ansys学习145官方用户手册mechanical apdl basic analysis guide

1、ANSYS Mechanical APDL Basic Analysis GuideANSYS, Inc.Southpointe275 Technology DriveCanonsburg, PA 15317 ansysinfo(T)(F)Release 14.5October 2012ANSYS, Inc. iscertified to ISO 9001:2008.Copyright and Trademark Information© 2012 SAS IP, Inc. . Unauthorized use, distribution or duplication is proh

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8、blished in the U.S.A.Table of ContentsRelease 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. - Contains proprietary andinformationof ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.xiii1. Getting Started with ANSYS11.1. Building the M . 11.1.1. Specifying a Jobname and Analysis Title11.1.1.1. Defining the Jobname11.1.1

9、.2. Defining an Analysis Title21.1.1.3. Defining Units21.1.2. Defining Element Types21.1.3. Defining Element Real Constants31.1.3.1. Creating Cross Sections41.1.4. Defining Material Properties41.1.4.1. Linear Material Properties41.1.4.2. Nonlinear Material Properties71.1.4.3. Anisotropic Elastic Mat

10、erial Properties81.1.4.4. Material M Interface81.1.4.4.1. Accessing the Interface81.1.4.4.2. Choosing Material Behavior81.1.4.4.3. Entering Material Data91.1.4.4.4. Logging/Editing Material Data121.1.4.4.5. Example: Defining a Single Material M121.1.4.4.6. Example: Editing Data in a Material M131.1.

11、4.4.7. Example: Defining a Material M Combination141.1.4.4.8. Material M Interface - Miscellaneous Items151.1.4.5. Using Material Library Files151.1.4.6. Format of Material Library Files161.1.4.7. Specifying a Default /Write Path for Material Library Files161.1.4.8. Creating (Writing) a Material Lib

12、rary File161.1.4.9. ing a Material Library File171.1.5. Creating the M Geometry171.2. Applying Loads and Obtaining the Solution181.2.1. Defining the Analysis Type and Analysis Options181.2.2. Applying Loads191.2.3. Specifying Load Step Options201.2.4. Initiating the Solution201.3. Reviewing the Resu

13、lts202. Loading232.1. What Are Loads?232.2. Load Steps, Substeps, and Equilibrium Iterations242.3. The Role of Time in Tracking262.4. Stepped Versus Ramped Loads272.5. Applying Loads282.5.1. Solid-M Loads: Advantages and Disadvantages282.5.2. Finite-Element Loads: Advantages and Disadvantages292.5.3

14、. DOF Constraints292.5.4. Applying Symmetry or symmetry Boundary Conditions302.5.5. Transferring Constraints322.5.5.1. Resetting Constraints322.5.5.2. Scaling Constraint Values322.5.5.3. Resolution of ing Constraint Specifications332.5.6. Forces (Concentrated Loads)342.5.6.1. Repeating a Force352.5.

15、6.2. Scaling Force Values352.5.6.3. Transferring Forces362.5.7. Surface Loads362.5.7.1. Applying Pressure Loads on Beams372.5.7.2. Specifying Node Number Versus Surface Load382.5.7.3. Specifying a Gradient Slope382.5.7.4. Repeating a Surface Load412.5.7.5. Transferring Surface Loads422.5.7.6. Using

16、Surface Effect Elements to Apply Loads422.5.8. Applying Body Loads422.5.8.1. Specifying Body Loads for Elements432.5.8.2. Specifying Body Loads for Keypoints452.5.8.3. Specifying Body Loads on Lines, Areas and Volumes452.5.8.4. Specifying a Uniform Body Load462.5.8.5. Repeating a Body Load Specifica

17、tion462.5.8.6. Transferring Body Loads462.5.8.7. Scaling Body Load Values462.5.8.8. Resolving ing Body Load Specifications472.5.9. Applying Inertia Loads482.5.10. Applying Ocean Loads502.5.11. Applying Coupled-Field Loads512.5.12. Axisymmetric Loads and Reactions512.5.12.1. Hints and Restrictions522

18、.5.13. Loads to Which the Degree of dom Offers No . 52 2.5.14. Initial State Loading522.5.15. Applying Loads Using TABLE Type Array Parameters522.5.15.1. Defining Primary Variables532.5.15.2. Defining Independent Variables562.5.15.3. Operating on Table Parameters562.5.15.4. Verifying Boundary Condit

19、ions562.5.15.5. Example Analysis Using 1-D Table Array572.5.15.6. Example Analysis Using 5-D Table Array572.5.16. Applying Loads Using Components and Assemblies592.6. Specifying Load Step Options592.6.1. Setting General Options602.6.1.1. Solution Controls Dialog Box602.6.1.2. The Time Option602.6.1.

