)1961年创办出版的引文数据库，其覆盖生命科学、临床医学、物理化学、农业、生物、兽医学、工程技术等方面的综合性检索刊物，尤其能反映自然科学研究的学术水平，是目前国际上三大检索系统中最著名的一种2.工程索引(EngineeringIndex，EI),1884年创刊，由美国工程信息公司出版，报道工程技术各学科的期刊、会议论文、科技报

7、告等文献。3.科技会议录索引(Index to Scientific & TechnicalProceedings，ISTP)，也是由ISI出版，1978年创刊，报导世界上每年召开的科技会议的会议论文。 第二部分：科技论文摘要翻译中常见问题处理信息冗余（Redundancy） 中国式英语(Chinese English) 1)省略重复性的词 例1 不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重或湿度过大的环境下使用这种微型计算机。 Avoiding using this miniature computer in extreme cold, heat, dust, or humidity. 例2我们曾遇到过的情况

8、,不是氧气设备出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者两者都出故障。 We had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.信息冗余（Redundancy）2)省略动词的情况 例1 大部分塑料都不容易传热和导电。 Most plastics do not readily conduct heat or electricity. 例2 在计算速度和确定方向时,必须有高度的准确性。 It was necessary to calculate speed and direction with a high degree of precision. 例3 布尔表达式经过

9、这样的简化后,去掉了那些不必要的门电路,从而减低了成本，缩小了体积,减轻了重量。 This reduction of Boolean expressions eliminates unnecessary gates, thereby saving cost, space and weight.信息冗余（Redundancy）3)省略同义词或近义词 例1在高频条件下,积分时间越短,答案会接二连三地显示出来,用户可能来不及把答案记录下来。 At high frequencies where the integration time is short, results will be display

10、ed in rapid succession and possibly leave insufficient time for the user to record them. 例2由于对测量和控制各种用途的物理变量的需求与日俱增,仪表制造技术一定会突飞猛进地进一步发展。 Further development in instrumentation techniques is certain to be very rapid because of the increasing demand for measurement and control of physical variables in

11、 a wide variety of applications.信息冗余（Redundancy）4)省略同义词或近义词 例3屋顶需要加以特别考虑,以确保经受日晒雨淋和在有时被化学物质严重污染的大气中有足够的耐久性。 Roofs require special consideration to ensure adequate durability in relation to the exposure to sun and rain, and to an atmosphere sometime heavily polluted with chemicals.信息冗余（Redundancy） 例1

12、 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。 Oxidation will make iron and steel rust. 例2 应注意保证脉冲信号本身不出现不规则现象和中断现象。 Due care must be taken to ensure that the pulse signal itself shall show no irregularities and no interruptions. 例3 这种加工方法需要的温度不是很高。 The temperature needed for this processing is not high.5)省略表事物范畴的词信息冗余（Redundancy）6)

13、省略泛指人称 例1逐渐地,人们实现了把微处理器用作为中央处理装置。 Gradually, the usefulness of microprocesso as central processing units was realized. 例2 大家知道,电子是极微小的负电荷。 Electrons are known to be minute negative charges of electricity.信息冗余（Redundancy）7)省略可说可不说的措辞It is reported; In this paper it is believed thatat a high temperatu

14、re of 1500;It is possible thatat the present momentdefinitely provedfor the purpose of has the capability of in order to smaller in size has been found to increase信息冗余（Redundancy）8)增加冗余信息例 当有杆腔进气,无杆腔排气时,环形活塞下降,迅速打开阀门,产生气流脉冲。When the compressed air is exhausted in theupper part of the circular cylind

15、er and exhaustedfrom the lower part of the circular cylinder, thecircular pistol drops and valve is opened rapidlyand produce the airA:增译解释性成分信息冗余（Redundancy）8)增加冗余信息所有的金属都是晶体,换言之,他们的原子都是按一定的结构排列的。All metals are crystals. In other words, their atoms arranged themselves in patterns.A：增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的词信

16、息冗余（Redundancy）8)增加冗余信息 同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸。Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attractC:增补表逻辑关系词信息冗余（Redundancy）国内论文摘要改写示例一摘要原文摘要原文下肢康复机器人膝关节动力学分析与PID控制康复训练机器人技术是一种把机器人技术应用于康复训练的机电设备。下肢康复机器人是其中一种，在多环境运动平台的配合下，该机器人能模拟出正常人的步态，帮助病人按照正常的步态行走，形成良好的条件发射，进而不断刺激病人大脑中枢神经，达到行走康复目的达到行走康复目的。由于外骨骼服务对

