地质工程专业常用英文词汇

1、阐述 expound(explain, state引入 introduce into相应的 corresponding概念 conception概论 overview概率 probability概念化 conceptualize宏观的 macroscopic补充 complement规划 plan证明 demonstrate, certify, attest证实 confirmation补偿 compensate, make up, imburse算法 algorithm判别式 discriminant有限元方法 finite element method(FEM样本单元法 sample el

2、ement method(SEM赤平投影法 stereographic projection method(SPM赤平投影 stereographic projection干扰位移法 interference displacement method(IDM干扰能量法 interference energy method(IEM条分法 method of slices极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method界面元法 boundary element method模拟 simulate计算程序 computer program数值分析 numerical analysis计算工

3、作量 calculation load解的唯一性 uniqueness of solution多层结构模型 laminated model非线性 nonlinear横观各向同性 lateral isotropy各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy非均质性 heterogeneity边界条件 boundary condition本构方程 constitutive equation初始条件 initial condition初始状态 rest condition岩土工程 geotechnical engineering, 土木工程 civil engineering基础工程 f

4、oundation engineering最不利滑面 the most dangerous slip surface交替 alternate控制论 cybernetics大量现场调查 mass field surveys组合式 combined type相互作用 interaction稳定性评价 stability evaluation均质性 homogeneity介质 medium层 layer, stratum组构 fabric1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件 engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件 geog

5、raphic and geomorphic conditions地形 land form地貌 geomorphology, relief微地貌 microrelief地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度 grade地形图 relief map河谷 river valley河道 river course河床 river bed(channel冲沟 gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvial plain三角洲 delta古

6、河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel冲积扇 alluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial fan坡积裙 talus apron分水岭 divide盆地 basin岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform溶洞 solution cave, karst cave落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层 geostrome (stratum, strata岩性 lithologic character, rock property岩体 rock mass岩层 be

7、d stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum母岩 matrix, parent rock相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock, film 软质岩 weak rock硬质的 competent软质的 incompetent基岩 bedrock岩组 petrofabric覆盖层 overburden交错层理 cross bedding层面 bedding plane片理 schistosity层理 bedding板理（叶理） foliation波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-

8、forming minerals粘土矿物 clay mineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz长石 feldspar正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene, picrite角闪石 hornblende 方解石 calcite构造 structure结构 texture组构 fabric(tissue矿物组成 mineral composition结晶质 crystalline非晶质 amorphous产状 attitu

9、de火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive(invade rock喷出岩 effusive rock深成岩 plutonic rock浅成岩 pypabysal rock酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasic rock岩基 rock base (batholith岩脉（墙） dike岩株 rock stock岩流 rock flow岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite岩盆 rock lopolith岩

10、墙 rock dike岩床 rock sill岩脉 vein dyke花岗岩 granite斑岩 porphyry玢岩 porphyrite流纹岩 rhyolite正长岩 syenite粗面岩 trachyte闪长岩 diorite安山岩 andesite辉长岩 gabbro玄武岩 basalt细晶岩 aplite伟晶岩 pegmatite煌斑岩 lamprophyre辉绿岩 diabase橄榄岩 dunite黑曜岩 obsidian浮岩 pumice火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary

11、rock碎屑岩 clastic rock粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone化学岩 chemical rock生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate角砾岩 breccia砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartz sandstone粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone泥岩 mudstone页岩 shale盐岩 saline石灰岩 limestone白云岩 dolomite泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous砂质 arenaceous泥

12、质 argillaceous硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter粗粒 coarse grain中粒 medium-grained沉积物 sediment (deposit漂石、顽石 boulder卵石 cobble砾石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain砂质粘土 sandy clay粘质砂土 clayey sand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil黄土 loess红土 laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥 mire, oozed mud

13、, sludge, warp clay冲积物（层） alluvion冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的 diluvial坡积物（层） deluvium残积物（层） eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物（层） eolian deposits湖积物（层） lake deposits海积物（层） marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (driftdeposits崩积物（层） colluvial deposits, colluvium 残积粘土 residual clay变质岩 metamorphic r

14、ock板岩 slate千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist片麻岩 gneiss石英岩 quartzite大理岩 marble糜棱岩 mylonite混合岩 migmatite碎裂岩 cataclasite3地质构造地质构造 geologic structure结构构造 structural texture大地构造 geotectonic构造运动 tectogenesis造山运动 orogeny升降运动 vertical movement水平运动 horizontal movement完整性 perfection(integrity起伏度 waviness尺寸效应 size effect围

15、压效应 confining pressure effect产状要素 elements of attitude产状 attitude, orientation走向 strike倾向 dip倾角 dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲 fold单斜 monocline向斜 syncline背斜 anticline穹隆 dome挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section 下盘 bottom wall, footwall, lower wall断距 separation相交 intersect断层 fault正断层 normal fault逆断层 reversed f

