高考英语二轮专题复习定语从句第1、2讲讲义

1、The Attributive clause定语从句（第一讲）关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词有when,where,why 关系词有三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中做主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1who指人，在定语从句中做主语。Theboy

2、swhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。2whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。 Theman(whom/who) youm

3、etjustnowismyoldfriend.3which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。4that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Th

4、epersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。5whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallen.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构相互转换。Theclassroomwhosed

5、oorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomofwhich thedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.请练笔：Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?6. as通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语、介词宾语或表语。as引导限定性定语从句。如果从句所修饰的名词前有such、the same、as出现，后面的定语从句将由as引导，形成such.as，so.as, the same.as，as

6、as这样的固定结构，译为“和一样”。I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他所讲的那样的故事。They made the same HYPERLINK http:/ t _blank mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.他们犯了和其他人在这种场合下会犯的同样错误。as引导非限定性定语从句。as引导非限定性定语从句，往往指代整句话，通常表示“正如-”的意思。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置相对比较灵活，可以位于先行词之前、之后或中间。As is known to everybod

7、y, the moon travels round the earth.众所周知，月亮绕着地球转。To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你们许多人（所做的那样）对事实视而不见是愚蠢的。注意：as常用于一些固定结构中。as is well known to all/ as we all know 众所周知； as has been said before 正如前文所说；as is often the case 是常有的事； as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as is reported 如

8、报道所说； as is expected 正如所料（三）关系副词引导的定语从句1when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。Doyouremembertheyearswhenyoulivedinthecountrysidewithyourgrandparents?你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？2where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasb

9、eenpulleddown.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。3why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryscho

10、olinthecountry,hehadknownwhathe wantedtobewhenhegrewup. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 定语从句（第二讲）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschoo

11、linwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意： 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take ca

12、re of, look for等。 Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正) ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误) 这是我正在找的手表。Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正) Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误） 那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指代人时只可用whom，不可用who或that；关系代词指代物时只可用which，

13、不可用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(正) Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(误) 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正) TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误) 我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,

14、neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife. 迄今为止，他写了部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。 练习：请在下列空白处填入合适的介词。 The man _ w

15、hom she entered the hall was her husband. She still remembers the day _ which she won the prize. Knowledge is the wings _ which we realize our dream. Do you know the girl _ whom the teacher talked just now? （2008上海卷）We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A.

16、 whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which （一） 如何判断关系代词与关系副词用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起 度假的

17、日子。Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。练习：在句中填入合适的关系代词和关系副词。I will never forget the days _ I spent in the countryside. Ill never forget

18、the years _ I worked together with you. Is this the reason _ he refused our offer?This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.We dont accept the reason _ Mary gave us for her absence.This is the mountain village _ I visited last year. （二）以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句A：当先行词是way时，若定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，即way在从句

19、中作状语时，从句用in which或that引导，引导词也可省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。B：如果way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用which或that引导该从句。若引导词在定语从句中作宾语，也可以省略。I think the way (that/ which) he told me is the best.我认为他告诉我的那个方法使最好的。易混知识

20、易错清单易混1定语从句与同位语从句的区别1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很清楚。2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,wh

21、ether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.（同位语从句）我们如何筹集这么多资金，这个问题很难解决。Theideathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位语从句）Thequestion(that)heraisedpuzzledallofus.（定语从句）他提出的问题让我们很为难。Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位语从句）他是否一定会赢得那场比赛，这个问题很难回答。3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。Payattentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.Exercises:请判断下列句子类型。Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall. _The news that he has been admitted by Harvard Un