植生复习题(英文)

1、英文版植物生物学习题集（一）Introduction, Cell Structure Part A 1. Plant life constitutes（组成）98% of the total biomass of the earth. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 2. Having formed during the twentieth century, plant anatomy（解剖学）and plant physiology are the most recently developed areas of botanical（植物学的）study. A: True B

2、: False 正确答案是B 3. In order to survive beyond the twenty-first century, humans will need to A: recycle（使再循环, 反复应用）on a large scale（比例,数值范围）,B: stop the increase in human population. C: practice water and energy conservation（守恒）. D: all of the above. 正确答案是D 4. Which of the following is NOT a feature（特

3、征，起重要作用）of the scientific method? A: hypothesis（假设）B: conjecture（推测,猜想）C: controls D: data collection 正确答案是B 5. The study of plant function is called A: taxonomy.（分类学）B: physiology.（生理学）C: anatomy.（解剖学）D: morphology.（形态学）正确答案是D 6. Dendrochronology（树木年代学）, or the study of tree rings, is an example of

4、 which branch of botany? A: taxonomy.（分类学）B: physiology.（生理学）C: anatomy.（解剖学）D: ecology 正确答案是C 7. Which botanist is credited（信用）with naming and classifying（分类）plants? A: von Helmont B: Carson C: Malpighi D: Linnaeus 正确答案是D 8. What is the name of the book credited with increasing public awareness（知道）

5、of the field of ecology? A: Silent Spring B: Species Plantarum C: Origin of Species 正确答案是A 9. Gregor Mendel is considered the founder of A: plant geography. B: plant genetics. C: cytology. D: plant systematics 正确答案是B 10. Cell biology is also referred to as A: genetic engineering. B: pteridology.（羊齿植

6、物学） C: cytology（细胞学） D: systematics （=taxonomy分类学）正确答案是C 11. Plants will play an important role in space exploration because of their ability to A: generate（产生）oxygen B: produce drugs. C: generate carbon dioxide（.二氧化物） D: produce fiber. 正确答案是A 12. The study of botany has its origins（起源, 由来）in which

7、time period? A: Bronze（青铜）Age B: Victorian Period（维多利亚女王时代） C: Stone Age（石器时代） D: Industrial Revolution 正确答案是C Introduction Cell Structure Part B 1. In contrast（对比, 对照）to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells: A: lack a nuclear envelope.（膜） B: lack genetic material C: have mitochondria（线粒体） D: have ch

8、loroplasts E: have complex chromosomes（染色体）正确答案是A 2. When plants moved from the sea to the land, the most critical（危急的）environmental factor became: A: water. B: carbon dioxide C: minerals D: oxygen. E: light 正确答案是A 3. The two major components（组成成分）of the vascular system are the: A: epidermis and cor

9、k B: xylem and phloem. C: apical meristems and lateral meristems D: cuticle（表皮）and stomata. E: embryo（胚芽）and seed 正确答案是B 4. Primary growth refers to growth: A: originating（起源, 发生）from apical meristems B: originating from the vascular cambium C: originating from the cork cambium D: that is of primary

10、 importance to the plant E: that results in the thickening of stems and roots 正确答案是A 5. Plant _ is the study of the form of plants. A: physiology B: taxonomy（分类学） C: systematics（=taxonomy分类学） D: morphology（形态学） E: anatomy（解剖学）正确答案是D 6. If each gamete（接合体, 配偶子）of a plant has 12 chromosomes, what is t

11、he haploid（单倍体,单一的）chromosome number of that plant? A: 3 B: 4 C: 6 D: 12 E: 24 正确答案是D 7. _ are plastids（质体）that lack chlorophyll but contain carotenoid（类胡罗卜素）pigments. A: Etioplasts 白色(质)体B: Chromoplasts（色素母细胞, 成色素细胞） C: Leucoplasts（白色体）D: Amyloplasts 造粉(质)体E: Chloroplasts 正确答案是B 8. Most likely, mit

