2014届高三英语一轮收尾二轮起航（考情前瞻 热点自测 考点诠释 跟踪演练 名师技能策略）名词、冠词和主谓一致专题课件

1、名词、冠词和主谓一致年份数量考点201320122011名词名词词义辨析6108抽象名词具体化010名词的固定搭配100年份数量考点201320122011冠词冠词的基本用法668冠词的固定搭配231主谓一致3231. (2021湖北高考)Poetry written from theof the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. A. perspectiveB. priorityC. participation D. privilege【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:

2、 从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往揭示他们缺乏归属感的焦虑。A项“角度; B项“优先考虑的事; C项“参加; D项“特权。根据句意可知选A项。2. (2021湖北高考)Carbon dioxide, which makes a_between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. A. difference B. comparisonC. connection D. barrier【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 二氧化

3、碳在我们和太阳之间形成了一道屏障, 它可以防止热量轻易逃离大气层, 结果地球变得更暖和了。A项“不同, 差异; B项“比较; C项“联系; D项“障碍。根据句意可知选D项。3. (2021江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with. A. curiosity B. satisfactionC. envy D. patience【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 无论我什么时候犯错误, 老师都耐心地把它们指出来。curiosity好奇; satisfaction满意; envy羡慕, 嫉妒; patience耐

4、心。根据句意, 选D。4. (2021辽宁高考)The accident caused someto my car, but its nothing serious. A. harmB. injuryC. ruinD. damage【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 这起事故对我的车造成了一些损伤, 但是并不严重。A项指各种伤害、危害。常构成do harm to结构; B项指伤口, 多指人体上的伤害; C项表示消灭; D项多用于物品的损坏, 是可以修复的。应选D。5. (2021天津高考)While she was in Paris, she developed afor fine art.

5、A. way B. relationC. taste D. habit【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 在巴黎时, 她对美术产生了兴趣。way方法, 道路; relation关系, 亲戚; taste味道, 品味, 爱好, 兴趣; habit习惯。根据句意选C。6. (2021浙江高考)As the worlds population continues to grow, theof food becomes more and more of a concern. A. worth B. supplyC. package D. list【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 随着世界人口的持

6、续增加, 食物供给越来越受到人们的关注。worth价值, 用途; supply供给; package包裹; list名单, 清单。应选B。7. (2021江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take afor the better. A. shareB. chanceC. turn D. lead【解析】选C。考查名词的固定搭配。句意: 有了源于其他饮食文化的灵感, 美国饮食文化有望变得更好。take a turn for the better为固定短语, 意为“好转。8. (202

7、1福建高考)The“Chinese Dreamisdream to improve peoples well-being anddream of harmony, peace and development. A. the; aB. a; a C. a; theD. the; the【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意: 中国梦是一个提高人民幸福的梦, 也是一个和谐、和平和开展的梦。两个空都表示泛指, 故都用a。9. (2021新课标全国卷)Four andhalf hours of discussion took us up to midnight, andbreak for cheese, cho

8、colate and tea with sugar. A. a; a B. the; theC. 不填; the D. a; 不填【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: 四个半小时的讨论让我们待到半夜, 中间休息时, 吃了一些奶酪和巧克力, 喝了加糖的茶。表示“四个半, 英语用four and a half; break表示“中间休息时, 常用单数形式, 在其前面加不定冠词。由此可知选A。10. (2021山东高考)It wascold winter night and the moon was shining brightly acrossnight sky. A. 不填; a B. a; theC

9、. the; a D. the; 不填【解析】选B。考查冠词。句意: 这是一个寒冷的冬夜, 月亮在黑暗的夜空中闪闪发光。第一空属于泛指, 这是一个寒冷的冬夜; 第二空sky为独一无二的事物, 用定冠词the, 所以选B。11. (2021重庆高考)The parents were shocked bynews that their son neededoperation on his knee. A. a; / B. the; /C. the; an D. a; an【解析】选C。考查冠词。句意: 父母被儿子膝盖需要动手术这个消息震惊了。这个消息特指“儿子膝盖需要动手术的消息, 故使用定冠词t

