非谓语动词作定语语法讲义

1、非谓语动词作定语语法讲义一 如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语：1.看横线所在的位置 具体方法如下： 如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。如： The meeting_ yesterday was very important. The university, _ in 1902, has a history of a century.2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。如： The meeting_ yesterday was very important. The universit

2、y, _ in 1902, has a history of a century.二 作定语时的逻辑主语：作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。如：The meeting held yesterday was very important.三 如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语：1. 和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系 2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如：1）The repairs cost a lot, but its money well _.A. to spendB. spentC. being spent D. spending2）The wild flowers looked li

3、ke a soft orange blanket_ the desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover3） The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! (2007全国卷I) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 四作定语的具体用法：1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done（务必牢记）. 注：having done 绝对不能作定语。 原因：当作定语的非谓语动词的动作明显发生在谓

4、语动词动作之前时，此时不能用非谓语动词作定语，即不能用having done作定语，必须用定语从句作定语。如：The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home.(这句话中的having waited,作的不是定语，而是状语)The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home五 作定语的非谓语动词和所修饰的名词之间的关系：t

5、o do:只表示动作还没发生，不强调和逻辑主语的主被动关系。如: I have a lot of things to do. The years to follow will be very hard.to be done: 和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作还没发生。如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important.doing (及物动词)：和逻辑主语是主动关系如：He received a letter saying his mother would come to see him soon.being done(及物动词)：和

6、逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作正在进行如：The meeting being held now is very important.done(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作已经完成。注：Things lost will never come again.We finished the work in less than half the time allowed.注：不及物动词的现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行；过去分词作定语：只表示动作的完成，不表被动。如：the developing countries:发展中国家the developed countries：发达国家六 不

7、定式作定语的几种情况及注意事项a) 当被修饰的名词之前有序数词或形容词最高级并且和所修饰的名词是主动关系时，要用不定式作定语。如：He is the best person to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.b) 当被修饰的名词是抽象名词时，要用不定式作定语。如：Do you have the ability to write in English.c) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式之后必须有相应的介词。但

8、是如果不定式所修饰的名词是time, place 或way 时，不定式之后的介词习惯上可以省略。如：I need a room to live in.I need a pen to write with.I had money and no place to live( in).d) 当作定语的不定式和所修饰的名词是被动关系时，不定式既可用主动形式，也可以用被动形式，但表达的含义不同。试比较：I have a lot of things to do.我有很多事情要做。（我就是to do动作的发出者）I have a lot of things to be done. 我有很多事情要做。(被别人

9、做，别人是to be done动作的发出者）七非谓语动词作定语的一些用法比较：1.to be done, being done, done 作定语的区别 相同点：和所修饰的名词都是被动关系 不同点：在时间上 .to be done：动作未发生 being done: 动作正在进行 done：动作已完成 如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important The meeting being held now is very important The meeting held yesterday was very important.

10、2. have something to do 和have something to be done 的区别 have something to do：主语有事自己做 have something to be done：主语有事让别人做如：I have a lot of things to do.我有很多事情要做。（我就是to do动作的发出者）I have a lot of things to be done. 我有很多事情要做。(被别人做，别人是to be done动作的发出者） 非谓语动词作定语高考题专练1. The prize of the game show is $30,000 a

11、nd an all expenses _ vacation to China. A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid2. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 3. There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C

12、. adding D. added4. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait5. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them

13、 C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom6. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008.A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held7. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed8. Five

14、 people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given9. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (2007全国卷II) A. opened and closed B. to be

15、 opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close10. The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007上海卷) A. to be completedB. having been completed C. completedD. being completed11. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. (2

16、007湖南卷) A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost12. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me?A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat13. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down14. We finished the run in less than half t

17、he time _.A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows15. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year.A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found16. Ideally _ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.A. locatingB. being

18、locatedC. having been locatedD. located17. The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced18. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow1

19、9. The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced20. Now that weve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take21. We are i

20、nvited to a party _in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding22. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected23. There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage d

21、ifferent parts of the brain.A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating24. With the world changing fast, we have something new _with all by ourselves every day.A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing25. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _from the library.A. to borrow B. to

22、be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing26. I'm calling to enquire about the position in yesterday's China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised27. So far nobody has claimed the money _in the library.A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having

23、 discovered28. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed29. His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published30. A great number of students said they were for

24、ced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning31. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired32. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ l

25、ess than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing33. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce34. On hearing a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr.G

26、ordon immediately rushed home from his office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say35. The island, _to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined36. Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate amo

27、ng citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared37. The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen38. The ability _an idea as important as the idea itself A expressing B expressed C to express D to cover39. The players _from the whole country ar

28、e expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A selecting B to selected C selected D having selected40. Look over there-theres a very long, winding path _up to the house.A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead41. Tsinghua University, in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. foun

29、d B. founding C. founded D. to be founded42. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made43. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.A. prov

30、iding B. provided C. having provided D. provide44. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started45. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A. offered B

31、. offering C. to offer D. to be offered答案：1-5BCDCD 6-10CCCCC 11-15ACBCD 16-20DCABC 21-25ACBCC 26-30 AABBC 31-35DDBCC 36-40BBCCA 41-45CABAB非谓语动词作补语一：补语的种类（两种）：1. 宾语补足语 2. 主语补足语二如何判断非谓语动词作的是补语：1. 宾语补足语A. 如果横线部分放在了及物动词+名词或代词之后。如：I hear him _ in the next room.注：能跟宾语+宾语补足语的动词常见的有以下三类：1. 感官动词：see, watch,

