章节教实验版高三Module9Unit2

1、课标人教实验版课标人教实验版高三高三 module 9unit 2广东广东 曾桂萍曾桂萍 刘玉刘玉discuss1. how do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compa

2、ss, astrolabe, etc.2. which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. it was discovered a long time before longitude.3. can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used a

3、nd explain how they are used?1) compass ( in ancient china)2) astrolabe3) sextant4) sea / nautical / marine chart4. which ones do you think are still used today?sea charts are still used today.comprehending1. read the passage and answer the following questions.1) what is the use of a bearing circle,

4、 astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( ) what is the use of a compass? ( )a. to set the course of the ship b. to measure the position of the ship c. to measure the speed of the ship d. to tell the timeab2) why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?speed and time are importa

5、nt in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. if you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.3) why is the position of the sun and various stars usefu

6、l for working out latitude? the position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. so they can be used to measure a ships position.2. suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail

7、round africa. discuss in groups:1) what skills would you seek in your sailors?2) what problems would you anticipate for this journey?3. read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills.using nature_ fresh seaweed, nesting birds returning home in the evening or fog se

8、a currents or tides and winds4. there were two methods to find longitude: 1)_ 2)_ using instrumentsmeasuring time and speedcompass and complicated mathematical tables1. how do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? 在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前,

9、 你认为航海员是怎样探路的你认为航海员是怎样探路的?explanation on p11这是一个这是一个“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+do you think” 的双重疑问句结构。除的双重疑问句结构。除think以外以外believe，guess, suppose等词也可以用于此结构。等词也可以用于此结构。what do you suppose has happened to him?在在i thinkbelieveguesssuppose/ imagine等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，否定词应该前移，即否定转移。否定词应该前移，即否定转移。i dont think h

10、e will comei think he will not come正正误误 invent vt发明，创作；虚构，杜撰发明，创作；虚构，杜撰alexander graham bell invented the telephone in 1876.1876年阿历山大年阿历山大格雷厄姆格雷厄姆贝尔发明了电话。贝尔发明了电话。the whole story was invented.整个故事是虚构的。整个故事是虚构的。 inventor n发明者，发明家，创造者发明者，发明家，创造者 invention n发明，创造；发明物发明，创造；发明物discover：invent：gilbert _ele

11、ctricity, but edison _the electric light bulb.who _america?who _the computer?客观存在，被人发现客观存在，被人发现客观没有，被人发明客观没有，被人发明discoveredinventeddiscoveredinvented吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。谁发现了美洲？谁发现了美洲？谁发明了电脑？谁发明了电脑？2. work out to calculate an answer, amount, price, or value 计算计算 to think about sth. an

12、d manage to understand it 设法弄懂设法弄懂 to think carefully about how you are going to do sth. and plan a good way of doing it 精心制定出，安排精心制定出，安排eg. see if you can work out this bill out. the plot is so complicated that itll take you a while to work it out.计算计算弄明白弄明白 i cant work out geoff ; one day hes frie

13、ndly ,the next day he ignores me completely. i havent worked out whos gong to look after the kids tonight.明白明白计划计划3. latitude the angular distance north or south of the earths equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe.纬度：地球赤道北或南的角距离，例如在纬度：地球赤道北或南的角距离，例如在地图或地球仪上沿着子午线用度数测量地图或

14、地球仪上沿着子午线用度数测量e.g.our position is latitude 40 degrees north.我们的位置是北纬我们的位置是北纬40度。度。4. longitudethe angular distance on the earths surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at greenwich, england, to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and sec

15、onds.经线：地球表面的成角距离，从英国格林经线：地球表面的成角距离，从英国格林威治的本初子午线向东或向西至经过某一威治的本初子午线向东或向西至经过某一点的子午线计量，以度（或小时）、分和点的子午线计量，以度（或小时）、分和秒表示。秒表示。e.g.our position is longitude 116 degrees east.我们的位置是东经我们的位置是东经116度。度。5. identify vt.把把等同于等同于;认出认出,鉴定鉴定, 认为同一认为同一i identified the jacket at once；it was my brothershe identifies be

16、auty with goodnessidentify oneself with 与与有联系有联系,支持支持he preferred not to identify himself with that group.identification n. 辨认辨认, 鉴定鉴定, 证明证明, 视为同一视为同一identity n.同一性同一性, 身份身份, 一致一致, 特性特性, 恒等式恒等式identity card 身份证身份证1. we may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made