10、he; “手术为可数名词并且是泛指, 名词operation以元音音素开头, 故使用an。12. (2021陕西高考)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on_Pacific Ocean on his way to Java inthirteenth century. A. the; a B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; the【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意: 据说, 在13世纪马可波罗在去爪哇岛的途中在太平洋上航行过。通常在江河湖海等名词前加定冠词the; 第二个空在序数词前, 表特指, 用定冠词the。应选D。13. (2021新课标全国卷

11、) India attained _independence in 1947, after_ long struggle. A. 不填; a B. the; aC. an; 不填 D. an; the【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: 印度在长期抗争后, 于1947年获得独立。independence是不可数名词, 在其前面通常不加冠词; struggle表示“努力, 奋斗时, 常用作可数名词, 在其单数名词形式前面加不定冠词表示数量“一。14. (2021浙江高考)People developpreference for a particular style of learning atearl

12、y age and these preferences affect learning. A. a; an B. a; 不填C. 不填; the D. the; an【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 人们在年龄很小的时候养成了对某种学习方式的偏爱, 而这些偏爱又影响着学习。首先第一个空用a, 因为have/develop a preference for. . . 为固定句型; 第二个空仍然用不定冠词, 因为此时age并不是特定的, 而是不定的。应选A。15. (2021福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, to perform

13、 at the opening ceremony of the 2021 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invitedC. have been invited D. has been invited【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 著名的音乐家及其学生受邀在2021年台北花博会开幕式上表演。as well as连接两个并列的名词作主语, 谓语动词应和前面的名词一致, 故排除A、C两项。此题只是陈述在过去的时间发生的事, 故用一般过去时, 由于the famous musician和invite之间是被动关系, 应选B。16. (2021

14、江苏高考)Generally, studentsinner motivation with high expectations from othersessential to their development. A. is B. are C. wasD. were【解析】选A。考查主谓一致和时态。句意: 一般说来, 学生的内在动机和来自于他人的高期望值对他们的开展是必要的。此处考查主谓一致中的就前原那么, 除了with外, 还有together with, along with, as well as, but, except, rather than等。根据就前原那么, 谓语动词的数应与i

15、nner motivation一致, 因此使用单数形式, 排除B项和D项。然后根据generally确定使用一般现在时, 因此答案为A。17. (2021湖南高考)The university estimates that living expenses for international studentsaround $8, 450 a year, whicha burden for some of them. A. are; is B. are; areC. is; are D. is; is【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意: 这所大学估计一名国际生的生活开销每年大约是8 450美元, 这

16、对其中的一些学生来说是一大负担。living expenses生活开销, 为复数名词, 故谓语动词用复数; $8, 450为金钱概念, 谓语动词用单数。热点考向 1 名词词义辨析1. 主要考点: 高考命题对于名词的考查强调语言的语境应用, 借助于真实的语言环境测试学生的运用词汇的能力。2. 突破技巧: (1)平时要注重对常见名词用法的积累, 了解其在各种语境下的应用, 确保在考试时能手到擒来。(2)注意名词的熟词生义用法。在熟练掌握名词的根本意义和用法的同时, 要特别留意某些名词的根本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。【真题变式】写出本句中point的含义。(2021江西高考)Whats

17、the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? _point本义是“点, 要点, 地点, 程度, 引申义“意义热点考向 2 抽象名词具体化表示某种特性、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词, 还可以表示具体的人或物, 可与不定冠词 a(n)连用。常见的有: 抽象名词具体意义surprise惊讶, 惊奇a surprise让人吃惊的人或事success成功a success成功的人或事disappointment失望a disappointment让人失望的人或事pleas

18、ure快乐, 高兴a pleasure令人高兴的事pity同情a pity令人遗憾的事抽象名词具体意义failure失败a failure失败的人或事relief安慰, 放心a relief感到宽慰或放心的事concern关心, 担心a concern一件关心或担心的事【真题变式】分析句子, 写出comfort的用法。(2021山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. _ _comfort作“抚慰、舒适讲, 为不可数名词; 而在句中acomfort作“一件给人带来舒适的东西讲, 为可数名

