初中英语知识点

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上七上1. Whats her family name? (P5)  family name= last name  姓       first name = given name   名姓名顺序：英美人的名在前，姓在后。如：Jim Green中，Jim 是first name/ given name,  Green是family name/ last name;中国人的姓在前，名在后。(1）单姓单名：姓与名的首字母分别大写。如：Li Ping(2 ) 单姓双名

2、：名的双字写在一起，只大写第一个名的首字母。如：Yang Liwei(3 ) 复姓：把复姓写在一起，只大写第一个字母。如：Zhuge Liangfamily(家庭)、class（班级），作主语，谓语用单数形式。family(家庭成员)、class（同学们），作主语，谓语用复数形式。如：My family were eating dinner when uncle Li came in.    I have a family, the family is a happy one.2. Thanks for the photo of your family. (P 1

3、7)Thanks = Thank you       Thanks a lot = Thank you very much.= Many thanks.Thanks for sth./doing sth.   谢谢你   Thanks for your help.  Thanks for helping me with my English.          Thanks to多亏，由

4、于    Thanks to trees and flowers, our school is becoming more and more beautiful.a photo of mine  我的一张照片        a photo of me  一张我本人的照片3. Here is my family photo. ( P17)以here, there等副词开头的句子，主谓倒装。（主语为代词时则不倒装）如：Here comes the bus. Here is you

5、r pen.  Here you are.=Here it is.    Not only have I been to Beijing, but also I have been to Taiyuan.4. Please take these things to your brother. Can you bring some things to school?(P23)take:把东西从此处带走。    bring:把东西由别处带来。     fetch/get：去把东西带来(go

6、 and bring)       carry:携带，搬运（无方向性）some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。区别如下：  some用于肯定句中，如果用于疑问句，则表示希望得到肯定的回答或表示诚意。 any用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句，如果用在肯定句则表示“任何一个”的意思。5. That sounds good.(P27)系动词后用形容词作表语。sound/seem/look/become/get/turn/taste/feel/smell/touch+adj.sound:声音的总称。 

7、        noise:噪音           voice:嗓音6. Do you like bananas?(P31)like sb. to do sth.           like sb. not to do sth.       以此类推：want,te

8、ll,teach,ask,like doing sth.:一贯性喜欢做某事，经常性喜欢做某事         like to do sth.  具体某一次喜欢做某事like v.  喜欢      prep.介词   像一样7. How much is this T-shirt? (P41)How much is/are? 多少钱？  Its/TheyreHow much 修饰不可数名词；How many 修饰可数名

9、词复数    它们都是“多少”的意思。8. Can I help you? (P43)售货员招呼顾客：Can I help you?=What can I do for you?=May I help you?顾客告诉售货员：Yes, please. I want to buy/Im looking for/Id like to buy        或者：No, thanks. I only have a look.询问顾客想买东西的特征：What color/size/kind do you

10、 want?向顾客推荐商品：What/How about this one?    This one is cheap and nice.顾客询问价格：How much is/are？  How much does it cost?   Whats the price of it?买卖达成：Ill take/have/buy/get it.9. When is your birthday? How old are you?(P49)询问年龄：How old are you?   Whats your age?回答年

11、龄：主语+be+数词 （+years old）He is an eight-year-old boy.= He is eight years old.how old, how often, how soon, how far, how long, how many, how much, how many times,10. I want to see an action movie. (P53)want sth.    want to do sth.     want sb. to do sth.  &#

12、160;  want sb. not to do sth.look:发生看的动作     look at  看         see:看见没有的结果  listen:发生听的动作    listen to 听          hear:听见没有的结果  watch: 强调观看运动着的事物或影像。如：看电视

13、，看比赛，看电影，看表演等  read: 阅读，朗读    如：看书，看报，看信，看杂志，看地图11. Can you play the guitar? (P 59)can, may, must, need是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语。play the + 乐器          play +球/棋/牌类12.What a funny time to eat breakfast! (P67)感叹句：How + adj./adv. （+ 主语+谓语）！&

