专题05：阅读长难句分析+能力综合练-2022年高考二轮复习能力提升精品讲义15讲（上海）.docx

1、阅读长难句分析+阅读C篇Develop childrens lifelong learning ability词汇拓展词汇拓展词汇拓展词汇拓展专题突破专题突破实战演练实战演练能力提升练能力提升练One of the strongest criticisms against ESP is that in order for it to exist, the fundamental laws of physics would necessarily have to be broken.Human beings are attracted to the whole range of supernat

2、ural phenomena. ESP will always continue to fascinate. This becomes clear when we see how much of the media is dedicated to the topic: magazines, journals, web sites, television and radio programs. Some of the most successful films in recent years have fuelled interest among the younger generations

3、who are starting to ask the same questions and to look for explanations for the same phenomena as their parents and grandparents before them. Who knows? One day we might just find these answers because one thing is certain: The truth is out there!”According to the 1st paragraph, a psychic can do the

4、 following EXCEPT.A. read what his parents are thinking aboutB. transmit one friends thought to anotherC. predict whatll happen at tomorrows meetingD. change the position of a chair without touching it答案：B解析：细节题.考查对句子意思的理解能力，由第一段可以知道，a psychic能recieve transmitted thoughts from others, to transmit th

5、eir own thoughts, to see what will happen in the future or to be able to move objects from one pleace to another without physics.只有B选项是无法做到的，因为他们只能输送他们自己的想法, 不能把别人的想法输送给另外一个人。74. The underlined word skeptical“ in the second paragraph can be replaced with.A. enthusiasticB. doubtfulC. particularD. cur

6、ious答案：B解析：词义理解题由下文的出现的turn out可以推出，是对这个现象很怀疑，所以才有后面的turn out（论证过程）.75. What can be learned about the book Extra-Sensory Perception and “the Ganzfield Experiments”?A. They both failed to prove the existence of ESP scientifically.B. They were both the products of casually-designed research.C. Others

7、followed their examples and got the same consequences.D. The writer and the experiment operators lost their fame eventually.答案：A解析：推理题由最后一段Who knows? One day we might just fine these answers可以知道，目前还没有十足的证据来论 证这个，所以这两本书都是无法证明这个现象的存在。76. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Whether ESP exists.B.

8、 How ESP works.C. Who ESP attracts.D. Why ESP fails.答案：A解析：主旨大意题本文一直在讲ESP的话题，先是讨论什么是ESP,然后对ESP表示质疑，进而进行论证，但是到最后都没 有足够的证据证明它的存在。所以A是最符合的。速战演练 _Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices

9、 marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. （2018 复旦附中质量调研）（C）Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir （嗡嗡声）of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Den

10、iliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere （南半球），once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australias rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last Decemb

11、er.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice - from sheep farming, the countrys other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The droughts effect on rice has produced

12、the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages 一 for exam

13、ple, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures beg

14、in to climb. There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place J said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing m

15、odels for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度)of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can ac

16、tually help rice - although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change m

17、ay be relieved, if not completely avoided. “Im not as negative as most people,“ said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. Farmers are learning how to do things differently.”Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grap

18、es instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. Rice is an essential food, “ said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. Wine is not.”By “the mothballing of the mill” (in Paragraph 1) the author most probably means the mill is .A. kept unproces

19、sedB. left unusedC. being entirely restoredD. being pushed roundTo find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage, researchers are .A. seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperatureB. building greenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to growC. studying climate chan

20、ges in China which may affect rice growing in AsiaD. looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of riceWhich of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing.B. Global warming has shown few signs of

21、influence on agriculture.C. Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia.D. Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions.62. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. Australia is the largest rice producing country around the worldB. most people l

22、ook on the bright side of the flexibility of farmersC. climate changes have simply brought negative effects to peoples livesD. wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in AustraliaWhich of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Rice shortage and wine boomB. Drought

23、, the enemy of rice productionC. Rice crisis and its solutionD. Rice issue, a focus of the public attention62. B 63. A 64. D 65. D 66. C.解析：由第一段最后一句可知大米产量因干旱减少了 90%,因此磨坊的工作也大幅下降，不被使用， 故选Bo.解析：由第三段第一句可知，研究人员考虑提前水稻在白天的开花时间，即在更凉爽的时间开花， 故选Ao62 .解析：由第三段第二句可知，大米喜阴，故A错。由第二段可知，全球变暖严重影响农业及畜牧业， 可能带来粮食危机，故B错。由

24、第二段第三句可知，大米价格飞涨，故C错。由第三段最后一句可知 全球变暖还会影响降雨量，故选D。63 .解析：文中并未提及澳大利亚是全球最大的水稻生产国，故A错。第四段第二句指出仅一些专家对 农民们的灵活性持积极态度，故B错。由第四段第二句可知，温室气体有助于水稻生长，故C错。由 第五段第一句可知葡萄种植正取代水稻种植，故选D。64 .解析：本题是一道综合概括题，由全文内容可知，本文核心内容为全球变暖给水稻种植带来的影响， 故选C。能力提升练Grammar and VocabularyDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the

25、 blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Find Happiness without Buying itOur materialistic society has led us to be

26、lieve that happiness cannot be obtained without having money.Rather than learning to be satisfied with what we have, we 21(teach)to want more. We learn fromadvertising, and from the media, _22 we need to buy trinkets and toys in order to make ourselves happy,or _23(fulfill) emotional needs, and that

