新概念第二册第78课

1、.N New Concept E English2Lesson 78The Last One?.Words entitle calm nerve concentration suffer symptom temper appetite produce urge satisfaction delighted v. 以以为名为名 v. 使镇定使镇定 n. 神经神经 n. 集中，专心集中，专心 v. 受苦，受害受苦，受害 n. 症状症状 n. 脾气脾气 n. 胃口，食欲胃口，食欲 v. 拿出拿出 v. 力劝，怂恿力劝，怂恿 n. 满意，满足满意，满足 adj. 欣喜的欣喜的. entitle v.

2、以以.为名；为名；授权授权 if something entitles you to something, it gives you the official right to have or do it那本小说被命名为傲慢与偏见。 The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice. 这个执照授权你可以卖药。 This license entitles you to sell drug. Women employees are entitled to a maternity leave of three months.女性员工有权利休三个月的产假。 be en

3、titled to (do) sth.对.享有权利, 值得; 有(做某事)的资格权利记忆: en动词前缀，使.+ title标题 = 使有标题）. calm v. 使镇定；I gave the frightened child some candies to calm him.我给那个吓坏了的小孩一些糖果使他安静下来。 adj. 平静的；After a night of storm, the sea is now calm.一夜暴风雨过后，大海现在很平静。词组拓展： keep calm保持镇定 calm down镇定下来 calm before the storm暴风雨前的平静相关表达： ca

4、lmness n.平静, 冷静, 镇静词义辨析： calm, peaceful, quiet, still calm (relaxed and quiet, not angry, nervous, or upset)主要用于气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的” The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧兰，海上风平浪静。 Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答。. 几个意思相近的词：几个意思相近的词： Peaceful

5、(a peaceful time, place, or situation is quiet and calm without any worry or excitement)指“和平的”表示“没有骚扰和战争的”，如： a peaceful environment和平环境。 quiet (not making much noise, or making no noise at all)指“ 没有吵闹声的”、“ 没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少” 或“全然无声”, 如: He had a quiet life.他过着宁静的生活。 still (quiet and calm)指“没声音的”、“

6、没动静的”, 如: the still hours before dawn黎明前的寂静时刻。. nerve n. 神经神经 EE英译：英译：the feeling of being nervous because you are worried or a little frightened他在演讲的时候紧张死了。他在演讲的时候紧张死了。 He was a bundle of nerves when making the speech.我喝了一大杯啤酒来镇定我的神经。我喝了一大杯啤酒来镇定我的神经。 I drank a large glass of beer to calm my nerves.

7、 词组拓展：词组拓展： get on sb.s nerves使人心烦不安；使使人心烦不安；使人心神不定人心神不定 strain every nerve竭尽全力竭尽全力相关表达：相关表达：nervous adj.神经紧张的，不安的神经紧张的，不安的. concentration n. 集中，专心周围这么多噪音，我几乎不能专心读书。周围这么多噪音，我几乎不能专心读书。 I can hardly concentrate on reading with all that noise around.作为一个同声传译工作者，我必须非常集中精神作为一个同声传译工作者，我必须非常集中精神地听和翻译。地听和翻译

8、。 As a simultaneous translator I must listen and translate with great concentration.相关表达：相关表达： concentrate v. 集中集中记忆点拨：记忆点拨： con（全部）（全部）centr（中心）（中心）ation（名词后缀）（全部在中心）（名词后缀）（全部在中心）. suffer v. 受苦，受害；受苦，受害； EE：to experience physical or mental pain to be in a very bad situation that makes things very d

9、ifficult for you （受损失）（受损失） 我有严重的头疼病。我有严重的头疼病。 I have been suffering from a bad headache.我的奶奶突然就去世了，没受什么痛苦。我的奶奶突然就去世了，没受什么痛苦。 My grandmother died suddenly and didnt suffer. The enemy forces suffered heavy casualties.敌方军敌方军队伤亡损失很大。队伤亡损失很大。. stand(to be able to accept or deal well with a difficult sit

10、uation = tolerate)指精神上坚毅，指精神上坚毅，有决心：有决心： The pain was too intense to stand. 痛苦强烈得痛苦强烈得无法承受。无法承受。 Suffer(to experience physical or mental pain)侧侧重指顺从和克制重指顺从和克制 He suffered their insults in silence. 他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害。他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害。 Tolerate(to be able to accept something unpleasant or difficult, even thou