14、#160;  如：How hard he works!What a/an + adj. +名词单数（+ 主语+谓语）！  What + adj. +名词复数（+ 主语+谓语）！  What + adj. +不可数名词（+ 主语+谓语）！如：What bad weather/music/news/water/advice it is!七年级下册英语复习笔记Unit  1    Wheres your pen pal from?一Where +be+主语+from?=Where +do/does+主语+come from?Whe

15、re are you from?=Where do you come from?Be  from =  come from 联系动词     实义动词例：Stone is come from China.(×)             注：be动词与实义动词永远不能连用。二.国家     国人    国人复数 

16、0;   语言      首都(the people Republics  of China ) (P. R. C.)Chinese    Chinese      Chinese       Chinese       BeijingCanada    Canadian 

17、60;   Canadians   English, French   OttawaFrance     French      Frenchmen     French         ParisJapan     Japanese    

18、0;  Japanese     Japanese       Tokyo(the United States of America )(U.S.A.)     America   American    Americans   English      Washington.D.C.（theunited Kingdom）

19、60;   England    Englishman     Englishmen        English       London Australia   Australian        Australians    

20、0;   English      Canberra  三 Where does he live?  He lives in Beijing.Where对地点提问的秘诀是：一定，二改，三组合一定，确定疑问词Where二改，将原句改为一般疑问句，将第一人称改为第二人称三组合，把前面的部分及后面部分组合例：I live in Kunming(画线提问)  Where do you from?Live是一个不及物动词及物动词后可以直接加宾语，不需要加任何介词。不及物动词后不可以直接

21、加宾语，但可以单独使用。如果想要加宾语，需要加上介词。  四.   What language does she speak?     Speak:既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。翻译为“说，”做及物动词时，只能接某种语言做宾语。     例：1. He speaks (vt) English.        2 .Mr stone is speaking. (vi) Speak to sb 和某人&

22、#160;     Say: 翻译为“说，述说”用系统语言表达自己的想法，后面必须跟说话的内容，宾语只能是话语，而不能是人。例：He says he is a boy.      Tell: 翻译为“告诉，讲述。”尤其用在讲故事，讲笑话（tell stories/jocks）          Tell sb sth (告诉某人某事)  tell sb to do sth(告诉某人做某事) 

23、60;        例：My mother tells me to study well.      Talk: 翻译为“交谈，谈论。”后面常跟to, with表示与某人谈话。如果跟about, of表示谈话的内容。           Talk to sb=talk with sb和某人谈话       

24、    Talk about sth=talk of sth谈论某事五.interesting与interested  interesting :指事情本身有趣，意为“有趣的，令人感兴趣的”厂子句中作定语，表语。  Interested：指人对感兴趣（be interested）             例句：This is an interesting story.     

25、              I am interested in learning English.六.a little 和 little A little:修饰不可数名词，表示肯定含义，意为“有一些，少量”        如：There is little water in Mr. Stones cupLittle: 修饰不可数名词,表示肯定，翻译为几乎没有。  &

26、#160;     如:I know little Japanese拓展：Many+可数名词复数 eg：Many books      Much+不可数名词   eg:  Much money      Some+可数名词/不可数名词    eg：Some book/water      A lot of +可数名词/不可数名词七.I like g

27、ong to the movies with my friends and playing sports.        1        2          3   1.like doing sth:喜欢干某事，表示个人兴趣爱好，经常性的动作。        

28、60;        Eg: I like playing football      Like to do sth:表示想去做某事，表示最近想去干某事。2.去看电影  Go to the movies  Go to a movie  Go to the cinema  Go to see a movie3.and 和with  And连接两个主语，通常放在句首，其谓语动词复数。（连词）  with为介词，后面跟名词

29、或代词的宾格，通常放在句末。      Eg: He and I are both students          He lives in China with his parents. Unit one 重点词组1.pen pal 笔友     2.speak English讲英语 3. be from=come from来自4.on weekends在周末5.write to d

30、o 给某人写信5.live in 居住7.a little一些8.likes and dislikes喜欢/不喜欢9.like doing sth喜欢做某事10.like to do sth想去做某事11. tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事12.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事13. talk to/with sth 1和某人谈话4.talk of /about sth 谈论某事15. be interesting in对感兴趣16.go to the movies=go to the cinema =go to see a film 去看电影17.he

