汽车英语培训

1、Chapter 1 Brief IntroductionTypes of modern automobiles 现代汽车种类现代汽车种类Entire construct of automobile汽车整体框架汽车整体框架 Main technical specifications 主要技术参数、指主要技术参数、指标标Running principle of automobile汽车运行原理汽车运行原理Unit 1 Types of Modern Automobiles1）cars 3）trucks卡车卡车2）passenger cars客车客车5）special type vehicle特种车

2、辆特种车辆 4）tractors and vehicle combination7）farm vehicle农用车农用车 8) off-road vehicle越野车越野车6）Self-dumping car自卸车自卸车 1、with respect to capacity 能力、负载能力、负载 Mini car 微型汽车微型汽车 subcompact car 普通级汽车(/sbkmpkt/超小型汽车) compact car 中级汽车(/kmpkt /紧凑的,紧密的 ) Intermediate car中高级轿车中高级轿车(/.intmi:djt /中级的中级的,中间的中间的) limous

3、ine (pullman saloon)高级轿车 (/limu(:)zi:n/豪华轿车; /pulmn/卧车,普式火车)Classification of cars车的分类车的分类Crown（2.53L）Mazda/mzd /6（2.3L）CA770（52、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving type发动机布局和驱动方式发动机布局和驱动方式Diagram图（图（/daigrm /）front engine 、front-wheel drive 发动机前置、前轮驱动f

4、ront engine 、rear-wheel drive发动机前置、后轮驱动Rear engine、 rear-wheel drive发动机后置、后轮驱动Passenger Cars客车客车TruckTractor牵引车牵引车Special vehicle专用车专用车(/vi:ikl/交通工具交通工具,车辆车辆 ) fire engine 消防车parade vehicle旅行车旅行车 (/preid /检阅检阅,游行游行)mail car 邮车Unit 2Entire structure of automobile1）engine2）chassis底盘底盘(/si; tsi /底盘底盘3）

5、body车身车身4）electric system 电子系统Unit 3Main technical specifications1. complete vehicle kerb mass整车整备质量 2. maximum total mass 最大总质量3. maximum pay最大装置重量最大装置重量 4. maximum axle mass 最大轴质量（最大轴质量（/ms/质量质量）5. vehicle length 车长车长6.Vehicle width 车宽车宽7.Vehicle height车高车高8.Wheelbase8.Wheelbase轴距轴距(/wi:lbeis/) 9.

6、track(tread)9.track(tread)轮距轮距 10.Front overhang 10.Front overhang 前悬前悬11.Rear overhang 11.Rear overhang 后悬后悬12.Minimum ground clearance 12.Minimum ground clearance 最小离地间隙最小离地间隙13.Aproach angle 13.Aproach angle 接近角接近角(/(/gl / /角度角度 ) )14.Departure angle14.Departure angle离去角离去角 15.Turning diameter15.

7、Turning diameter转弯直径转弯直径(/(/daimit / /直径直径) )Main technical specifications主要技术指标主要技术指标Unit 4 Running Principle of the Automobile汽车运行原理汽车运行原理F0FtV MtF0= Mt/rRunning resistance运行阻力运行阻力 （/rizistns /阻力阻力 ）Ffrolling resistance滚动阻力滚动阻力 Fw air resistance 空气阻力Fi gradient resistance 坡道阻力(/greidint /倾斜度倾斜度,坡度

8、坡度 )Total resistance F= Ff +Fw+FiRelation between total resistance and tractive force total resistance and tractive forceRunning status运转状态运转状态Ft F Speedup增速增速Ft =F uniform speed匀速匀速 Ft F speed down减速减速Tractive force and adhesive force牵引力和附着力牵引力和附着力 Adhesive*(/dhi:siv/有粘性的有粘性的) force F F =G coeffici

9、ent(/kuifint/系数系数) of adhesion 附着系数Extra large bus大客车大客车返回Medium and heavy truck中型货车和重型货车中型货车和重型货车 （/mi:djm/适中的适中的,中等的中等的) Chapter 2Principle and Entire structure of Engine发动机原理和整体结构发动机原理和整体结构Elementary terms 基本术语基本术语Principle of four-stroke Engine 四冲程发动机原理四冲程发动机原理Principle of two stroke Engine两驱发动机

10、原理两驱发动机原理Classification of the engine 发动机分类发动机分类Single-cylinder engineCylinder气缸气缸Piston活塞活塞Piston pin活塞销活塞销Connecting rod连杆连杆Crankshaft曲轴曲轴Oil pipe机油管机油管Intake valve进气门进气门Exhaust valve排气门排气门 Timing gear正时齿正时齿轮轮Oil pump机油管机油管Unit 1 Elementary Terms top dead center (TDC) 上止点上止点 Bottom dead center (BD

11、C) 下止点下止点 piston stroke (S) 活塞行程、冲程活塞行程、冲程 crank radius (R) 曲柄半径曲柄半径(/reidjs/半径半径) actual displacement (V h ) 实际排量实际排量(/ktjul/实际的实际的) engine displacement (VL) 发动机排量发动机排量 combustion chamber volume (Vc )燃烧室容积燃烧室容积 (/teimb/室,房间；/kmbstn/燃烧 ) total cylinder volume (Va )气缸总容积气缸总容积 Operating cycle操作周期、操作周期