11、gh you do not like it)主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意有尽管保留但勉强接受之意.辨析 :bear，endure(容忍），stand，suffer,tolerate（承认，忍受） bear (to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation = stand) 广义的指容忍各种事情的能力广义的指容忍各种事情的能力 He cant bear people smoking while hes eating.他他受不了别人

12、在他吃饭的时候吸烟。受不了别人在他吃饭的时候吸烟。 endure(to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining)尤指长期面对痛苦、尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力：艰难的能力：There are limits to what the human body can endure.人体的忍耐力是有限的人体的忍耐力是有限的. symptom n. something wrong with your body or mind which shows that you have a particul

13、ar illness症状；a sign that a serious problem exists征兆 Symptoms include headaches and fever.症状症状包括头疼和发烧。包括头疼和发烧。 Cough is one of the symptoms of having pneumonia.咳嗽是肺炎的症状之一。咳嗽是肺炎的症状之一。 The trike is a symptom of the delcination of economy. 这次罢工是经济衰退的征兆。这次罢工是经济衰退的征兆。 The crime rate is a symptom of social

14、 unrest. 犯罪率是社会不安定的征兆。犯罪率是社会不安定的征兆。. temper n. a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily脾气当他看到室友正在用他的牙刷时他大发脾气。当他看到室友正在用他的牙刷时他大发脾气。 He lost his temper when he saw his roommate using his toothbrush. If he can not learn how to contro his temper, he will lost his job.如果他不能学会控制他的脾气，他就会失去工作。如果他不能学会控制他

15、的脾气，他就会失去工作。词组拓展：词组拓展： keep ones temper忍住气；不发火忍住气；不发火 lose ones temper发火；生气发火；生气 out of temper发火；动怒发火；动怒相关表达：相关表达： good-tempered adj.好脾气的好脾气的 bad-tempered adj.坏脾气的坏脾气的 ill-tempered坏脾气的坏脾气的 even-tempered好脾气的好脾气的 temperamant n.气质，性格气质，性格 a nervous temperament易紧张的性格易紧张的性格. appetite n. 胃口，食欲胃口，食欲吃了太多冰激凌

16、让我都没胃口了。吃了太多冰激凌让我都没胃口了。 Too much ice cream spoiled my appetite. 游泳让我胃口大增。游泳让我胃口大增。 Swimming gives me a great appetite. 词组拓展：词组拓展：lose/have/spoil/give appetite失去食失去食欲，有食欲，破坏食欲，促进食欲欲，有食欲，破坏食欲，促进食欲谚语谚语:Appetite comes with eating. 谚谚胃口越吃越大胃口越吃越大(贪得无厌贪得无厌)。 A good appetite is a good sauce. 谚谚饥不择食。饥不择食。.

17、produce v. to show, bring out, or offer something so it can be seen or considered 拿出；生产；拿出；生产；n. 农业产品农业产品 The old man produced his passport to the officer with trembling hands.老人用颤抖的双手把护照拿给长官看。老人用颤抖的双手把护照拿给长官看。 If you can not produce more evidence, you will be sentenced to death.如果你不能拿出更多的证据你就会被判死刑。

18、如果你不能拿出更多的证据你就会被判死刑。 Grapes produced in this farm are maily used to make wine.这个农场产出的葡萄主要用于造酒。这个农场产出的葡萄主要用于造酒。相关表达：相关表达： product n.产品，产物产品，产物 production n.生产生产 yield v.出产出产, 生长生长. urge v. to strongly advise someone to do something力劝，怂恿；力劝，怂恿；n. 强烈欲望强烈欲望 Jack urged me to resign and start my own busin

19、ess. JACK怂恿我辞职自己创业。怂恿我辞职自己创业。 I urged that you consider this decision carelly. 我我劝你仔细考虑这个决定。劝你仔细考虑这个决定。 I felt a sudden urge to smoke.我有强烈的想吸烟我有强烈的想吸烟的欲望。的欲望。相关表达：相关表达： urgent adj.急迫的，紧张的急迫的，紧张的. satisfaction n. a feeling of happiness or pleasure because you have achieved something or got what you w

20、anted满意，满足满意，满足她从帮助别人的过程中得到很大的满足感。她从帮助别人的过程中得到很大的满足感。 She got great satisfaction from helping others. He looked at his painting with a smile of satisfaction.他看着他的画，露出满意的微笑。他看着他的画，露出满意的微笑。相关表达：相关表达： satisfy v.使满意使满意 satisfactory adj.令人满意的令人满意的 satisfied adj.感到满意的感到满意的dissatisfaction n.不满不满 . delighte