31、ar from sb收到某人来信Unit 2 Wheres the post office? 一语言目标：问路，指路问路的常用句型：Excuse me：1.Wheres the post office?           2.Is there a post office near here? 3.Which is the way to the post office? 4.Could you tell me how to get to the post offic

32、e? 5.Could you tell me how can I get to the post office?                6.Could you tell me where the post office?               (特殊疑问句跟在宾语从句后，其语句用用陈述

33、句语序)   二Is there a bank near here?      There be 句型:表示某地有某物，表示客观存在。       否定形式只需在there be + not       Eg: There isnt any water in the cap.       疑问句：Be + there + 其他  

34、;     Eg: Is there a zoo near hear?        have/has:表示某人有某物 从属关系       Eg: We have a bed in the room?       如果后接门牌号，用介词at       Eg: He lives at 88 Hua Xing

35、 street.       在街道上，in the street英国人用法 ,on the street美国人用法。Eg: He lives in/on the street.In the neighborhood of 在的附近三Just go straight and turn left.指路常用句型：1. Walk on and turn left 2.It is +介词+地点 3.Its about +(具体数字)meters  from here 4. Take the second

36、 turning/crossing on the right 5. Turn right/left at the second turning.四1谢谢的说法1. Thank you very much.2. Thanks a lot.3. Thanks4. Many thank.5. Thanks a million.回答谢谢：1. Thats all right.2. Youre welcome.3. Not at all.4. Anytime5. Dont mention it6. It s my pleasureWe

37、lcome to+地点 表示欢迎来到某地Enjoy 后加 doing sthTake a walk五           Through ,across,over(穿过，通过)1. Through：表示从中间穿过，通过。强调动作在里面进行。Eg Mr. Stone walks through the park.2. across:表示动作在某一物体表面进行Eg：We walk across the road.3.over:多指在空间范围上通过，越过或垂直在上，与表面不接触。Eg：The bird

38、s fly over the city.六With与in“用”In：强调使用的或颜色In+语言In+颜色 （表示某人穿什么颜色的衣服）Have fun=have a good time =enjoy oneselfHave fun doing sthBe busy doing 忙于某事七方位介词1.next to 在旁边2.in front of内部in the front of 外部 在前面3.Between and两者之间4.behind 在后面5.across from6.over在之上八. I know you are arriving next Sunday1.are arrivin

39、g 用进行时表将来时表示位置移动的词（go, come, leave, arrive）通常用现在进行时表一般将来时。2.arrive,get to, reach(到达)arrive不及物动词，后要加at/in 后要加地点名词get to:经常用于口语中reach:及物动词，后直接加地点名词Eg: arrive in Beijing = get to Beijing =reach BeijingUnit 2 重点词组1. in front of / in the front of在前面2. Turn right/left向左/右转3. go straight向前直走4. across

40、from在对面5. Between and在两者之间6. the beginning of的开始7. take a taxi=by taxi打车8. on ones way to在某人去某地的路上9. In the neighborhood在附近10.take a walk散步11.go through穿过12.next to紧挨13.have fun=enjoy oneself=have a good time玩得开心，过得愉快14.let sb do sth让某人做某事15.arrive in/at=get to到达16.be busy with sth忙于某事17.be busy in

41、doing sth忙于做某事18.take a look at= have a look at看19.take your time 不要急20.take off脱掉21.enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事22.on the road=in the road在路上Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?一Lets see the pandas first.1. Lets  let us    Let s后加动词原形  Let sb do sth让某人做某事注：let 后面用人称代词作宾语，用宾格形式。2.提出建议的其他表

42、达方式1. Lets do2. Shall weEg：Shall we go shopping.3.Hou/What about怎么样？Eg：What about going shopping?4.Why notWhy not后加动词原形Eg：Why not have a rest?二Why与how come均表示为什么，但在完整问句中，有所差别Why后面必须接倒装语序，而how come后不须接倒装句型，即how come+主语+动词。Eg：Why is Mr. Stone cryingHow come Mr. Stone is crying?三1.kind of 有一点=a little2

43、.a kind of一种3.all kinds of各种各样4.kind 和蔼例：Its very kind of you.你真好。四Do you like giraffes?1. like(vt):喜欢，愿意，想要。2. like+n. 喜欢做某事Eg：I like music    I like children3.like to do sth 想做某事 （表示一lik次性的，未发生的动作）Eg：I like to take with you tonight4. like sb to do sthEg：I like student to tell truth.