20、3. Number of Substeps and Time Step Size602.6.1.4. Automatic Time Step612.6.1.5. Step or RamLoads612.6.1.6. Other General Options632.6.2. Setting Dynamics Options642.6.3. Setting Nonlinear Options652.6.4. Setting Output Controls662.6.5. Setting Biot-Savart Options672.6.6. Setting Spectrum Options672

21、.7. Creating Multiple Load Step Files672.8. Defining Pretension in a Joint Fastener692.8.1. Applying Pretension to a Fastener Meshed as a Single Piece692.8.2. Applying Pretension to a Fastener Meshed as Two Pieces702.8.3. Example Pretension Analysis702.8.4. Example Pretension Analysis (GUI Method)74

22、2.8.4.1. Set the Analysis Title742.8.4.2. Define the Element Type742.8.4.3. Define Material Properties752.8.4.4. Set Viewing Options752.8.4.5. Create Geometry762.8.4.6. Mesh Geometry772.8.4.7. Solution: Apply Pretension782.8.4.8. Postprocessing: Pretension Results792.8.4.9. Solution: Apply Thermal G

23、radient792.8.4.10. Postprocessing: Pretension and Thermal Results802.8.4.11. Exit ANSYS803. Using the Function Tool813.1. Function Tool Terminology813.2. Using the Function Editor823.2.1. How the Function Editor Works823.2.1.1. Selecting Primary Variables in the Function Editor833.2.2. Creating a Fu

24、nction with the Function Editor843.2.3. Using Your Function853.3. Using the Function Loader853.4. Applying Boundary Conditions Using the Function Tool863.5. Function Tool Example863.6. Graphing or Listing a Function913.6.1. Graphing a Function923.6.2. Listing a Function924. Initial State954.1. Speci

25、fying and Editing Initial State Values954.1.1. Node-Based Initial State964.2. Initial State Application964.2.1. Initial Stress Application964.2.2. Initial Strain Application974.2.3. Initial Plastic Strain Application984.2.4. Initial Creep Strain Application984.2.5. Initial State with State Variables

26、 Application994.2.6. Node-Based Initial Strain Application994.3. Initial State File Format994.4. Using Coordinate Systems with Initial State1004.5. Initial State Limitations1004.6. Example Problems Using Initial State1014.6.1. Example: Initial Stress Problem Using the IST File1014.6.2. Example: Init

27、ial Stress Problem Using the INISTATEd1024.6.3. Example: Initial Strain Problem Using the INISTATEd1034.6.4. Example: Initial Plastic Strain Problem Using the INISTATEd1034.6.5. Example: Initial Creep Strain Problem Using the INISTATEd1054.6.6. Example: Initial Plastic Strain Problem Using the INIST

28、ATE with State Variables1074.6.7. Example: Node-Based Initial Strain Problem Using the INISTATE d1094.7. Writing Initial State Values1114.7.1. Example: Output From the INISTATE d's WRITE Option1115. Solution1135.1. Selecting a Solver1135.2. Types of Solvers1155.2.1. The Sparse Direct Solver1155.

29、2.1.1. Distributed Sparse Direct Solver1165.2.2. The Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) Solver1175.2.3. The Jacobi Conjugate Gradient (JCG) Solver1195.2.4. The Incomplete Cholesky Conjugate Gradient (ICCG) Solver1195.2.5. The Quasi-Minimal Residual (QMR) Solver1195.3. Solver Memory and Performa

30、nce1205.3.1. Running Solvers Under Shared Memory1205.3.2. Using Large Memory Capabilities with the Sparse Solver1205.3.3. Disk Space (I/O) and Postprocessing Performance for Large Memory Problems1215.3.4. Memory Usage on Windows 32-bit Systems1215.4. Using Special Solution Controls for Certain Types

31、 of Structural Analyses1225.4.1. Using Abridged Solution s1235.4.2. Using the Solution Controls Dialog Box1235.4.3. Accessing More Information1255.5. Obtaining the Solution1265.6. Solving Multiple Load Steps1265.6.1. Using the Multiple SOLVE Method1265.6.2. Using the Load Step File Method1275.6.3. U