21、d,adj. very pleased and happy 欣喜的欣喜的 We are delighted that the president will be watching our performance.总统将要观看我们的演出，我们很高兴。总统将要观看我们的演出，我们很高兴。 We are delighted to know our best friend had a lovely baby. 我们欣喜的得知我们最好的朋友生了一个可爱我们欣喜的得知我们最好的朋友生了一个可爱的孩子。的孩子。 Jone was delighted when she received the admissi

22、ons letter from Harward University. Jone接到哈佛大学的接到哈佛大学的录取通知书时非常高兴。录取通知书时非常高兴。相关表达：相关表达： delight n. 欣喜欣喜词义辨析：词义辨析： 都含都含“快乐快乐”、“愉快愉快” 意思的词语意思的词语 pleasure delight joy. pleasure （the feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction that you get from an experience）是常用词）是常用词, 指指“以任何形式表现出的或默默的快乐与满足以任何形式表现出的

23、或默默的快乐与满足”。如。如:帮助你是我的快乐。帮助你是我的快乐。 Its my pleasure to help you. delight（a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction）语意比语意比pleasure 强强, 指指“极大的快乐极大的快乐”, 尤指尤指“以一种以一种活泼的态度表现出来的快乐活泼的态度表现出来的快乐”, 如如: The child clapped his hands in delight.那孩子高兴得拍起手来。那孩子高兴得拍起手来。 joy （great happiness and pleasure）指）指“高兴地表现高兴

24、地表现出来的更强烈的快乐和愉快的情绪出来的更强烈的快乐和愉快的情绪”, 如如: Success brought her great joy.成功给她带来极大的快乐。成功给她带来极大的快乐。.Qs to the textuWhat did the author do after reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health?uWhy did his wife suffer during the week when he didnt smoke?uWhat did his friends do during that w

25、eek?uWhat happened at the party?. 【课文讲解课文讲解】 1、After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. an article entitled 题名为题名为的文章的文章在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。词除外。 lit （light，light） v. 点燃

26、点燃 I lit a cigarette. lighted adj. 被点燃的被点燃的 This is a lighted cigarette.2、My friends kept on offering cigarettes and cigars.keep on doing sth. = continue doing sth. 持续不断的做持续不断的做The child was crying loudly, but he kept on watching TV.cigar n. 雪茄雪茄offer sb. sth. 给某人某物给某人某物. 3、They made no effort to hi

27、de their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. make every effort 尽全力，尽一切努力尽全力，尽一切努力 He made every effort to get/at getting the job. make no effort 根本不作努力，毫不费力根本不作努力，毫不费力 make no effort to persuade him She wrote the letter with/without effort. 她费力她费力/毫不毫不费力地写了那封信。费力地写了那封信。

28、make effort + to do sth. 努力做努力做 no matter when = whenever 无论何时无论何时 no matter who = whoever 无论是谁无论是谁 no matter where = wherever 无论在哪里无论在哪里 no matter how 无论怎样无论怎样. 4、When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. was more than I could bear = I couldnt bear more

29、 than后面跟一个从句或一个形容词时可后面跟一个从句或一个形容词时可以表示以表示“超出超出”（多用于口语）：（多用于口语）： He was more than pleased with his new room. This was more than I had expectd. 5、Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. anyway 不管如何不管如何 Anyway I love him. Thank you anyway. point out = expl

30、ain 指出，指明指出，指明 Why didnt you point out his mistake to him at that time? He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things.【Special Difficulties】与 keep 有关的短语动词keep on +doing sth. 反复，持续My friends kept on offering me cigarettes.He kept on saying that he was tired. 他不断地说他累了。他不断地说他累了。keep off 不靠

31、近，从不靠近，从离开离开Keep off the flower bed. 请勿进入花坛。请勿进入花坛。Keep your hands off the food. 别动吃的东西。别动吃的东西。keep away from （使（使）不靠近，避开）不靠近，避开Why do you always keep away from me?你为什么总躲着我？你为什么总躲着我？Keep the children away from the river. 别让孩子们去河边。别让孩子们去河边。keep it up 不松劲，保持成绩，继续下去不松劲，保持成绩，继续下去Youve made much progress