19、词热点考向 3 名词的固定搭配1. 主要考点: (1)考查某些特定的名词固定短语搭配在具体语境中的用法。(2)常见的名词短语搭配: have/gain access to取得使用时机take. . . into consideration把考虑在内take advantage of 利用in the distance 在远处make room for 为腾出空间catch sight of 发现, 突然看见beyond belief 难以置信的on condition that 以为条件, 只要make contact with 与取得联系out of question 毫无疑问make a

20、compromise 妥协, 折中; 做出让步in possession of 拥有on the whole 从整体而言, 总的来说2. 突破技巧: 在处理此类题目时, 一要读懂句子的题干意义, 二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。【真题变式】完成句子。(2021安徽高考)I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and _. 从Sara还是个小女孩时起, 我就没再见过她, 她现在已经变得让人认不出了。she has changed beyond recognition热点考向 4 冠词的根本用法1. 定冠词的常考用法: (1)用

21、于特指, 表示特定的人或物, 尤其是当说话人再次谈到第一次提到的某名词时, 此时要用the表示特指; (2)用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级前; (3)用于姓氏复数前, 表示姓某姓的一家人或夫妇二人; (4)用于年代、朝代、时代的名词或由普通名词组成的专用名词前; (5)用于表示江河、山脉、海洋、地球等独一无二的东西以及表示方位或创造物的名词前; (6)用于形容词或分词前, 表示一类人或物; (7)用在表示两个人或事物中比较的一个; (8)用在表示计量单位的名词前, 如by the day, by the dozen, by the hour, by the yard等; (9)“动词+sb.

22、+介词+the+身体部位名词结构中的the不可用人称代词替换。2. 不定冠词的常考用法: (1)用于单数可数名词前, 表示数量“一; 在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a, an表示“一份, 一阵, 一场, 一类等; (2)用于抽象名词具体化的情况; (3)a, an与比较级连用在否认句中表示最高级意义; (4)用于序数词前, 表示“又一, 再一; (5)在专有名词前表示“某一个, 相当于a certain; (6)用于“a+most+形容词+名词结构, 译为“一个非常的。3. 零冠词的常考用法: (1)表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词时不用冠词; (2)表示四季、星期、月

23、、节假日、三餐、球类运动、语言、学科名词、交通方式等名词前; (3)表示头衔、职务的名词在充当句中同位语、表语和补足语时, 名词前不用冠词; (4)as/though引导的让步状语从句中, 如果作表语的是名词置于名词前面, 通常单数名词前不用冠词; (5)no与such连用修饰名词时, such之后的名词采用零冠词用法。【真题变式】用适当的冠词填空。(2021重庆高考)Sam has been appointed _manager of the engineering department to take _place of George. (2021安徽高考)Carl is studying

24、 _food science at college and hopes to open up_ meat processing factory of his own one day. (2021全国卷)He missed_ gold in the high jump, but will get_ second chance in the long jump. (2021江西高考)Its said John will be in a job paying over $60, 000_year. Right, he will also get paid by _ week. 不填the不填athe

25、aathe热点考向 5 冠词的固定搭配1. 在以下短语中, 常用不定冠词a, an而不能用定冠词the, 也不能将其省略。常见的有: a collection of have a gift for in a hurryonce in a while go on a diet offer/give sb. a liftall of a sudden make a choice at a lossa waste of time/money a matter ofcome to an end have a bad coldhave a good/hard/pleasant timehave a kn

26、owledge of(知道, 精通, 了解)(have)a deep/better understanding of2. 在一些习惯搭配中, 常用定冠词the, 且不能省略。常见的有: make the best ofin the end in the habit ofon the phone in the distance on the other handto tell the truth on the radio by the wayfor the time being3. 在一些成对出现的短语和某些固定短语中名词前不用冠词。常见的有: come to lightat nooncome

27、to powerout of work out of order in dangerout of sight ahead of time in debtunder repair by mistake catch fireday and night on second thoughtscome straight to point【真题变式】用适当的冠词填空。(2021江西高考)The Smiths dont usually like staying at_hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by_s