12、ochondria（线粒体）and chloroplasts evolved由发展(进化)from: A: portions of the endoplasmic reticulum. （内质网）B: pieces of nuclei C: fragments（碎片）of the plasma（血浆）membrane. D: oil bodies E: bacteria 正确答案是E 9. The _ is the liquid material contained within the tonoplast.（液泡膜）A: matrix（基质）B: stroma（基质）C: cell sap（

13、细胞液）D: nucleoplasm （核原形质, 核浆）E: cytosol（细胞溶质,胞液）正确答案是C 10. A principal（主要的）function of the Golgi bodies is the: A: synthesis（合成） and secretion of cell wall polysaccharides（多醣,聚糖,多聚糖）other than cellulose（纤维素）B: formation（形成）of ATP by oxidation（氧化）of organic（有机的）fuels （能源物质）C: conversion（转化）of radiant

14、 energy （光能）to chemical energy. D: storage of lipids（脂质）as oil bodies E: storage of water, ions（离子）, and secondary metabolites（代谢物）正确答案是A 11. In the cell wall, _ molecules（分子）are united to form microfibrils （微纤维）A: xylan（木聚糖）B: pectin（胶质）C: xyloglucan （glucan葡聚糖）D: cellulose E: glycoprotein（糖蛋白类, 醣蛋

15、白）正确答案是D 12. Which of the following statements about the secondary wall is false? A: It usually is deposited（存放, 堆积）after the cell has stopped growing. B: Glycoproteins（糖蛋白类, 醣蛋白） and enzymes（酶）are usually abundant constituents.（要素）C: The protoplast（原生质体）may die after the secondary wall is laid down

16、. D: It frequently has three distinct（清楚的）layers E: Pectins（胶质） are usually lacking. 正确答案是B Plant Cells and Tissues Part A 1. Apical meristems consist of: A: initials（最初的）only B: primary meristems only. C: immediate derivatives（派生物）only D: initials and primary meristems E: initials and their immedia

17、te derivatives 正确答案是E 2. What three overlapping（重叠, 搭接） processes are involved（有关的）in development? A: cell division, cell enlargement, and cell differentiation B: mitosis（有丝分裂）, meiosis（.减数分裂） and fertilization（授精） C: mitosis, meiosis, and differentiation D: growth, morphogenesis, and differentiatio

18、n E: primary growth, secondary growth, and morphogenesis（形态发生, 形态形成）正确答案是D 3. The tissue that makes up the pith（木髓）and cortex（皮层）is: A: collenchyma B: xylem C: parenchyma D: phloem E: sclerenchyma. 正确答案是C 4. _ is a type of ground tissue composed of cells having thick, often lignified secondary cell

19、walls. A: Collenchyma B: Xylem C: Parenchyma D: Phloem E: Sclerenchyma 正确答案是E 5. Annular annular（环形的, 有环纹的）and helical（螺旋状的）thickenings in secondary cell walls are characteristic of: A: tracheids only. B: vessel elements only C: sieve elements only. D: both tracheids and vessel elements. E: tracheid

20、s, vessel elements, and sieve elements. 正确答案是D 6. A mature sieve element does NOT normally have: A: a nucleus B: a plasma membrane C: smooth endoplasmic reticulum.（内质网）D: plastids. E: mitochondria.（线粒体） 正确答案是A 7. The function of companion cells is thought to be: A: structural support. B: storage of

21、starch C: delivery of substances to sieve-tube elements D: conduction of food from one part of the plant to another. E: transport of water and minerals 正确答案是C 8. Trichomes（藻丝） are: A: a. cells associated with guard cells. B: cells that form the bulk（大多数）of the epidermis. C: waxy（蜡质的）deposits（堆积物, 沉淀

22、物）on the epidermis. D: appendages（附属物）of epidermal cells. E: the cell walls of epidermal cells. 正确答案是D 9. The cuticle of the epidermis consists mainly of: A: cellulose and fats. B: cutin and wax.（蜡状物）C: cellulose and cutin（角质）D: cellulose and wax. E: lignin（木质素）and wax 正确答案是B 10. Which of the follow

23、ing is NOT a component of the periderm? A: phellem（木栓）B: epidermal tissue C: phelloderm（栓内层）D: cork cambium E: cork 正确答案是B Plant Cells and Tissues Part B 1. The tissue found between the endodermis and the epidermis of plants is called the _. A: xylem B: phloem C vascular cambium D: cortex 正确答案是D 2.

