选修八第三单元语法

1、Grammar 1Grammar动词动词-ed形式作形式作定语定语动词动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语动词动词-ed形式作宾语形式作宾语补足语补足语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词一个单纯的形容词, 除表示除表示“完成完成”的动作之的动作之外外, 还表示还表示“被动被动”的意义。如：的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语英语口语)； iced beer

2、 (冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒)；一、动词一、动词-ed形式作定语形式作定语 cooked food (熟食熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条炸土豆条); 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示常表示“完成完成”的动作的动作, 而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。如意义。如: boiled water(开开水水); fallen leaves(落叶落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳升起的太阳)等。等。 1. The tall man is a returned student. 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My pa

3、rents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语前置定语 单个的动词单个的动词-ed形式形式, 一般放在被修饰一般放在被修饰的名词的前面的名词的前面, 作前置定语。作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again. 虚度的时光虚度的时光, 无法挽回。无法挽回。 (=time which is lost

4、) (2)后置定语后置定语 少数单个动词的少数单个动词的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能作后置定语。作后置定语。1. Everything used should be marked. 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2. Among the invited were some ladies. 被邀请的人中被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。有些是女士。3. The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词动词-ed形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时, 通常要放通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面

5、在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当在意思上相当于一个定语从句。于一个定语从句。及物动词及物动词的过去分词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动作定语用来表示被动, 可改为带被动语可改为带被动语态的定语从句态的定语从句;不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词的过去分词 (仅限于单个过去分词仅限于单个过去分词, 且不能后置且不能后置) 则表则表示完成示完成, 可改为带有完成时态的定语从可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)2.

6、 The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success 这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 3. We drank some boiled water (=which had boiled) and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。注意注意: 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词饰的词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应改为

7、定语从句时关系代词应与之一致与之一致。高考题高考题 Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D.

8、written3) The Olympic games, _ in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods _ through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春年全国春) A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. bu

9、ying 5) Mr. Smith, _ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北京春北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之意，之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：。如：He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。他显得很忧虑。When we heard o

10、f it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。他似乎很高兴。 二、动词二、动词-ed形式作形式作表语表语 常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused (愉快的愉快的)； broken (碎了的碎了的)；closed (关闭的关闭的)； astonished (吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded (拥挤的拥挤的)； experienced (有经验的有经验的); delighted (

11、高兴的高兴的)； lost (丢失的丢失的)；gone (遗失的遗失的)； disappointed (失望的失望的)；worried (担忧的担忧的)； interested (感兴趣的感兴趣的) tired (疲劳的疲劳的) pleased (高兴的高兴的)；satisfied (满意的满意的)； surprised (吃惊的吃惊的); married (已婚的已婚的)； known (著名的著名的) 等等等等 作表语的作表语的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等等所修饰。所修饰。 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。听了

12、这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D

13、. missed高考题高考题3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 三、动词三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词及物动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义表示被动意义或已完成意义, ,有有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足

14、语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, ,即宾语即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。是过去分词动作的对象。 She found the door broken in when she came back她回来时发现有人破门而人。她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 Will you please make yourself heard to us, please? 请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话, 好吗？好吗

15、？ 少数少数不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补的过去分词用作宾补时时, 强调动作完成后的状态。强调动作完成后的状态。 They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客人都走了。发现所有的客人都走了。动词动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的动词的-ed形式可以在形式可以在“主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中语。在这一结构中, 动词动词-ed形式和它前面形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种

16、的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态句子改为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。成了主语补足语。 1. I must get my bike repaired 我必须请人修理自行车。我必须请人修理自行车。 (宾语补足语宾语补足语) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。 (主语补足语主语补足语) (1)动词动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语的动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括这类动词包括se

17、e, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。我们认为球赛输了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉得心里轻松了些。她觉得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。

18、 (2) 动词动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语足语, 这类动词包括这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。 She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。她用双手按着脸。 (请人请人)把某事做完。把某事做完。 She had h

19、er house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义：结构有三个含义： 遭遇某种意外情况。遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与)。 I

20、 have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了他今年已存了1000元。元。 (3) 动词动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括括like, want, wish, expect, order等等”这这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He wont like such questi

21、ons discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 (4) 过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一这一结构中结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了小偷被带进来了, 双手被反

22、绑在后面。双手被反绑在后面。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。 1) - Good morning. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D.

23、weighed高考题高考题2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (NMET2000) A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to

24、see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repairedI. 下列各句均有一处错误下列各句均有一处错误, 指出并改正。指出并改正。 The match between Class 4 and Class 5 is sure to be excited. 2. Interesting in English, he listens to BBC every day. excited excitingInteresting Interested3

25、. How I wish I could make myself understanding fully in English!4. We met him at the giving time and place5. When heard the news, she burst into laughter. understanding understoodgiving givenheard hearing或或heard前加前加she6. He was sitting in the chair, read a book. 7. The villagers had many trees planting just then. 8. Entered the room, she found th