28、ea. (2021辽宁高考)I woke up with_bad headache, yet by_evening the pain had gone. 不填theathe【命题小试】请根据以下内容命制一道考查冠词的题目。On seeing the gift they wanted, the kids screamed with delight. 【参考答案】On seeinggift they wanted, the kids screamed withdelight. A. /; aB. a; theC. the; /D. the; a【解析】选C。第一个空中提到的gift为特指, 故要用

29、定冠词the; 而第二空后的名词delight为抽象名词, 其前通常不用冠词。热点考向 6 主谓一致1. 单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句作主语时谓语动词用单数。2. 当单数名词由every, each, any, no, many a, more than one等来修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 由or, nor, either. . . or, neither. . . nor, not only. . . but also连接并列主语时, 通常根据就近原那么, 谓语动词的单复数要与靠近主语的名词在数上保持一致。4. 在with, together with, alo

30、ng with, as well as, rather than, but, except等结构前后引导并列主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些介词短语之前的名词或代词的数的形式。5. “分数/百分数+of +名词/the rest of作主语, 谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于of之后的名词。6. a number of, a variety of, a group of修饰可数名词, 谓语动词用复数; the number of, the variety of接名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。7. a quantity of, an amount of后接不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数; qu

31、antities of, amounts of之后接不可数名词, 谓语动词一般用复数形式。8. whoever引导的名词性从句及anyone之后who引导的定语从句的谓语动词, the(only)one of+复数名词之后的定语从句谓语动词等要用单数形式。【真题变式】用所给动词的适当形式填空。(2021天津高考)The letters for the boss _(put)on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later. (2021湖南高考)All the scientific evidence_(show)that incr

32、easing use of chemicals in farming_(be)damaging our health. were putshowsis(2021湖南高考)One-third of the country_(be)covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_(be)black people. (2021安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which_(be)saved for other purposes. (2021全国卷

33、)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_(wear)evening dress. isarewerewears易错点 1 不了解名词的熟词生义(母题)(2021福建高考)Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? Well, you know, English is my. So it is my best choice. A. strength B. talentC. abilityD. skill【解析】选A。考查名词

34、词义辨析。句意: 你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作? 噢, 你知道, 英语是我的强项。因此这是我最好的选择。strength长处; talent才华, 天赋; ability能力; skill技能。(变式)Why did you choose him to work in your travel agency? Well, you know, hisis the envy of our colleagues. A. strengthB. talentC. abilityD. skill【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 你为什么选择他在你的旅行社工作? 噢, 你知道, 我们的同事都羡慕他的才能

35、。talent在句子中意为“才能, 与语境相符。【误区点拨】常用名词的熟义和生义 名词熟义生义failure失败, 故障衰弱, 减退performance表演, 演出表现, 成绩strength体力, 力量优势, 长处point点, 要点, 地点意义honor荣誉, 信用尊重form形式表格cause原因事业practice实践, 练习惯例, 常规做法knowledge知识知道, 了解易错点 2 抽象名词前误用冠词(母题)(2021福建高考)Itsgood feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives themp

36、leasure. A. 不填; aB. a; 不填C. the; aD. a; the【解析】选B。句意: 对于人们来说, 欣赏带给他们快乐的上海世博会是一种美好的感觉。feeling指伤心或快乐的感觉时通常用作可数名词; pleasure“愉快, 快乐, 通常用作不可数名词。(变式)For some women, shopping is not only an essential part of their life, but alsopleasure they can have. A. a B. theC. 不填 D. one【解析】选A。句意: 对于一些女性而言, 购物不仅是她们生活中不

37、可缺少的局部, 同时也是她们可以分享的一份快乐。句中的pleasure为抽象名词具体化用法, 意思为“让人感到快乐的事。【误区点拨】零冠词+抽象名词=抽象概念不定冠词+抽象名词=具体概念易错点 3 与比较级和最高级连用时误选冠词(母题)I found itmost challenging task I had undertaken, as I had never experiencedmore difficult situation. A. the; aB. a; theC. an; theD. the; an【解析】选A。句意: 我发现这是我所从事过的最具挑战性的任务, 因为我从来就没有经历