44、5.would like to do sth 希望做某事Eg：I would like to go there6.like  doing sth喜欢做某事（长期习惯性的动作，尤其指个人爱好）Eg：I like reading in bed7. How do you like sth?你觉得怎么样？Eg：How do you like China?       Like 还可以做形容词adj（相像的），介词prep(像)，连词conj（如同）。Eg: The twins are very like (adj.)Lik

45、e father, like son (prep.)Do it like I tell you (conj)区别：be friendly with sb 和某人关系好      be friendly to sb 对某人友好     be+数词+years old 某人多大了 other:表示其他的。后常跟复数如果other与表示数量意义的词一起作定语，必须位于数量词之后。五Isnt he cute?否定疑问句，常用来表示反问。翻译为“难到不？”Eg：Cant you play football

46、?回答否定疑问句，常用yes/no.但这时yes翻译为“不”,no翻译为“是的”。Eg：-Doesnt he have a brother?-Yes, he does不，他有。-No, he doesnt 是的，他没有。六He sleeps during the day.go to bed  和 sleepgo to bed指上床睡觉，强调从脱衣服到上床这一动作，表示准备睡觉，不含睡着的意思。Sleep指睡觉，睡觉的全过程，用于现在进行时态中，表示正在睡觉。Eg：Its time to bedMy mother is sleeping相关词组：go to sleep入睡，想方设法入睡

47、=Fell asleep入睡，强调状态。          Sleepless失眠的          Sleepwalker梦游者          Sleepy困倦的Unit 4重点词组1. be from=come from2. kind of=a little3. all kinds of4

48、. be quiet5. during the day6. get up7. play with8. be friendly with sb 和某人关系好    9. be friendly to sb 对某人友好10. like doing sth11. like to do sth12. like sb to do sth13. go to bed 14. fall asleep=go to sleep  

49、60;          Unit 4 I want to be an actor一 询问职业的方式1. What do you do?2. Whats your job?3. What are you?4. Whats your work?5. Whats your occupation?二 名词所有格定义：英语名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系。如果该名词本身是以s结尾的复数形式，其名词所有格只需要加“ ”.用法：1.表示有生

50、命的东西的名词或表示时间、国家、城镇、机构等名词构成所有格，通常加s.Eg：1. the teachers desk       2.todays newspaper3.womens day                 4.Chinas culture 中国文化      2.并列名次各自的所有格，在每个名词后加s,；表示几

51、个名词共有的则在最后一个名词后加s.Give sb sth=give sth to sbGet from 从取得介词后通常跟宾格形式。Put on强调动作Wear强调状态三 Sometimes, some times ,sometime some time1.sometimes译为有时，表示频率和频度的副词。He sometimes writes to me.2.some times：名词短语，意为“几次，几倍”I have been to Beijing some times.3.sometime副词，意为“某个时候”经常用在将来时当中.I will go to see a doc

52、tor sometime tomorrow.4.Some time：名词短语，意为一段时间，此时的time是不可数名词，翻译为时间。Ill stay in China for some time三 Problem和question1. problem指疑难或难以解决的问题，如数学，人口，环境污染问题，以及令人困惑的是或情况等。Eg：Can you work out this math problem? 你会做这道数学题吗？2Question多只要求回答的问题Eg：Mr. yang likes to ask all kinds of question辨析: in hospit

53、al住院      In the hospital在医院      At table进餐吃饭      At the table在桌子旁边      Go to school去上学      Go to the school到学校去      Job:可数名词，指具体某项工作，多指雇佣的、招聘的、有