17、 it possible to plot a ships position on a map. 在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。在海上探险的。 readingpage 1 may/might well 很可能，极有可能很可能，极有可能 these are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine. 这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。把它们用在我们的杂

18、志上。 you might well find that youll need more by the weekend. 到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。西。 主语主语+thinkfeelmakeconsider+it +n.adj.+ forof sb. to do其中其中it为形式宾语，为形式宾语，forof引出动词不定式引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。i think it important for him to learn english well我认为学好英语对他很重要。我认为学好英语对他很重要。i have made it clear th

19、at i object to the plan.我已经表明我反对这个计划。我已经表明我反对这个计划。2. the voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。的支配。voyage n./ vi. 航海航海

20、, 航行航行the voyage from england to india used to take six months.过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。 go on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行去航海旅行voyager n.航行者航行者, 航海者航海者trip 指休闲或因商的短途旅行指休闲或因商的短途旅行journey 指从一地出发直达目的地的长指从一地出发直达目的地的长途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点之意。之意。travel 常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体目

21、的地。指具体的旅行时常不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念。念。voyage 强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行或游历。或游历。tour 指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方后再回到原出发点。系列地方后再回到原出发点。e.g.we will have a comfortable voyage to the far east through air.我们乘飞机去远东旅游将会非常舒适。我们乘飞机去远东旅游将会非常舒适。the journey to the seaside wil

22、l take not more than two days.到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。i at once began making preparations for a trip home.我马上开始为回家做准备。我马上开始为回家做准备。our american friends are making a tour of shanghai.我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅行。行。he came back home after years of foreign travel.在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。在多年的国外旅行

23、后他回到了家。 at the mercy ofwithout any protection against; helpless before 任由任由摆布；在摆布；在面前无助面前无助 they were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather. 他们在海上迷失了方向他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气任凭风和天气的摆布。的摆布。 i dont like to be at the mercy of such a man. 我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。have mercy on/ show mercy to 对对表示怜悯表示

24、怜悯the terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。without mercy 毫不留情地毫不留情地the mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。its a mercy (that) (口口)幸运的是幸运的是,幸亏幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运运)its a mercy the accident happe

25、ned so near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。幸运的是她伤势不重。 even though = even if 虽然虽然,即使即使 引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句a.引导把握不大或假设的事情引导把握不大或假设的事情 even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud. 即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，也不能骄傲。

26、也不能骄傲。 he will have problems in finding a job even if he can pass the exam. 即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成问题。问题。 they wouldnt lose heart even if they failed ten times. 即使他们失败十次也不灰心丧气。即使他们失败十次也不灰心丧气。b.引出事实引出事实even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.他虽然迟到了，也没有挨老师的批评。他虽然迟到了，也没有挨

27、老师的批评。i can still remember, even though it was so long ago.虽然这是很久以前的事，我还记得。虽然这是很久以前的事，我还记得。3. alongside prep. = by the side of; side by side with在在旁边；与旁边；与并排并排adv. = along, near, at, or to the side在在旁边，近旁，沿着边旁边，近旁，沿着边he parked his car alongside the fence.他把车沿着围墙停放。他把车沿着围墙停放。a car drew up alongside.一

28、辆汽车开上来并排而行。一辆汽车开上来并排而行。4. minimum (min) adj. 最小的最小的, 最低的最低的 n. 最小值最小值, 最小化。最小化。其反义词为其反义词为maximum (max) adj. 最高的最高的, 最多的最多的, 最大极限的最大极限的n. 最大量最大量, 最大限度最大限度, 极大极大 the minimum requirements for the job are a degree and two years experience. 该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年的工作经验。的工作经验。 you must get a mini

29、mum of 40 questions right to pass the examination. 你最少必须答对你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。道题才能通过考试。 keep/reduce sth. to a minimum 将某物保持在将某物保持在/降低到最低限度降低到最低限度 the school manages to keep bullying to a minimum. 学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行为。为。 the maximum number of students in each class is 58. 每个班学生人数的最高限额是每个

30、班学生人数的最高限额是58名。名。 we must make maximum use of the resources available. 我们必须最大限度地利用可得到的资源。我们必须最大限度地利用可得到的资源。 temperature will reach a maximum of 40 here. 这儿的最高气温将达这儿的最高气温将达40摄氏度。摄氏度。5. indicate vt. 指出指出, 显示显示, 象征象征, 预示预示, 需要需要, 简要地说明简要地说明i asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop oppos