32、sing the Array Parameter Method1275.7. Terminating a Running Job1295.8. Restarting an Analysis1295.8.1. Multiframe Restart1305.8.1.1. Multiframe Restart Requirements1335.8.1.1.1. Multiframe Restart Limitations1345.8.1.2. Multiframe Restart Procedure1355.8.2. VT Accelerator Re-run1365.8.2.1. VT Accel

33、erator Re-run Requirements1375.8.2.2. VT Accelerator Re-run Procedure1375.9. Singularities1375.10. Stop Solution After Matrix Assembly1386. An Overview of Postprocessing1396.1. Postprocessors Available1396.2. The Results Files1406.3. Types of Data Available for Postprocessing1407. Teral Postprocesso

34、r (POST1)1437.1. ing Results Data into the Database1437.1.1. ing in Results Data1437.1.2. Other Options for Retrieving Results Data1457.1.2.1. Defining Data to be Retrieved1457.1.2.2. ing Selected Results Information1457.1.2.3. Appending Data to the Database1457.1.3. Creating an Element Table1467.1.

35、3.1. Filling the Element Table for Variables Identified By Name1477.1.3.2. Filling the Element Table for Variables Identified By Sequence Number1477.1.3.3. Considerations for Defining Element Tables1477.1.4. Special Considerations for Principal Stresses1487.1.5. ing in FLOTRAN Results1487.1.6. Reset

36、ting the Database1497.2. Reviewing Results in POST11497.2.1. Displaying Results Graphically1497.2.1.1. Contour Displays1497.2.1.2. Deformed Shape Displays1537.2.1.3. Vector Displays1547.2.1.4. Path Plots1547.2.1.5. Reaction Force Displays1557.2.1.6. Particle Flow and Charged Particle Traces1557.2.1.

37、7. Cracking and Crushing Plots1587.2.2. Surface Operations1587.2.2.1. Defining the Surface1597.2.2.2. Map Results Data Onto a Surface1607.2.2.3. Reviewing Surface Results1617.2.2.4. Perfor Operations on Mapped Surface Result Sets1617.2.2.5. Archiving and Retrieving Surface Data to a File1617.2.2.6.

38、Archiving and Retrieving Surface Data to an Array Parameter1627.2.2.7. Deleting a Surface1627.2.3. Integrating Surface Results1627.2.4. Listing Results in Tabular Form1637.2.4.1. Listing Nodal and Element Solution Data1637.2.4.2. Listing Reaction Loads and Applied Loads1647.2.4.3. Listing Element Ta

39、ble Data1657.2.4.4. Other Listings1667.2.4.5. Sorting Nodes and Elements1677.2.4.6. Customizing Your Tabular Listings1677.2.5. Map Results onto a Path1687.2.5.1. Defining the Path1687.2.5.2. Using Multiple Paths1697.2.5.3. Interpolating Data Along the Path1707.2.5.4. Map Path Data1707.2.5.5. Reviewi

40、ng Path Items1717.2.5.6. Perfor Mathematical Operations among Path Items1717.2.5.7. Archiving and Retrieving Path Data to a File1717.2.5.8. Archiving and Retrieving Path Data to an Array Parameter1727.2.5.9. Deleting a Path1737.2.6. Estimating Solution Error1747.2.7. Using the Results Viewer to Acce

41、ss Results File Data1747.2.7.1. The Results Viewer Layout1757.2.7.1.1. Main . 1757.2.7.1.2. Toolbar1767.2.7.1.3. Step/Sequence Data Access Controls1777.2.7.2. The Results Viewer Contexsitive s1787.3. Additional POST1 Postprocessing1807.3.1. Rotating Results to a Different Coordinate System1807.3.2.

42、Perfor Arithmetic Operations Among Results Data1827.3.3. Creating and Combining Load Cases1857.3.3.1. Saving a Combined Load Case1867.3.3.2. Combining Load Cases in Harmonic Element Ms1887.3.3.3. Summable, Non-Summable, and Constant Data1897.3.4. Map Results onto a Different Mesh or to a Cut Boundar

43、y1907.3.5. Creating or Modifying Results Data in the Database1917.3.6. Splitting Large Results Files1927.3.7. Magnetics d Macros1927.3.8. Comparing Nodal Solutions From Two Ms (RSTMAC)1947.3.8.1. Matching the Nodes1957.3.8.2. Map the Nodes1957.3.8.3. Evaluate MAC Between Solutions at Matched/Mapped