54、报酬的工作      Work:不可数名词，主要指脑力和体力劳动，表示抽象活动四 We have a job for you as a waiterAs:1.prep.介词：作为，当作。Eg：Mr. Stone works in Yilin as an English teacher2. conj:连词：像一样      Eg:English is as easy as Chinese 英语像汉语一样简单。3Conj连词：按照Eg：He does as his mother says他

55、按照他妈妈说的去做Call sb at+电话号码   给某人打电话五        We need an actor today!1. need n.需要，必要2. need v.（1） 人+ need+ to do sth 需要做某事Eg;I need to have a rest（2） 人/物+ need + doing sth 应该做某事Eg: The room needs cleanng. 3. need情态动词，后加动词原形 

56、Eg: I need go home to see my motherUnit 4 重点词组1. shop assistant店员2.  bank clerk银行职员3. in the restaurant在饭店4. go out外出5. TV station电视台6. in/during the day在白天7. work with和某人一起工作8. at night在晚上9. in the evening在傍晚10. talk to/with sb和某人说话11.in hospital住院12.in

57、the hospital在医院里13. ask sb sth和某人说要某物14.give sb sth=give sth to sb给某人某物15.work late工作很晚16.want sb to  do sth想要某人做某事17.get  from从得到18.want to do sth=would like to do sth     常用于口语 19.get back回来20.get up起床21.get on上车22.get off下车23.need doing sth24.need to do sthUnit

58、5 Im watching TV   八种时态：   两种一般时：一般现在时、一般过去时   两种完成时：现在完成时、过去完成时   两种将来时：一般将来时，过去将来时   两种进行时：现在进行时、过去进行时一现在进行时1) 定义：表示现在进行或发生的动作，还可以表示前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（现在进行时经常与时间状语now连用或用在look! Listen!引出的句子中）2) 构成：主语+be(am.ia.are)+动词的现在分词（doing）3) 用

59、法：1.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作 如：Hes running.           2.表示位置移动的动词，如：come、 go 、arrive 、arrive、 fly 等通常用现在时表示一般将来时。           Eg：Im leaving for Beijing next week下周我将要去北京4) 现在分词构成1. 一般情况下在动词后直接加s2. 

60、;以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加ing3. 以重读闭音节结尾的并且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母，再加ing.4. 以辅音字母结尾的重读音节叫做闭音节。 二watch、look 、ee 与read区别1. watch译为观看、注视，指长时间观看某一活动的场面，如看电视、看比赛等。例：watch a football match    watch sb 观察，注视某人2.  look:强调看的动作，不强调结果，是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，必须加介词at例：Look at the blackboard ,

61、please3. see:强调看的结果，是及物动词，后面可以直接跟宾语Eg：Can you see the clouds in the sky?See sb do sth  看见某人干某事的全过程See sb doing sth 看见某人正在干某事4. read:译为看，读，其宾语常为报纸、书、杂志等例;Hes reading a book三At ,in, ona) in在一天当中的早晨、上午、下午、晚上或年、季节、月前用inin summer    in the morning    in M

62、ay   in 2008  b) on指具体到某一天上午、下午、晚上用onon Saturdayc) at通常用在时刻前       the photo of me 一张我的照片       the photo of mine我的一张照片Unit 5 重点词组1. do homework做作业2. watch TV看电视3. eat dinner吃晚饭4. play baske

63、tball打篮球5. wait for等待6. talk on the photo通过电话通话7. talk to sb=talk with sb 和某人谈话8. talk of/about sth谈论某事9. read books读书10. TV show电视节目11. go to the films/movies=go to the cinema =go to see a film=go to a movie/film去看电影Unit 6 Its raining一、 Hows the weather in Sh

64、anghai?1. Hows the weather?加地点 2.  Whats the weather like?   加地点3. 考点：weather 不可数名词 n.天气（同音词whether=if是否）例题：What      D       fine weather(day)!A. aB. anC. theD. /感叹句构成：what + adj+名词+主语+谓语cook 1.