31、ite.我问他姐姐在哪儿我问他姐姐在哪儿, 他朝对面的商店指了他朝对面的商店指了一下。一下。i indicated that his help was not welcome.我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。6. close adj. near in space or time 空间上或时间上靠近的空间上或时间上靠近的 likely 可能的可能的careful 小心的小心的close to death 离死亡不远离死亡不远take a close look at sth.严密注意某物严密注意某物keep a close watch/eye on仔细地看仔细地看they chos

32、e a spot close to the river for their picnic.他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野餐。餐。your birthday is close to mine.你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。the two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.两国即将签署和平协议。两国即将签署和平协议。7. used to do表过去习惯化的动作或状态表过去习惯化的动作或状态be/become/get used to doing/n.习惯于习惯于(to为介词

33、为介词)be used to do 为被动语态，表示为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事被用来做某事”i used to go swimming on saturdays but now i dont.the country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (2005 山东山东) a. change b. has changed c. changing d. have changedim not used to getting up so early. cloth is used to make clothes.used to do与与 would

34、 用法对比用法对比1. used to do表示过去的动作、状态表示过去的动作、状态, 重重在与现在情况的对比在与现在情况的对比,不一定要有时间状语。不一定要有时间状语。would 只表示过去动作的重复只表示过去动作的重复, 有明确的有明确的时间状语。时间状语。 i would go to see my grandfather on sunday when he was in the middle school. i used to play cards a lot, but now i seldom play. 2.表示过去的习惯表示过去的习惯, 可互换。可互换。 when we were

35、very young, we used to/would go skating every winter.注注: used to do 的否定式的否定式: usednt to do/didnt use to do (usednt也可写作也可写作usent.) 疑问式疑问式:did you use to do?/ used you to do?didnt you use to do?/ usednt you to do?8. nowhere adv.无处无处, 到处都无到处都无 该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。i have no job and nowhere to

36、live.我没工作，也没地方住。我没工作，也没地方住。nowhere could i see him.我哪儿也看不到他。我哪儿也看不到他。 maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace. (2004 辽宁辽宁) a. can you find b. you could find c. you can find d. could you find9. offshore adj./adv.向海面吹的向海面吹的, 离岸的离岸的, 海面上的海面上的, 海上海上/下作业的下作业的offs

37、hore workers 海上作业的工人海上作业的工人 offshore bank/company/investment境外银行境外银行/公司公司/投资投资offshore wind/current etc.从陆地吹向海面的风从陆地吹向海面的风/离岸的潮流离岸的潮流the storm moved offshore. 风暴离岸移动。风暴离岸移动。a boat moored offshore. 船在近海下锚。船在近海下锚。10. accelerate vi./vt.= to (cause to ) move faster 加速加速, 促促进进she accelerated her car and

38、passed the bus in front.她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。the car suddenly accelerated.那辆车突然开始加速。那辆车突然开始加速。1. secure adj.安全的安全的, 可靠的可靠的, 放心的放心的, 无虑的无虑的v. 保护保护,使安全使安全 our house is secure from flood. 我们的房子没有被淹的危险。我们的房子没有被淹的危险。 some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood. 这道堤防需要采取一些措施这道堤防需要采

39、取一些措施, 免得被免得被洪水冲坏。洪水冲坏。page2security n.安全，保安，保护安全，保安，保护security was tight during the presidents visit.总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。for security reasons the visitors were searched.为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。为了安全起见，来宾受到了检查。2. no/not/never until 直到直到才才-was his father very strict with him when he was at school?-

40、yes. he had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. (03 北京春北京春) a. after b. unless c. until d. when3. knot n.(绳等的绳等的)结结, (树的树的)节节; 船速船速,海里海里/小时小时 v.打结打结 he tied his belt with a knot. 他把带子打了个结。他把带子打了个结。 the wire is too stiff to knot easily. 这根铁丝太硬了这根铁丝太硬了, 不容易打结。不容易打结。4. i

41、nvolve vt. 包括，使陷于包括，使陷于,使参与，影响使参与，影响 dont involve other people in your mistakes. 别把别人牵涉到你的错误中去。别把别人牵涉到你的错误中去。 all the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的戏剧。所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的戏剧。 the matter is serious because it involves your reputation. 这件事很严重，因为它影响到你的声誉。这件事很严重，因为它影响到你的声誉。 involve