12、、运转周期 (/saikl /循环,周期)VL= V h i Vh= D2S 10-6/4 （L） Dcylinder diameter, mm 气缸直径气缸直径,气缸内径气缸内径,缸径缸径 Spiston stroke ,mm活塞行程活塞行程Unit 2 Principle of Four-stroke Engine四冲程四冲程发动机原理发动机原理Principle of Four-stroke gasoline Engine四冲程汽油发动机原理四冲程汽油发动机原理1、intake stroke 进气行程进气行程2、compress stroke 压缩行程（压缩行程（/kmpres/压缩）压

13、缩）3、power stroke 动力行程动力行程4、exhaust stroke 排气冲程（排气冲程（/igz:st /排气排气 ） Working process of single cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine进气门进气门排气门排气门油泵油泵油管油管曲轴曲轴连杆连杆活塞销活塞销活塞活塞气缸气缸进气行程排气阀关闭进气阀开启气压线压缩行程压缩比作功行程压力线压力线排气行程排气行程(发动机的发动机的)示功示功图图 (/rizidjul/残残余的余的,剩余的剩余的)残余废气残余废气T=12001500K p=105400 kPa Principle o

14、f Four-stroke diesel EngineInjector喷油器injection pump喷油泵 Intake进气 Compress压缩 Power作功Exhaust排气Inlet valve进气门Exhaust Valve 排气门airT=300370K p=8090 kPa T=8001000K p=35 MPa T=8001000K p=105400 kPa Real diagram of diesel engine（/di:zl /柴油）柴油）Unit 3 Classification of EngineInternal combustion engine 内燃机内燃机W

15、ater-cooling engine水冷发动机水冷发动机air-cooling engine风冷发动机风冷发动机 Four-stroke engine四冲程发动机四冲程发动机Two-stroke engine两冲程发动机两冲程发动机 Gasoline engine汽油机汽油机Diesel engine柴油机柴油机Single-cylinder engine单缸发动机单缸发动机Multi-cylinder engine多缸发动机多缸发动机Cylinder-in-line arrangement单列式发动机单列式发动机 V-arrangementInternal combustion engin

16、e内燃机内燃机Internal combustion engine 内燃机内燃机Internal combustion engine内燃机内燃机Internal combustion engine内燃机内燃机Unit 4 Entire Structure of the Engine发动机的总体构造发动机的总体构造Two mechanisms两大机构两大机构Connecting rod曲柄连杆曲柄连杆Valve gear阀门配气机构阀门配气机构 Five systems五大系统五大系统Fuel supply system供给系供给系Ignition system点火系点火系Cooling sys

17、tem冷却系统冷却系统Lubricating system润滑系润滑系Start system起动系起动系connecting rod连杆连杆Flywheel飞轮飞轮Crankshaft凸轮轴凸轮轴Piston活塞活塞intake valveexhaust valvepush rod推杆推杆 tappet挺杆挺杆 timing gears正正时皮带时皮带/链条链条 Valve gear Connecting rod Camshaft凸轮轴凸轮轴Rocker摇臂摇臂/杆杆Engine construction of SantanaEngine cooling system of SantanaE

18、ngine lubricating system of Santana（/lubricate/v. 润滑润滑,涂油涂油）Fuel supply system燃料供给系统燃料供给系统 Valve gear气门机构气门机构 backbackGas Turbine（/t:bin, -bain/n. 涡轮涡轮）燃气涡轮机燃气涡轮机 Chapter 3 Connecting RodEngine body Piston and connecting rod Crankshaft and flywheel Unit 1 Introduction Function Convert thermal (/:ml

19、/热的热的,热量的热量的 )energy into mechanical (/miknikl /机械的机械的,力学的力学的 )energy used to move the piston up and down.将燃料燃烧时产生的热将燃料燃烧时产生的热能转变为活塞上下运动的机械能能转变为活塞上下运动的机械能. Convert reciprocating(/risiprkeit/互换互换,交换交换) motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft and produce power. 将活塞的往复运动变为曲轴的旋转运将活塞的往复

20、运动变为曲轴的旋转运动而对外输出动力。动而对外输出动力。Components Engine body Piston and connecting rod Crankshaft and flywheel受的力主要有受的力主要有气压力、惯性力、离心力、摩擦力气压力、惯性力、离心力、摩擦力（inertial /in:l /惯性惯性的的;centrifugal /sentrifjugl/离心的）Unit 2 Engine BodyComponents：Crankcase曲轴曲轴cylinder block气气缸体缸体 Cylinder gasket气缸垫气缸垫cylinder headCylinder

21、气缸气缸oil passage and water passage油道油道和水道和水道oil pan油底壳油底壳气缸盖Cylinder block and crankcase气缸体和气缸体和曲轴箱曲轴箱 cylinder block of audi100Classification1、water-cooling水冷水冷2、air-cooling风冷风冷cooling fin散热片散热片,冷冷却片却片 cylinder block and head of air-cooling engine 水冷水冷发动机的气缸体和气缸盖发动机的气缸体和气缸盖With respect to cooling me