24、The food storage tissue of the root is the _. A: cortex B: endodermis C: xylem D: phloem 正确答案是A 3. The cell type providing the greatest structural strength to plants is the _. A: fiber cell B: collenchyma cell C: parenchyma cell D: sieve cell 正确答案是A 4. The cell type associated primarily with plant d

25、ifferentiation and growth is the _. A: xylem cell B: meristematic（分生组织的）cellC: phloem cell D: epidermal cell 正确答案是B 5. Which organelle（细胞器官）is associated with protein synthesis in plants? A: mitochondrion B: Golgi body (dictyosome) C: ribosome D: protocytoplasmic body 正确答案是C 6. Which structure is le

26、ast related to the others? A: plastid B: nucleus C: cell wall D: mitochondrion 正确答案是C 7. The organelle that captures（俘获, 捕获）light energy is the _. A: mitochondrion B: chloroplast C: nucleus D: leucoplast（白色体）正确答案是B 8. Ribosomes are associated with the _. A: rough endoplasmic reticulum （内质网）B: smooth

27、 endoplasmic reticulum C: nucleus D: vacuole（液泡）正确答案是A 9. Cell support is provided by the _. A: skeleton（骨架）B: fluid（流动的） matrix （基质）C: cytoskeleton D: exoskeleton（外骨骼）正确答案是C 10. Movement of hydrogen ions H+ across a plant membrane requires no ATP. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 11. Membranes facilitate（使容

28、易,促进） cell-to-cell communication. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 12. The movement of ions from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration is known as osmosis. （.渗透作用）A: True B: False 正确答案是B 13. Axillary（叶腋的, 腋生的）buds（芽）are associated with the tip of a shoot.（嫩芽） A: True B: False 正确答案

29、是B 14. The cell type that is alive at maturity and involved（与有关的） with food storage and/or photosynthesis is parenchyma. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 15. An example of an undifferentiated plant tissue would be the procambium.（原形成层） A: True B: False 正确答案是A 16. A trichome（毛状体） is an extension（.扩充）of an epi

30、dermal cell. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 17. An apical meristem can be found in an axillary bud.（腋芽）A: True B: False 正确答案是A Plant Cells and Tissues Part C 1. The helical（螺旋状的）structure of a DNA molecule（分子） can be viewed with a stereomicroscope.（立体显微镜）A: True B: False 正确答案是B 2. In plant cells, the secon

31、dary wall is deposited （堆积）to the inside of the primary wall. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 3. Cytoplasmic（细胞质的） streaming（流动） is the process whereby（为何）organelles move in a current（趋势,）within the cytosol.（细胞溶质,胞液）A: True B: False 正确答案是A 4. Vacuoles（液泡） are membrane-bound, empty air spaces, which make up

32、to 90% or more of the cells volume. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 5. In higher plants, mitosis occurs in the vascular cambium and the meristems. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 6. During anaphase (细胞分裂的后期), the vesicles（小泡） of the phragmoplast（成膜体）fuse（融合）into a flattened（平的）hollow cell plate. A: True B: False 正确

33、答案是B 7. The endoplasmic reticulum（内质网） is a system of flattened sacs（囊）and tubes（管子）associated with the storage and transport of proteins. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 8. The cytoplasm of a cell consists of A: the cytosol（细胞液）and organelles. B: only salts C: cell fragments（碎片）D: the plasma membrane and c