42、指必然包括的结果指必然包括的结果 include 指包括属于整体的部分指包括属于整体的部分 contain 指包含在内或含有几种成分指包含在内或含有几种成分 hold 常指含有多少容量，可与常指含有多少容量，可与contain互换互换involve, include, contain, holdtaking the job _living abroad.接受这项工作就一定要住在国外。接受这项工作就一定要住在国外。the price _postage charges.价格包括邮资在内。价格包括邮资在内。beer _alcohol.啤酒里含有酒精。啤酒里含有酒精。how much water do

43、es the pan_?那盘子能盛多少水？那盘子能盛多少水？involvesincludescontainshold5. nautical mile 海里（合海里（合1.852公里）在航海和航空上公里）在航海和航空上应用的长度单位，按地球大圆一弧分应用的长度单位，按地球大圆一弧分长计，尤指国际和美国单位。长计，尤指国际和美国单位。6. magnetic adj. 磁的磁的, 有磁性的有磁性的, 有吸引力的有吸引力的 magnet n. 磁体磁体, 磁铁磁铁 a magnetic recorder 磁录音机磁录音机 a magnetic compass bearing可分辨磁极方向的罗盘可分辨磁

44、极方向的罗盘a magnetic person 有魅力的人有魅力的人the iron has lost its magnetic force.这铁已失去磁力。这铁已失去磁力。7. direction n.方向方向;指导指导;趋势趋势(常用复数常用复数)指示指示, 用法用法, 说明说明(书书), 收件人地收件人地址址 full directions inside. 内附详细说明书。内附详细说明书。 in all directions = in every direction 向四面八方向四面八方follow ones directions 遵照某人的指示遵照某人的指示in which direc

45、tion are you going, north or south?你准备朝哪个方向走？向北还是向南？你准备朝哪个方向走？向北还是向南？this team is under my direction.这个小队由我指挥。这个小队由我指挥。 8. random n. 随意随意, 任意任意 adj. 任意的任意的, 随便的随便的, 胡乱的胡乱的 make a random choice 任意选择任意选择 at random = aimlessly; without any plan 随机，随便随机，随便 the travelers at the airport were searched at r

46、andom.（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几（搜查人员对）机场上的旅客随便选几个人加以搜查。个人加以搜查。 soiled dishes were piled at random. 脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。脏碟子乱七八糟地堆着。9. awkward adj. 难使用的难使用的, 笨拙的笨拙的, 尴尬的尴尬的; 棘手的棘手的,难处理的难处理的 an awkward remark 令人窘迫的评论令人窘迫的评论 there was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say. 当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴尬的沉默

47、。人尴尬的沉默。他很笨，总是丢东西。他很笨，总是丢东西。he is awkward; he keeps dropping things.an awkward situation arose during the peace talks.在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。10. reference n.提及提及, 涉及涉及, 参考参考, 参考书目参考书目, 证明书证明书(人人), 介绍信介绍信(人人)at the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。在会上老师提到了

48、他的英雄事迹。these are reference books for teachers.这些是教师参考书。这些是教师参考书。refer v.提到提到, 涉及涉及, 查阅查阅, 咨询咨询the teacher often refers her pupils to this dictionary.老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的学会经常查这本字典。她的学会经常查这本字典。dont refer to it again.别再提那件事。别再提那件事。11. precise adj. 精

49、确的精确的, 准确的准确的 precision n. 精确精确(性性), 精密精密(度度)a lawyer needs a precise mind.律师需要一丝不苟的精神。律师需要一丝不苟的精神。a camera is an instrument of precision.照相机是一种精密仪器。照相机是一种精密仪器。 12. simplify vt. 单一化单一化, 简单化简单化 simple adj. 简单的简单的 the english in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand. 这个故事里的英语被

50、简写以便更容易这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易理解。理解。 his father lived a simple life in the country. 他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。 13. portable adj. 轻便的轻便的, 手提手提(式式)的的, 便携式的便携式的 a portable typewriter 提式打字机提式打字机 a portable generator 便携式发电机便携式发电机14. shortcoming n. 缺点缺点, 短处（常用复数）短处（常用复数） in spite of all her shortcomings, she is still the best teacher the school has. 他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最好的教师。好的教师。 15. update v. 使现代化使现代化, 修正修正, 校正校正, 更新更新 n. 现代化现代化, 更新更新 updated adj. 最新的，现代化的，适时的最新的，现代化的，适时的 an updated and revised edition 最新修订本最新修订本16.tendency n. 趋向趋向, 倾向倾向 weve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at h