22、thodWith respect to cylinder arrangementIn-lineV-type Horizontally opposed type Crankcase （oil pan）曲轴箱（油底壳）曲轴箱（油底壳）Function : enclosing the crankshaft作用：密封曲轴作用：密封曲轴Oil pan of the engine Cylinder headFunction作用作用： Seal the top the cylinder and form the combustion chamber with the piston and the cylin

23、der密封密封气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃烧室。气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃烧室。Operating condition工作条件工作条件：much heat load由于接触温由于接触温度很高的燃气，所以承受的热负荷很大。度很高的燃气，所以承受的热负荷很大。Material材料材料：grey iron or alloy （ / /合金合金）iron aluminium(/.ljuminim/铝铝)：灰铸铁或铝合金。：灰铸铁或铝合金。cylinder gasket 气缸垫cylinder block气缸盖气缸盖cylinder head cover气缸盖罩气缸盖罩Pad衬垫衬垫t

24、o fit spark plug安装火花塞安装火花塞Combustion chamberType Diagram applicationHalf -ball半球形半球形Santana桑塔纳桑塔纳 Xiali夏利夏利 Citroen 富康富康Cuniform楔形楔形（/kju:niif:m/）Cherokee切诺基切诺基Basin-shape盆形盆形Jetta捷达捷达Audi奥迪奥迪Cylinder gasket气缸垫气缸垫Function功用功用 ： fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area bet

25、ween them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and water .安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间，保证气缸盖与气安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间，保证气缸盖与气缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。Material材料材料： flexible, withstand the heat, pressure and erode有弹性、有弹性、耐热性、耐压性、耐腐蚀耐热性、耐压性、耐腐蚀（/fleksbl/易弯曲的易弯曲的 ;/erode/腐腐蚀蚀,侵蚀）侵蚀）Pay attention to the direction when f

26、ixingUnit 3 Piston and Connecting Rod 活塞和连杆活塞和连杆compression rings压缩环压缩环oil rings油环油环piston pin活塞销活塞销Piston活塞活塞connecting rod连杆连杆connecting rod bolt连杆体螺栓连杆体螺栓crank bearing half shell曲轴主轴承半壳曲轴主轴承半壳connecting rod cap连杆盖连杆盖 Piston活塞活塞 Function功用功用： Withstanding gas pressure and force crankshaft to rotat

27、e承受气体压力，并通过活塞销和连杆驱使曲轴旋转。承受气体压力，并通过活塞销和连杆驱使曲轴旋转。Working surroundings工作环境工作环境： operating under exceedingly difficult mechanical and thermal conditions高温、散热条件差高温、散热条件差（/iksi:dili/非常非常(极其极其,极度地极度地,很很); /:ml/热的,热量的）Material： aluminium, grey iron铝合金；灰铸铝合金；灰铸(/.ljuminim/铝铝)Characteristic特点特点A strong enough

28、 and rigid enough强度和刚度好强度和刚度好B good thermal conductivity（/.kndktiviti/传导传导性性 ），withstand high pressure, high temperature and wearing良好的导热性，耐高压、耐高温、耐磨损良好的导热性，耐高压、耐高温、耐磨损C light enough to reduce inertia forces质地很轻可以降质地很轻可以降低惯性力低惯性力Components Piston top活塞头部活塞头部piston toppiston headpiston skirtClassific

29、ation of piston topshapediagramflat平顶平顶Convex（/knveks /）凸顶凸顶concave (/knkeiv/)凹顶凹顶Piston head活塞头部活塞头部compression ring groove气环槽气环槽oil ring groovepiston pin holeReal diagram of the pistonCompression ring groove气环槽气环槽Oil ring groove油环槽油环槽Piston skirt活塞裙部活塞裙部 Function: forming a bearing area in contact

30、 with the cylinder wall.形成一个支撑面连接气缸壁形成一个支撑面连接气缸壁Slotted piston（gasoline engine）开槽活塞（汽油机）（开槽活塞（汽油机）（有槽的有槽的 ）Heat dam隔热槽隔热槽 Expand slot扩展槽Circle groove环槽环槽 Piston rings活塞环Compression rings and oil rings 气环和油环气环和油环Working conditions： High temperature, high pressure, high speed, hardlylubricated 高温、高压、高

31、速、不易润滑。高温、高压、高速、不易润滑。Longevity（/lndeviti/长寿长寿）：60,000 kilometers 1）compression ring 气环气环 To prevent compression leakage and transmit (/trnzmit /传传输输 )most of the heat from piston head to cylinder wall and the heat is carried by cooling water防止气体泄漏，将活塞头防止气体泄漏，将活塞头部的热量传给气缸壁，并由水冷系统传输热量部的热量传给气缸壁，并由水冷系统传输热量notchClearance of piston ring活塞环隙活塞环隙side clearance侧隙侧隙back clearance背隙背隙endplay端隙端隙2）oil control ringsscraperaxial linerradial linerscrapercompound oil ring组合环组合环ordinary oil ring普通环普通环Piston pinFunction ： connecting