17、象的特殊性，对下肢康复机器人膝关节控制系统提出了更高的要求，通过建立下肢康复机器人膝关节动力学的数学模型解出其控制系统的传递函数，并在控制系统中加入PID控制器。通过通过MATLAB对下肢康复机器人膝关节控制系统进行仿真，使下肢康复机器人控制系统能够达到响应速度快和稳定性高的要求。关键字：膝关节，动力学，PID控制，传递函数，仿真国内论文摘要改写示例一摘要原译文摘要原译文Lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee kinetics analysis and PID controlAbstractRehabilitation training robot is a

18、 robot technology applied in rehabilitation training of mechanical and electrical equipment. Lower limbs rehabilitative robot is one of that, under the coordination of the environmental movement platform, the robot can simulate the normal human gait, help the patient to normal gait, form the good co

19、nditions for launch, then continue to stimulate the patients brain central nervous system, achieve walking rehabilitation purpose. Because the exoskeleton particularity service object, on the lower limbs国内论文摘要改写示例一摘要原译文摘要原译文rehabilitative robot knee joint control system put forward higher requiremen

20、ts, Through the establishment of the lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee dynamics model for calculating the transfer function of the control system, and the control system with PID controller. Through MATLAB on the lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee joint control system simulation, so that the

21、lower limbs rehabilitative robot control system can achieve fast response speed and high stability requirements.Keywords: Knee joint ,Dynamics, PID controller, Transfer function, Simulation国内论文摘要改写示例一摘要修改译文摘要修改译文AbstractRehabilitation training robot is applied in rehabilitation training of mechanica

22、l and electrical equipment. With the coordination of the environmental movement platform, lower limbs rehabilitative robot can simulate the normal human gait, help the patient to normal gait, form the good conditions for launch, then continue to stimulate the patients brain central nervous system to

23、 achieve walking rehabilitation purpose. Because the exoskeleton will serve special object , the lower limbs国内论文摘要改写示例一摘要修改译文摘要修改译文rehabilitative robot knee joint control system has higher requirements. Establish the lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee dynamics model to calculate the transfer func

24、tion of the control system, and the control system with PID controller. The simulation of the MATLAB on the lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee joint control system can make the lower limbs rehabilitative robot control system achieve faster response and higher stability.Keywords: Knee joint ,Dynam

25、ics, PID controller, Transfer function, Simulation 尽量避免中国式英语国内论文英语摘要改写示例二 u 原文：Wind power is a kind of inexhaustible and harmless energy source in the nature. Its application for providing electric power becomes more and more nowadays. However, the wind power is not easy to control, because the chan

26、ge of the wind velocity will change the rotating speed of the wind turbine. Consequently, the output frequency and voltage of the alternator driven by it will also be varied. This is unacceptable either to the consumers or to the parallel operation with an existing power system. For solving this pro

27、blem, this paper presents a variable speed and constant frequency and magnitude when the wind turbine speed varies within certain limits. This is realized by using an eddy-current coupling between the wind turbine and the alternator and the existing current of the coupling can be automatically regul

28、ated by means of electric devices so as to keep the speed of the alternator practically constant. The features of this system are its compactness, reliability, fine regulation and ease of control. The experimental characteristics will be given and some exploratory viewpoints on the application of sy

29、stem to wind power generation will be presented.INSPEC改写后：Proposes a variable speed, constant frequency and magnitude wind turbine realized by using an eddycurrent coupling between the wind turbine and its alternator. The current to the coupling can be automatically regulated by means of electric de

30、vices so as to keep the speed of the alternator practically constant. The features of the system are its compactness, reliability, fine regulation and ease of control. The experimental characteristics are given and some exploratory viewpoints on the application of this system to wind power generatio

31、n are presented英国INSPEC (Information Services in Physics, Electrotechnology, Computers and Control of the Institution of Electrical Engineers国际物理与工程情报服务部） 尽量避免中国式英语国内论文英语摘要改写示例 尽量避免中国式英语国内论文英语摘要改写示例 二 修改前后论文对比： (1）原摘要前5句用单词84个，占全篇用词（189个）的45%，说的不过是人所共知的风力发电所具优点与困难，不是本文所专有、而是旁文也可通用的一般性概念，没有提到的必要，因此被INSPEC磁带文摘整段砍掉。其余也经删改，共剩85个单词，只留原摘要的45%。(2）INSPEC将原摘要第六句的开场套话For solving this problem, this paper 删去，并把谓语presents 换成Proposes; 取消由when 引出的状语从句；全句重新