38、过更艰难的情况。第一个空为形容词的最高级, 要用the; 而在第二句中否认式与形容词的比较级连用, 要用不定冠词, 构成“a(n)+形容词的比较级+名词的结构形式。(变式)Although it wasmost challenging task, I would do whatever I could to achievegoal we have set. A. a; a B. the; aC. a; theD. /; a【解析】选C。句意: 尽管这是一个非常具有挑战性的任务, 然而我会尽一切努力来实现我们确定的目标。第一个空之后的most challenging表示“非常具有挑战性的, 此处

39、most相当于very, 故要用不定冠词a; 而句中的goal之前加定冠词the表示特指。【误区点拨】不定冠词a(n)+形容词最高级=非常的; 定冠词the+形容词最高级=最的; 否认式+a(n)+形容词比较级=从来就没有过更的某人或物。(表示最高级的含义)易错点 4 误用零冠词(母题)(2021浙江高考)Experts think thatrecently discovered painting may bePicasso. A. the; 不填 B. a; theC. a; 不填D. the; a【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意: 专家认为, 最近发现的这幅画可能是毕加索的一幅作品。根据句意可

40、以知道, 第一个空格应该是特指的, 所以用the; 第二个空格为毕加索的一幅作品, 表示“一个, 所以用a。(变式)We haveZhu Jun in our office. Of course notZhu Jun who hosts programs on CCTV. A. a; theB. the; aC. an; theD. a; /【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 我们办公室里有一个叫朱军的, 但当然不是在中央电视台主持节目的那个朱军。一般情况下, 在人名前不加冠词, 但是在表示姓某姓或名叫什么的一个人时, 要加不定冠词, 而表示特指的姓某姓的或名叫什么的人, 那么要用定冠词the

41、。【误区点拨】a(n)+某人的姓名=姓某姓的一个人或其物品the+某人的姓名=特指姓某姓的或叫什么的人1. (2021凉山模拟)The captain was hit bybullet and he was wounded inarm. A. a; theB. a; /C. /; theD. /; /【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意: 将军被子弹打中了, 胳膊上受伤了。bullet为可数名词, 根据句意可知表示泛指, 故用不定冠词; 根据“v. + sb. +介词+the +身体部位的用法, 可知第二个空要填定冠词the。2. Michael was set free very soon beca

42、use of a lack ofthat he was guilty. A. doubtB. conclusionC. evidenceD. belief【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 因为缺少他有罪的证据, Michael很快就被释放了。doubt疑心; conclusion结论; evidence证据; belief信念, 信仰。C项符合句意。3. (2021南京模拟)Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach abetween parentsexpectations and their kidsdesires. A. commitment B

43、. comprehensionC. cooperation D. compromise【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 有时要在父母的期望和孩子的意愿之间达成妥协有点挑战性。reach a compromise为名词短语搭配, 意为“达成妥协, 符合句意。4. (2021苏州模拟)As expected, the boy who shows greatin playing badminton has been admitted to the sport university for his talent. A. requirement B. respect C. addition D. pr

44、omise【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 正如预料的那样, 这个在打羽毛球方面大有前途的男孩因为其才能已经被体育大学录取了。show great promise大有希望, 大有前途, 符合题意。5. Problems with childcare remain the biggestto women succeeding at work. A. strengthB. barrierC. desireD. comfort【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: 照看孩子的问题依然是事业成功的女性的最大障碍。strength体力, 长处; barrier障碍; desire欲望, 要求; 渴望; c

45、omfort抚慰。6. (2021雅安模拟)It is noarguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. timeD. way【解析】选A。考查固定用法。句意: 和比尔争论是没有用的, 因为他不会改变主意的。It is no use doing sth. 做某事是没有用的, 为固定用法。7. (2021北京模拟)I have joinedhealth club across the street to get inshape. A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. the; theD. a; a【解析】选A。考查冠词用法。句意: 为了保持体形, 我参加了街道对面的那家健身俱乐部。句中的health club之前加the, 表示特指, 而get in shape是个固定短语, 名词shape之前不加冠词。由此可知, 此题正确答案为A。8. If you keep on writing, you will havebrighter future, likely to becomeJ. K. Rowling. A. the; aB. the; theC. a; a D. a; the【解析】选C。考查冠词用法