32、look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to2. 使役动词：have, let, make, get3. 其他动词：find, keep, want, leave（使。处于某种状态），catch 如：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash、I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast

33、.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound注：下列动词或动词短语之后也用不定式作宾补（在主动句中）；在被动句中，用不定式作主语补足语。allow, permit, forbid, persuade, require, remind, invite, wish, warn, encourage, call on 等。注：特别关注allow 和 permit 的用法Allow/permit doingAllow/permit sb to doSb be allowed/permitted to do如：We dont allow smoking here.We

34、dont allow you to smoke here.You are not allowed to smoke here. 此外 hope, suggest 之后不能用不定式做宾补 hope sb to do × suggest sb to do×B. 如果横线放在with +名词或代词之后。如：The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog _.A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows2. 主语补足语下列结构中

35、用不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought_.如：The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (2007辽宁卷)A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break三作补语时的逻辑主语：1. 宾语补足语 作宾语补足语时，逻辑主语就是其之前的名词或代词

36、。如：I hear him singing in the next room2. 主语补足语 作主语补足语时，逻辑主语就是句子的主语。 如：He was said to have been to America before.四如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作补语：1. 和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系 2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成五. 非谓语动词作补语的具体用法：1. 宾语补足语1）.感官动词see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to之后的宾补有四种形式：do, doing, being done, done ,以see

37、 为例： See +sb/sth do 看见某人做了某事（主动，完成） See+sb/sth doing看见某人正在做某事（主动，正在进行） See+sb/sth being done看见某人或某事正在被做（被动，正在进行） See+sb/sth done（及物动词）看见某人或某物被。（只表示被动） See+sb/sth done(不及物动词)看见某人或某物。了。（只表示完成，不表示被动）注：如果see +sb/sth do变成被动语态，do 之前要加to ,其他感官动词也如此。如：I heard her sing an English song just now. She was heard

38、 to sing an English song just now.I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room.I heard an English song being sung when I passed her room.Id like to see the plan carried out.I looked down at my table and saw my wallet gone.2）.使役动词let之后的宾补有两种形式：do, be done 如：He let me open the door. Let

39、the work be done immediately. 使役动词make之后的宾补有两种形式：do, done 如: He made me open the door.He had to raise his voice to make himself heard. 使役动词have, get之后的宾补有三种形式：do(to do), doing, done，这里的have, get都表示“使，让”，具体用法：3）have 的用法 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing 让某人一直做某事、使某物一直处于某种状态。 have sth done:请某人做某

40、事；表示主语的遭遇如：He had me open the door.Dont have your children studying all the time.Dont have the lights going all the time.Ill have my bike repaired tomorrow.Tom had his leg broken while playing football.4）get的用法 Get sb to do让某人做某事（注意和have 的区别） Get sb/sth doing使某人或某物开始。Get sth done使某事被做。如：He got me to

41、 open the door. He tried to get his car moving. He had to get all the things done before tomorrow.5）find 之后的宾补 Find sb doing 发现某人正在做某事 Find sth done 发现某物被。 注：find 之后不能用动词原形做宾补。6）leave之后的宾补Leave sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事Leave sth doing让某物一直处于某种状态Leave sth undone 留下某事未做如：The teacher left the student stand

42、ing there all the time.Dont leave the water running.He left in a hurry, leaving the breakfast untouched.7)catch 之后的宾补Catch sb doing 当场发现某人正在做某事。如：I caught him reading my private letters.8)with 的复合结构中的宾补with的复合结构 构成：with +宾语+宾补 作用：作状语或定语 翻译：做状语时with 翻译成“由于”，作定语时with 翻译成“有”。 考点：考查宾语补足语的选择。它的宾补通常由：to d

43、o, doing, being done, done 构成，他们表示的含义分别是： to do ：要做（不强调主被动）doing: 和宾语之间是主动关系。being done: 被动和正在进行done：被动和完成如：With a lot of things to do, I am very busy. With the teacher helping me, I finally succeeded. With the problem being discussed, we must keep it a secret. With everything done, he felt relaxed.

44、2. 主语补足语下列结构中用不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought +to do/to be doing/to have done/to have been dong ，他们表示的含义分别是：to do 要做to be doing正在做to have done已经做了to have been doing一直在做如: He is said to study in Canada. He is said to be studying in Canada. He is said to have studie

45、d in Canada. He is said to have been studying in Canada.非谓语动词作补语高考题专练1. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on2. Is Bob still performing? I'm afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an officialA. to have left B. to leave C. t

46、o have been left D. to be left3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_ often enough.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained4. I really can't understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating5. In the dream Peter saw hims

47、elf _by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased6. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _.A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied7. AIDS is

48、 said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been8. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be

49、 missing D. get lost9. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全国卷I) A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt10. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. (2007上海卷) A. callingB. called C. being called D. to call11. John received an

50、 invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. (2007安徽卷) A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished12. Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. (2007北京卷)A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing13. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period. (2007福建卷)A. improvedB. improving C. to improveD. improve14. Come on, please give me