如何阅读英文案例HowtoReadEnglishCasesandCitations-演讲致辞模板

1、如何阅读英文案例 HowtoReadEnglishCasesandCitations(大连外国语学院应用英语学院屈文生)第一部分案例通常由下列几个部分组成。一、 案例名称(Case Name；例如：Marbury v. Madison (马伯里诉麦迪逊), v is short for versus.是“诉”的意思。二、判决法院(Court ren deri ng the opin io n )；例如：NewJersey Sup remeCourt (新泽西最高法院)。三、 卷宗号；案号(Citation );例如：93,461 A. 2d 138 (1983)，这说明该案出自新西汇编第93卷

2、，第324页，以及大西洋汇编第二辑第138页, 该案判决于1983年。此处，A是Atlantic Reporter的缩写。像这种指明两个或两个以上出处的卷宗号叫作：“平行卷宗号”，其英语表达为“parallelcitation ”，意思是“ An additional referenee to a case that has beenreported in more than more reporter. ”广义上卷宗号包括上述一、案例名称；二、判决法院。四、主审法官姓名(Justice wrote the opinion五、判决书(opinion: stat ing the issue ra

3、ised, describ ing the p artiesand facts, discuss ing the releva nt law, and ren deri ng judgme nt.。判决书是整个案例的主体部分，其中包括法律争议(Issue )、双方当事人情况、事实 经过、判决采用的相关法律以及判决结果。)opinion offered'conclusion;Con curri ng the majority ' s判决书的阅读过程之中，要注意以下几点：1.时态主审法官的意见用现在时态； 前审法院的意见用过去时态。2.主审法官的意见是法院意见。3除法院意见外 还有

4、两种意见，它们被称为“反对意见” (disse nting opinion or disse nt与“配合意见”(concurring opinion )。Dissenting opinion:by a judge disagree ing with the majority panel of judges“反对意见”指不同意大多数法官判决结论之某一法官的意见；opinion:opinion written by a judge agreeing withconclusion but not its reasoning.“配合意见”是指同意大多数法官的意见，但是不同意判决结论的推理之某一法官的

5、意见。六、法庭投票(Votes of the court。例如在七名大法官审理的情况下，有几名 法官的意见是“维持原判” (affirmanee )，有几名法官的意见是“撤销原判、发回重审” (reversal and remandment )。第二部分一、什么是 citation?由于卷宗号这一块涉及内容庞杂，这里再逐一特别说明一下。我们首先来看一下布莱克法律字典中 citati on 的定义： A refere nee to a legal p recede nt or authority, such as a case, statute, or treatise, that either

6、 substantiates or contradicts a given position. () 7th edition.由于 a citation is areferenee to a legal authority，因此，citation必须要有一个标准，这样以后的参考者才容易检索得到。正如布莱克法律字典所指出的一样，Citation formats exist for manydifferenttypes of legal sources includingcases,statutes and sec on dary legal materials. Un dersta nding

7、the basic format for each of these differe nt types of sources will en able the researcher to more independen tly locate materials in the law library.案例之中的卷宗号通常包括下列几个部分：a. 案件双方当事人姓名(the namesof the parties invoIved in the lawsuit )；b. 包含案件全文的汇编卷号( the volume number of the reporter containingthe full

8、 text of the case)；c.案例开始的页码数(the p age nu mber on which the case beg ins案件判决年份(案件判决法院(该案例汇编的缩写名称(the abbreviated name of that case reporter)；d.the year the case was decided ); 有时还包括 the name of the court deciding the case)。Severson, 201 156 (Wash. 1948).在这个例子当中，Hebb )，Severson是被告(defendant )。我们可以在太

9、平洋汇e.f.)；举例说明：Hebb v.是原告(pla in tiff编第二辑 201 卷第 156 页(volume 201 of the Pacific Re porter Seco nd Series beginning on page 156)找到这一案例。该案是由华盛顿州最高法院(Washington State Supreme Court )于 1948 年判决的。二、如何阅读案例(cases)之中的citation?确定卷宗号之中的缩略码。请对照下列列表，找出缩略码(abbreviation )的汇 编全称(full reporter title ).Abbreviation

10、Title汉语汇编名称A. Atla ntic Rep orter 大西洋汇编A. 2d. Atla ntic Re porter, 2d Series大西洋汇编第二辑Cal. Rep. California Rep orter加利福尼亚州汇编F. Federal Rep orter联邦汇编F. 2d. Federal Re porter, 2d Series联邦汇编第二辑F. 3d. Federal Re porter, 3d Series联邦汇编第三辑F. Su pp. Federal Suppl eme nt联邦补充案例L. Ed. Sup reme Court Decisi ons,

11、Lawyers ' Editi on美国最高法院案例汇编，律师版L. Ed. 2d. Sup reme Court Decisi ons, Lawyers Editi on, 2d Series高法院案例汇编，律师版第二辑N. E. Northeastern Reporter东北汇编N. E. 2d. Northeastern Rep orter, 2d SeriesN. W. Northwestern Rep orter西北汇编N. W. 2d. Northwestern Re porter, 2d SeriesN. Y. S. New York Supp leme nt纽约补充案例

12、N. Y. S. 2d. New York Supp leme nt, 2d SeriesP. P acific Rep orter东北汇编第二辑西北汇编第二辑纽约补充案例第二辑美国最太平洋汇编P. 2d. Pacific Rep orter, 2d Series太平洋汇编第二辑S. Ct. Sup reme Court Rep orter最高法院案例汇编S. E. Southeaster n Rep orter东南汇编东南汇编第二辑S. E. 2d. Southeaster n Rep orter, 2d SeriesSo. Southern Rep orter南方汇编南方汇编第二辑So.

13、2d. Souther n Rep orter, 2d SeriesS. W. Southwestern Reporter西南汇编S. W. 2d. Southwestern Re porter, 2d Series西南汇编第二辑U. S. U nited States Rep orts美国案例汇编再举两例说明，例如：Morga n v. U nited States, 298,56 S. Ct 906, 1288(1936)表示：摩根诉美国，收集在美国案例汇编第 298卷，468页开始；最高 法院案例汇编第56卷906页开始；美国最高法院案例汇编律师版第 80卷，1288 页开始，1936年

14、判决。 For example, a popular namefor a SupremeCourt case is:Roe V. WadeWhich tran slates as Plai ntiff versus Defendant原告罗诉被告魏德The official citatio n for this Sup reme Court decisi on is:410 113Which tran slates as Volume 410 Un ited Stated Re ports P age 113 410卷美国案例汇编113页There are several different

15、publishers for legal documents such as court decisions. (Libraries usually only carry one of these published versions.) These publishers may be referred to in parallel citations for this case. 例如，该案的平行汇编是：93 S. Ct. 705Which tran slates as Volume 93 Sup reme Court Rep orter P age 705 第93卷最高法院案例汇编705页Or 35 L. Ed. 2d 147Which tran slates as Volume 35 Sup reme