65、v.烹调                及物动词     2.n.厨师Cooker厨具例：I  cook breatfast by myself every morningPretty:1.adj.漂亮的=beautiful        She is a pretty girl2. adv.相当，很3. 副

66、词只能修饰动词（study hard），形容词（pretty good）,副词本身（very we二.join与take part in1. join是指某一组织团体，成为成员。如果后加表示人的名词或代词，此时译为加入某人，加入某些人的行列中去。例：May I join you?2. join sb  加入某人3. take part in 参加会议或群众性活动4. join in = take part inshow:1.n.节目    TV show     2.v给看，

67、展示  show sb sth    shou sth to sbThere be 句型表示某地有某物，遵循就近一致原则。例题：       There is (be)a book and two pens on the desk              A dancer and singer is (be)in this room三1.  Some ot

68、hers 一些一些2.  Some the others表示特定范围内的一些，另一些3.   One the other   一个另一个新 课标 第 一网Look:1.vi    look at看过程     2.连系动词 看起来 +adj作表语Be surprised atBe surprised to do sth四Everyone 每一人  Every one 每一人、事（常与of连用）Unit6重点词组1. Read a book2. p

69、lay computer3. pretty good4. take photos5. look cool6. lie on the beach7. thank sb for doing sth8. on vacation9. in surprise10. be surprised in11. to ones surprise 12. have a good time =enjoy oneselfUnit 7 What does he look like?Stop: stop

70、doing sth 停下做某事    Eg: Stop murmuring! 不要小声说话！ Stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事  Eg: stop to talk! 停下来去说话（开始说话） Stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事     Eg :My mother often stops me from going outside at nightRemember :Remember doing sth 记得曾经做过某事I remember meeting

71、youRemember to do sth 记得去做某事Remember to have supper.Remember sb to sth代某人问好一.What does he look like? 用于询问人的外貌，特征v Look like=look the same看起来一样v Look：v1.动词vi.   Eg: Look at the blackboard2.联系动词，看起来  Eg : You look very tired 3.名词，外表，长相 Eg：Her look is nice.4.like:

72、0; 动词vt. 喜欢 Eg：She likes playing computer games.ü 介词 prep. 像 Eg： He looks like his father.ü 名词 n. 爱好 Eg:  Likes and dislikesü       Like当名词讲，通常用复数形式  形容词.相像的 Eg: Mr. Stone and Mr. Wang are very like.ü二And和or的区别 “和”  

73、;1.and通常用于肯定句中2.or通常用于否定句和疑问句中 Eg：She has no legs and no arms     She has no legs or arms      当两个名词前后都有否定词修饰时，用and不用or.三Shes good-looking but shes a little bit quiet.  Good-looking 复合形容词构成1. 形容词+动词ing  Eg：easy-going2. 名词+动词e

74、d形式 Eg: man-made 人造的3. 数词+名词单数 Eg: two-year-old4. 数词+名词ed  Eg: three-legged5. 形容词+名词 Eg: full-time 全职的  A little bit, a little ,a bit共同点：当这三个词语作状语时，可以通用，但a little bit 比例另两个所表示的程度要浅。不同点：a little 和a bit修饰名词作定语用法不同，a little后直接跟不可数名词而a bit需要加of再加不可数名词Eg：a little water=a bit

75、 of water四Love和like的区别Like是强度最弱的一个，指对某人、某物感兴趣，表示单纯的兴趣、满意、好感。其后通常加名词、动词不定式或动名词。Love包含感情色彩最强，意为“爱、热爱、喜欢”其后跟名词、动词不定式或动名词。Eg: Mr. Stone loves watching football match very much.考点：love一般不用于进行时态，如果love表示喜欢时，一般不用于否定句，love如果用于否定句，只能表示爱。Eg：l like（喜欢） him。But I dont love(爱) himWell：1.adj 身体好      2.adv 好地  例：Study wellNotany more=no more五I dont think(否定转移) hes so great.Think引导的句子中如果表示否定意义，否定词转移到think前边如果think后面从具有否定意义，往往把否定词转移到主句，叫做否定转移。Eg：I dont think you are right.Unit7 重点词组1) Look like2) Curly hair3) Medium height4)&#