27、 the purchases they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological comfort we are looking for.Unfortunately, as a society we have bought into these 24(misguide)messages and have come tobelieve that 25_ (spend) money on certain items will bring us fame, fortune, happiness, beauty,

28、or popularity. As a result, we trade hours of our lives working, sacrificing time that _26 have been spent with our families,27_ the pursuit of the almighty dollar.Actually, there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money. For example, Think about _28 you would sp

29、end your time, and what you would do for enjoyment. Change your focus from material possessions to 29_ that bring you enjoyment, such as spending quality time with your family and friends.Certainly, it is important to work and earn enough to provide for our basic needs and the needs of our families,

30、 but it is important to recognize when the desire for personal possessions becomes overly consuming, _30 otherwise will upset a balance between a satisfying work life and a richhome life. The best way to achieve such a balance is to ensure the drive for material possessions does not become all consu

31、ming.【答案】are taught ； that； to fulfill； misguided； spending； could； for； how； others； whichDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. addiction B. downward C.access D. unfair E. urgedF.e

32、ssential G. analytical H. forced I. reliance J. criticized K. fallA pen has always been a(n) (31)tool when it comes to taking exams. However, in this digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past.Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and

33、 allowing students to use laptops(手提电脑)or iPads to take exams instead.The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that students handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The (32)in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the (33)on laptops in lectures and elsewhere.“There has

34、 definitely been a (34)trend. It is difficult for both the students and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts,“ Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at the university, told The Telegraph.As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being (35)to return to univer

35、sity during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators.However, some (36)the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists, (37)Cambridge to “make sure that students contin

36、ue to write by hand, particularly in lectures”. She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.Meanwhile, there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridges examples.In fact, a similar plan was carrie

37、d out for some first- and second-year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011, reported The Scotsman. Senior officials at the university believed it was (38)to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers.The move also echoes th

38、e opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur, known as the father of the flipped classroom (番用转课堂)He believed that the rise of the (39)to mobile internet means that we live in an age in which we dont need to memorize anything. Students should be tested on their creative and (40)skills, rather than the

39、 ability to remember information, he said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September.【答案】FKIBH JEDCGReading ComprehensionDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the work or phrase that

40、 best fits the context.Its no secret that as a population, Americans have been getting heavier, but researchers now say that our weight problem may be worse than we thought.In a study published in the journal PLOS One, lead author Dr. Eric Braverman says that our current measure of obesity (月巴胖症)-bo

41、dy mass index, or BMI significantly (41)the number of people, especially women, who are obese.Braverman and his co-author, Dr. Nirav Shah, studied 1,400 men and women, comparing their BMI measurement to their percentage of body fat, as measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Whil

42、e BMI is a simple ratio of a persons height and weight, the DEXA scan which is normally used to measure body density (密度)can (42)between bone, fat and muscle mass.Based on BMI, about one-third of Americans are considered obese, but when other methods of measuring obesity are used, that number may be

43、 (43)to 60% according to Braverman.Physicians have complained for years that BMI is a(n) (44) measure of healthy weight. Extremely muscular people, (45), may weigh “too much for their height, since dense muscle mass weighs more than fat, thus qualifying as obese even if their bodies contain very lit

44、tle fat. Yet its not extra weight itself, but excess fat that (46)health problems.“People arent being diagnosed as obese, so theyre not being told about their risk of disease or being given (47)on how to improve their health/9 Braverman said. Data show that people who (48) to put on pounds are more

45、likely to continue getting heavier, increasing their risk for a number of diseases.So why is BMI still being used, if its not (49) For now, its the best and easiest way fbr physicians to measure a persons healthy weight while taking into account his or her general body (50). DEXA scans are far too e

46、xpensive to be used as a (51)measure during doctors visits. BMI isnt perfect, but many experts say its the best they have.Still, as results like Bravermans continue to (52), it may be time to consider other ways of tracking weight, and (53) , body fht. Its important to point out the (54) of the BMIJ

47、 Dr.Richard Bergman, director of Cedars Sinais Obesity and Diabetes Research Institute in Los Angeles said. “Its a poor measure of (55), and we do need better measures.”53、41、 A. predictsB. underestimatesC. increasesD. reduces42、 A. compareB. recognizeC. identifyD. distinguish43、 A. closerB. related

48、C. devotedD. key44、 A. importantB. imperfectC. incredibleD. uncertain45 A. for exampleB. in contrastC. in additionD. without doubt46、 A. arises fromB. owes toC. leads toD. goes through47、 A. viewsB. ordersC. instructionD. focus48、A. decideB. startC. hopeD. fear49、A. rightB. recognizableC. popularD.

49、precise5。、 A. structureB. well-beingC. functionD. weight51、 A. specialB. routineC. scientificD. decisive52、A. fill inB. run outC. go downD. build up53、A. in particularB. on occasionC. after allD. in all54、A. mistakesB. failureC. inferiorityD. weakness55、A. healthB.bodyC. fatnessD. diseases【答案】BDABA

50、CCBDA BDADC(C)More than five million different kinds of。喈q丽zs(生物体)live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this 由(多样性).In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and class

51、ifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended

52、to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the ges(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless sinc

53、e many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know th

54、at the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modem taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的)groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and min

55、erals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modem taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeuss classification

56、 system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeuss original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domain

57、s there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most

58、 abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tub