基础医学英语_Fundamental_Unit_3【精美医学课件】

1、 Fundamental Medical English ?根底医学英语? 中国海洋大学出版社 任课教师：山东大学 戈立Teaching Set-up This course is conducted on a one-unit-a week basis preceded by a general introduction to medical English in the first week of the school term. Units chosen are as follows:Unit 7 The Urinary SystemUnit 2 The Musculoskeletal

2、SystemUnit 1 HolismUnit 3 The Nervous SystemUnit 4 The Circulatory SystemUnit 5 The Respiratory SystemUnit 6 The Digestive SystemUnit 13 MedicationUnit 8 The Immune SystemUnit 11 Cloning and GenesUnit 14 MicrobiologyUnit 12 PathologyUnit 15 A Survey of MedicineRoutines for each unit1. Word Formation

3、2. Group Discussion3. Background Knowledge4. Understanding the Text5. AssignmentUnit 3The Nervous Systemneur/o- 神经Word Formation( neuron, neurofibril )necle/o 核( nucleus )gangli/o-, ganglion/o- 神经节gli/o- 胶, 胶质( ganglia )( neuroglia )peri- 周, 周围( peripheral )-tic 的( sympathetic, antagonistic )-ic 的(

4、preganglionic )-atic 的( plasmatic )spin/o- 脊柱( spinal, spine )micro- 小, 微, 细( microtubule )cerebr/o- 脑( cerebrum, cerebral )crani/o- 颅骨( cranial )para- 周, 旁, 副; 异常( parasympathetic )pre- 在前( preganglionic )post- 在后( post ganglionic )enter/o- 肠( enteric )dendr/o-, dendri- 树( dendritic )axo- 轴, 轴突( ax

5、on )medull/o 髓质cyt/o, -cyte 细胞( medulla )( cytoplasm )mito- 线( mitochondrial )-ule (使小后缀)( spinule, tubule )fibr/o- 纤维( neurofibril )Group Discussion1. What do you know about nervous system ?2. Why is the nervous system important to us ?Nervous system The system of cells, tissues, and organs that re

6、gulates the bodys responses to internal and external stimuli. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor and effector organs.There are probably more than 100000 million nerve cells in the body. The nervous system is the sum total of all these, to

7、gether with their nerve fibers, which spread throughout the body, and the various supporting components of nervous tissue.Background Knowledge Like a central processing unit, the nervous system regulates and coordinates many body activities. It is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), inclu

8、ding the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), composed of nerves, ganglia, and receptors. Nerves are divided into sensory nerves, motor nerves, and mixed nerves. Sensory nerves receive impulses from the various systems of the body, such as the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and

9、skin. And bring them to the CNS, while motor nerves conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands. Therefore, sensory nerves are also called afferent nerves, and motor nerves are efferent nerves. Mixed nerves are composed both of sensory and motor nerves.Nervous System OrganizationUnderstandin

10、g the TextPart I General Introduction (para.1-5)Para. 1 Questions: 1.What does this paragraph mainly talk about ? 2. Explain the following: neurons/nerve cells/nuclei/ganglia/neuroglia components and functions of nervous systemPara. 2Question: 3.What are the functions of neurons and neuroglia ? Diff

11、icult Pointsvariety-n. the quality of not being the same 多样化, 变化 e.g. 1) His writing lacks variety. (文体缺乏变化 2) give variety to the programme ( 使节目丰富多彩) 3) Neurons are constructed in various varieties. 神经元的构成是多样的。commonality- n. common characteristicsnerve pulse conduction-神经冲动的传导 regulate- v. 调节 ( r

12、egulator, regulation ) e.g. chemical regulators 化学调节物, 化学调控剂Para.3Question: 4. What are the basic components of neurons ? ( nucleolus n. 核仁 / nucleus 细胞核 )Para. 4 Question: 5. What are the functions of dendrites ? dendritic spinules 微刺dendritic zone 树突区Para. 5Question: 6. What consists of the cytopl

13、asm of axon ? Difficult Pointsprocess-n. projecting part of the body 突起 e.g. articulating process 关节突 ciliary processes 睫状突 mastoid process 乳突 transverse process 横突 xiphoid process 剑突Part II The Central Nervous System ( para. 6-9 )Para. 6Question: 7. What are the components of central nervous system

14、 ?Para. 7-8Question:8. What do these two paragraphs mainly talk about ? Difficult Pointscerebral cortexintegration/integrate 综合; 整合process-n. technical or scientific action 方法 e.g. A process for testing serum samples has been developed in the research laboratory. 实验室研发了一种检测血清样本的新方法。finely tuned- 调节精

15、细的tune v. 调节, 调整; 使和谐, 使一致 e.g. The colors are perfectly tuned to each other. 颜色很协调。 The machine has just been tuned. 机器刚调整过。Para. 9bundled nerve cell processes-成束的神经细胞突起 cerebrumcerebellumpituitaryhypothalamusBrain stemBrainBrain StemMedulla oblongataThe ponsThe midbrainCerebellumDiencephalonGray m

16、atterWhite matterCerebrumHypothalamusThalamusGray matter White matterBasal gangliaPart III The Peripheral Nervous System (para. 10 ) The four groups of nerves that branch from the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions of the spinal cord are called the peripheral nerves. The peripheral nervo

17、us system includes all the nerves and ganglia found outside the brain and spinal cord, more specifically, the cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves. axonal/dendritic processes 轴突/树突 (P40)Synapse Important targets for drugs are found in the synapse. Synapses are found where neurons meet and are centra

18、l to information transfer in the body. Messages are transmitted between neurons via synapses.Part IV Autonomic nervous system (para. 11-14) As part of the Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System is so called because it regulates the functions of the visceral organs and homeostasis involu

19、ntarily and automatically. It acts on glands and smooth muscles, and its effects include control of heart rate and force of contraction, constriction and dilatation of blood vessels, contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in various organs, visual accommodation, pupillary size and secretions fr

20、om exocrine and endocrine glands.Para. 11-12Question: 9. What are the main functions of autonomic nervous system ? Difficult Pointsprocesses-n. 过程sexual excitement- 性兴奋sleep-wakefulness cycle- 睡眠周期Para. 12encompass- v.包括process- v. 处理autonomic motor outflows-自主运动的输出 integrated responses-综合反响 Para. 13-14Question: 10. What are the three major divisions of autonomic nervous system ? What functions do they have respectively ? Difficult Pointstarget cell/organ/tissuee.g. The target cells for adult myeloid leukaemia are located