44、Nodes1967.3.8.4. Match the Solutions1978. The Time-History Postprocessor (POST26)1998.1. The Time-History Variable Viewer1998.2. Entering the Time-History Postprocessor2028.2.1. Interactive2028.2.2. Batch2028.3. Defining Variables2028.3.1. Interactive2038.3.2. Batch2048.4. Processing Your Variables

45、to Develop Calculated Data2068.4.1. Interactive2068.4.2. Batch2078.5. Importing Data2088.5.1. Interactive2088.5.2. Batch Mode2098.6. Exporting Data2108.6.1. Interactive Mode2108.6.2. Batch Mode2108.7. Reviewing the Variables2118.7.1. Plotting Result Graphs2118.7.1.1. Interactive2118.7.1.2. Batch2118

46、.7.2. Listing Your Results in Tabular Form2128.7.2.1. Interactive2128.7.2.2. Batch2138.8. Additional Time-History Postprocessing2138.8.1. Random Vibration (PSD) Results Postprocessing2148.8.1.1. Interactive2148.8.1.1.1. Covariance2148.8.1.1.2. Response PSD2158.8.1.2. Batch2168.8.2. Generating a Resp

47、onse Spectrum2168.8.2.1. Interactive2168.8.2.2. Batch2188.8.3. Data Smoothing2188.8.3.1. Interactive2188.8.3.2. Batch2189. Selecting and Components2219.1. Selecting Entities2219.1.1. Selecting Entities Using ds2239.1.2. Selecting Entities Using the GUI2239.1.3. Selecting Lines to Repair CAD Geometry

48、2249.1.4. Other ds for Selecting2249.2. Selecting for Meaningful Postprocessing2259.3. Grou Geometry Items into Components and Assemblies2269.3.1. Creating Components2279.3.2. Nesting Assemblies2279.3.3. Selecting Entities by Component or Assembly2289.3.4. Adding or Removing Components2299.3.5. Modi

49、fying Components or Assemblies22910. Getting Started with Graphics23110.1. Interactive Versus External Graphics23110.2. Identifying the Graphics Device Name (for UNIX)23110.2.1. Graphics Device Names Available23110.2.1.1. X11 and X11C23210.2.1.2. 3D23210.2.2. Graphics Drivers and Capabilities Suppor

50、ted on UNIX Systems23210.2.3. Graphics Device Types Supported on UNIX Systems23310.2.4. Graphics Environment Variables23310.3. Specifying the Graphics Display Device Type (for Windows)23410.4. System-Dependent Graphics Information23510.4.1. Adjusting Input Focus23510.4.2. Deactivating Backing Store2

51、3510.4.3. Setting Up RS/6000 3-D OpenGL Supported Graphics Adapters23510.4.4. Displaying X11 Graphics over Networks23510.4.5. HP Graphics Drivers23610.4.6. Producing GraphicDisplays on an HP PaintJet Printer23610.4.7. PostScript Option23710.4.8. RS/6000 Graphics Drivers23710.4.9. Silicon Graphics Dr

52、ivers23710.4.10. Sun UltraSPARC Graphics Drivers (32 and 64 bit versions)23710.5. Creating Graphics Displays23810.5.1. GUI-Driven Graphics Functions23810.5.2. d-Driven Graphics Functions23810.5.3. Immediate Mode Graphics23810.5.4. Replotting the Current Display23910.5.5. Erasing the Current Display2

53、3910.5.6. Aborting a Display in Progress23910.6. Multi-Plotting Techniques23910.6.1. Defining the Window Layout23910.6.2. Choosing What Entities Each Window Displays24010.6.3. Choosing the Display Used for Plots24110.6.4. Displaying Selected Entities24111. General Graphics Specifications24311.1. Usi

54、ng the GUI to Control Displays24311.2. Multiple ANSYS Windows, Superimposed Displays24311.2.1. Defining ANSYS Windows24311.2.2. Activating and Deactivating ANSYS Windows24311.2.3. Deleting ANSYS Windows24411.2.4. Copying Display Specifications Between Windows24411.2.5. Superimposing (Overlaying) Multiple Displays24411.2.6. Removing Frame Borders24411.3. Changing the Viewing Angle, Zoo, and Panning24411.3.1. Changing the Viewing Direction24511.3.2. Rotating the Display About a Specified Axis24611.3.3. Determining the M Coord