34、ell wall 正确答案是A 9. What is the name given to the tiny strands of cytoplasm that extend between adjacent cells? A: nuclear pores B: middle lamella C: plasmodesmata（胞间连丝）D: microfibrils 正确答案是C 10. Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal（核醣体的） RNA? A: vacuole（液泡）B: nucleolus C: leucop

35、last l（白色体）D: mitochondrion 正确答案是B 11. Which plastid synthesizes and stores starch? A: proplastid（原生质体）B: chloroplast C: chromoplast （有色体）D: amyloplast （造粉体）正确答案是D 12. Microtubules（微管）and microfilaments（微丝,微纤丝）constitute which part of the cells ultrastructure（超微结构,亚显微结构）? A: cytoskeleton（细胞骨架）B: nuc

36、leus C: cell wall D: all of the above 正确答案是A 13. Which organelle is associated with the synthesis, secretion, and storage of proteins? A: leucoplast B: ribosome C: vacuole D: chromatin （染色质）正确答案是B 14. Why are mitochondria（线粒体） called the powerhouses（发电站）of the cell? A: They make carbon and fats read

37、ily容易地available to the cell. B: They accumulate（积聚, 堆积）where energy is needed. C: They release（释放）energy from respiration（呼吸作用）D: All of the above. 正确答案是D 15. During which interval（时间间隔） of interphase（细胞的间期）does DNA replication.（复制）take place? A: cytokinesis（细胞浆移动, 原浆移动）B: G2 C: S D: G1 正确答案是C 16. D

38、uring which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles? A: metaphase（中期）B: prophase（前期）C: telophase（末期）D: none of the above 正确答案是C 17. What is the name given to the two coiled（盘绕）, thick strands of a chromosome, which are united by a centromere（着丝点, 着丝粒）? A: chroma

39、tids（染色单体）B: kinetochores（动粒, 着丝粒, 着丝点）C: spindle fibers（纺锤体）D: homologous（同源的）chromosomes 正确答案是A 18. Which of the following statements about animal cells is true? A: They do not form cell plates during mitosis. B: They do not have plastids C: They form centrioles（中心体） during mitosis D: All of the a

40、bove 正确答案是D 19. The microtubules that extend from the centromeres（着丝点, 着丝粒） to the poles during mitosis are called A: dictyosomes.（高尔基体）B: endoplasmic reticulum C: spindle fibers （纺锤体）D: satellites （星射线）正确答案是C Plant Cells and Tissues Part D 1. Parenchyma cells containing numerous许多的chloroplasts are

41、called sclerenchyma. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 2. Lateral conduction of water occurs in long-lived, horizontal（水平的）parenchyma cells called rays. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 3. Water movement between tracheid cells occurs only when the torus（花托, 花床, 圆环面）is in the center of the pit pair. A: True B: False 正确

42、答案是A 4. Specialized epidermal cells called lenticels（皮孔）border（与.接近）stomata on the surface of leaves. A: True B: False 正确答案是B 5. The periderm is composed of cork cells, replaces the epidermis, and constitutes组成the outer bark（树皮）in woody plants. A: True B: False 正确答案是A 6. Which of the following is NO

43、T a primary meristem? A: ground meristem B: protoderm C: cork cambium D: procambium 正确答案是C 7. Which type of meristem develops at intervals（时间间隔）along the stem in the vicinity（邻近, 附近）of nodes节点？A: apical meristem B: intercalary（居间的） meristem C: lateral meristem D: vascular cambium 正确答案是B 8. Sclerids

44、and fibers are two forms of A: sclerenchyma B: epidermal tissue C: parenchyma D: transfer cells 正确答案是A 9. Celery（芹菜）strings are an example of A: periderm. B: collenchyma C: xylem D: none of the above 正确答案是B 10. In tracheid cells, pits are A: areas in which no secondary walls have developed B: formed