32、. Keep it up! 你已取得了很大进你已取得了很大进步。继续努力！步。继续努力！.keep up with 跟上，不落在后面In order to keep up with his classmates, he worked harder than ever.为了跟上同学，他比以往任何时候都更努力。为了跟上同学，他比以往任何时候都更努力。keep out （使）留在外面，（使）不进入（使）留在外面，（使）不进入He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind. 为了挡风，他关上了所有的门窗为了挡风，他关上了所有的门窗16,00

33、0-volt power line. Keep out! 16,000 伏高压线，不可靠近！伏高压线，不可靠近！keep in （把（把）留在里面关在屋里，不出外）留在里面关在屋里，不出外Its very cold today. Wed better keep in. 今天很冷。我们最好别出去。今天很冷。我们最好别出去。When the dog was kept in, it barked loudly. 那条狗被关在屋里时狂吠不止。那条狗被关在屋里时狂吠不止。.Sentence and ExpressionsMy friends kept on offering me cigarettes

34、and cigarskeep (sb.) away (from sth.)（使）某人离开（某物）keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sth. in mind 记住（某事物）keep back 忍住（眼泪），扣下，隐瞒keep in touch with 与保持联系keep off 远离，避开，让开keep up with 跟上，不落在后面Keep 短语举例.summary Having read an article on smoking,the writer smoked his last cigarette.He did not smoke for a

35、 week and his wife suffered because he had a bad temper and a large appetite.Meanwhile friends offered hem cigarettes and were amused to see him produce a packet of sweets from his pocket.When he went to a party,he accepted a cigarette which he was offered by a friend and since then things have retu

36、rned to normal. .Vocabulary at all terribly enormous extremely uncomfortable guiltily delighted normal point out give upadv.根本adv.可怕地, 十分adj.巨大的, 庞大的adv.极端地, 非常地adj.不舒服的, 不安的adv.罪地, 有罪地adj.欣喜的, 快乐的adj.正常的, 正规的v.指出v.放弃Others .Vocabularyarticlecigarettehealthnerveconcentrationpleasuresymptomtemperappe

37、titecigareffortamusementpacketsweetpocketsatisfaction文章香烟健康神经集中, 专心愉快医症状脾气, 情绪食欲, 胃口雪茄努力娱乐, 消遣, 娱乐活动小包裹糖果衣袋, 口袋满意, 满足Nouns .重难点练习：重难点练习： 1 away from 2 off 3 up 4 on 5 out 6 up with 7 in .多选答案：1. a 根据课文第根据课文第1句句After reading an article entitled可以判断，只有可以判断，只有a. Something he had read 与课文的内容相符，其他与课文的内容相

38、符，其他3个选择都与课文内容不符，所以只能选个选择都与课文内容不符，所以只能选a.2. c 根据课文第根据课文第10-11行，只有行，只有c 是课文所暗示的情况，其他是课文所暗示的情况，其他3个选择都与课个选择都与课文实际内容不符，所以应选文实际内容不符，所以应选c.3. b 这是一个一般过去时疑问句，因为前面用助动词这是一个一般过去时疑问句，因为前面用助动词Did 提问，其谓语动词提问，其谓语动词要用原形才符合语法。要用原形才符合语法。a. lit 是是light 的一种过去式和过去分词；的一种过去式和过去分词；c. lighted 也是也是 light 的过去式和过去分词；的过去式和过去分

39、词；d. lighting 是是 light 的现在分词。的现在分词。 以上以上3个选择都不是动词原形，所以都不能选。个选择都不是动词原形，所以都不能选。 只有只有b. light 是动词原形，最是动词原形，最合乎语法，所以选合乎语法，所以选b.4. b 只有只有b. on是正确的，因为该句中的谓语动词是正确的，因为该句中的谓语动词concentrate 后面只能跟介后面只能跟介词词on才符合习惯用法。才符合习惯用法。 concentrate on意思是意思是“全神贯注于，专心于全神贯注于，专心于”，其他，其他3个词都不能同个词都不能同concentrate搭配使搭配使用用。. 5. c 只有只有c. was hungry 最符合语法和题目意最符合语法和题目意思，而其他思，而其他3个选择个选择a. had hungry, b. had hunger, d. hungered 都不符合语法和习惯用法，所以选都不符合语法和习惯用法，所以选c. 6. a 该句需要选一个同前一句中的短语动词该句需要选一个同前一句中的短语动词Kept on offering 意义相同的词组，才能使两个意义相同的词组，才能使两个句子意思吻合。句子意思吻合。 只有只有a. continued to do this (继续做这种事继续做这种事)与与keep