45、 wherever two tracheids are in contact with one another. C: necessary for water transfer. D: all of the above 正确答案是D 11. What is the name of the cell that is closely associated with sieve tube members in phloem tissue? A: sieve plate B: lumen（内腔）C: companion cell D: chlorenchyma（绿色组织）正确答案是C 12. What

46、 is the name of the multi-layered（多层）epidermis covering the aerial（气生的）roots of an orchid （兰花）? A: procambium B: root cap C: root hair D: velamen（根被）正确答案是D 13. Cutin（角质）is defined.（定义）as A: the cells surrounding the stomata. B: a fatty substance secreted by epidermal cells C: a type of multi-layered

47、 epidermis D: specialized parenchyma 正确答案是B 14. Which of the following is a function of the epidermis? A: resistance（抵抗, 阻抗）to water loss B: resistance to pollution C: resistance to pathogens（病原体(物)）D: all of the above 正确答案是D 15. The function of lenticels（皮孔）is to A: prevent water loss B: provide ga

48、s exchange C: produce new bark. D: produce suberin 正确答案是B 16. Which of the following is an example of a secretory substance? A: suberin（软木脂）B: latex（乳汁, 乳胶, 橡胶）C: albumin（清蛋白, 白蛋白）D: all of the above 正确答案是B Root and Plant Mineral Nutrition Part A 1. Which of the following is NOT a function generally

49、 associated with roots? A: storage B: anchorage （固着）C: photosynthesis D: conduction E: absorption 正确答案是C 2. The columella（囊轴）is: A: a component of the mucigel （粘胶质）B: a component of the amyloplast（造粉体）C: a column（柱壮物）of cells in the root apical meristem D: responsible for the absorption of water and

50、 minerals E: the central column of cells in the rootcap. 正确答案是E 3. The region of cell division in a growing root: A: is responsible for most of the increase in length of the root. B: contains the apical meristem and nearby cells. C: contains most of the cells that are differentiating. D: contains ro

51、ot hairs. E: is sharply delimited from the adjacent region. 正确答案是B 4. Root hairs arise from cells of the: A: vascular cylinder. （维管柱）B: pericycle.（中柱鞘）C: cortex D: epidermis. E: endodermis. 正确答案是D 5. In what root tissue are Casparian strips located? A: cortex B: epidermis C: xylem and phloem D: xyle

52、m only E: phloem only 正确答案是A 6. Lateral roots arise in the: A: xylem B: epidermis. C: pericycle D: root hairs E: rootcap. 正确答案是C 7. In roots, phloem most commonly occurs: cork 正确答案是C 9. Which of the following statements about aerial roots is FALSE? A: They are adventitious （不定的）roots B: Some serve a

53、s prop（支持）roots. C: They are produced from below ground structures. D: If in contact with the soil they absorb water and minerals. E: Red mangrove（红树林） and ivy（常春藤）produce aerial（气生的）roots 正确答案是C 10. Fleshy roots have an abundance of: A: xylem. B: phloem C: parenchyma. D: pericycle.（中柱鞘）E: endodermi

54、s 正确答案是C Root and Plant Mineral Nutrition Part B 1. A short, upright（垂直的）, subterranean（地下的）stem covered by fleshy leaf bases is a _. A: corm（球茎, 球根）B: bulb（鳞茎）C: rhizome（根茎, 根状茎）D: stolon （匍匐茎）正确答案是B 2. Roots that arise from leaves are termed _. A: rhizomes （根茎, 根状茎）B: leaf roots C: adventitious ro

55、ots D: stolons （匍匐茎）正确答案是C 3. Mucigel （粘胶质）formed by the root cap functions in _. A: lubrication（润滑）B: water absorption C: protection D: lubrication, water absorption and protection 正确答案是D 4. The region(s) of the root in which root hairs form is (are) the _. A: region of maturation B: region of cell division C: region of elongation D: regions of maturation, cell division and elongation 正确答案是A 5. The Casparian strip is associated with the _. A: pericycle B: cambium C: endodermis D: cortex 正确答案是C 6. B