16、ault平移断层 parallel fault层理 bedding, stratification 微层理 light stratification地堑 graben地垒 horst, fault ridge断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕 stria, striation断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone节理 joint节理组joint set裂隙 fissure, crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure劈理 cleavage原生裂隙 original joint次生裂隙 epig

17、enetic joint张裂隙 tension joint剪裂隙 shear joint卸荷裂隙 relief crack裂隙率 fracture porosity结构类型 structural pattern岩体结构 rock mass structure岩块 block mass结构体 structural element块度 blockness结构面 structural plane软弱结构面 weak plane临空面 free face碎裂结构 cataclastic texture板状结构 platy structure薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive

18、层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick-laminated薄层状的 finely laminated软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夹泥层 clayey intercalation夹泥 inter-clay连通性 connectivity切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎 crum

19、ble胶结 cement泥化 argillization尖灭 taper-out错动 diastrophism错动层面 faulted bedding plane断续的 intermittent破碎 crumble共轭节理 conjugated joint 散状 loose透镜状的 lens-shaped a.岩石碎片 crag岩屑 cuttings, debris薄膜 membrane, film层理 stratification高角度 high dip angle缓倾角 low dip angle反倾 anti-dip互层 interbed v.Interbedding n.起伏的 unp

20、lanar波状起伏的 undulate, undulating粒径 particle size构造层 tectonosphere挤压 compression均一的 homogeneous剪切错动面 shear faulted, bedding zone切割 dissection切割的 dissected致密 close, compact构造岩 tectonite糜棱岩 mylonite断层角砾岩 fault breccia方解石脉 calcite vein碎块岩 clastic rock角砾 breccia岩粉 rock powder岩屑 debris, debry固结 consolidati

21、on定向排列 oriented spread构造应力 tectonic stress残余应力 residual stress4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions水文循环 hydrologic cycle大气圈 atmosphere水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 geosphere地表径流 surface runoff地下径流 subsurface runoff流域 valley, drainage basin流域面积 drainage area, river basin area汇水面积 catchment area地下水 ground water, sub

22、surface water地表水 surface water大气水 atmospheric water气态水 aqueous (vapour water液态水 liquid water固态水 solid water上层滞水 perched water潜水 phreatic water承压水 confined water吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive water介质 medium空隙 void孔隙水压力 pore water pressure渗透压力 osmotic pressure, seepage force扬压力 uplift pressure静水压力 hydros

23、tatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure渗透力 seepage pressure外水压力 external water pressure内水压力 internal water pressure水力联系 hydraulic interrelation水力折减系数 hydraulic reduction coefficient水头损失 water head loss渗透途径 filtration path, seepage path渗透系数 penetration coefficient潜水

24、位 water table level水位 water level, stage level水头 water head含水层 aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard滞水层 aquiclude透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge, impervious layer, impermeable layer, aquiclude潜水含水层 phreatic aquifer承压含水层 confined aquifer, artesian aquifer承压面 bearing surface潜水面 phreatic sur

25、face, water table浸润线 phreatic curve不透水边界 impervious boundary 地下分水岭 groundwater ridge粘滞性 viscosity富水性 abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching反滤层 inverted gravel filter水锈 incrustation渗滴 seep饱和 saturation, saturated潜水位变化带 zone of variable phreatic level气象因素 meteorological factor饱水带 z

26、one of saturation包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration 包气带水 aeration zone water上层滞水 perched water孔隙水 pore water裂隙水 fissure water岩溶水 karstic water结合水 bound water, combined water吸着水 hydroscopic water薄膜水 pellicular water毛细水 capillary water重力水 gravitational water凝结水 condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of gr

27、oundwater occurrence地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验 packer permeability test抽水试验 pumping test5物理力学性质物理力学 physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则 yield criteria米赛斯屈服准则 Von Mises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论 Rankings earth pressure theory剑桥模型 Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型 Duncan-chang m

28、odel本构方程 constitutive equation局部剪切破坏 local shear failure整体剪切破坏 general shear failure岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass安全系数 factor of safety埋深 embedment depth试件 coupons挠度 deflection里氏震级 Richter scale设计烈度 design intensity基本烈度 basic intensity场地烈度 site intensity地震烈度 seismic intensity, intensity scale卓

29、越周期 predominant period 持力层 sustained yield超载 surcharge围岩压力 surrounding rock stress附加压力 superimposed stress应力松弛 stress relaxation应力路迳 stress path卸荷 unload渗透率 specific permeability饱和度 degree of saturation含水量 moisture content平均粒径 mean diameter颗粒 grain, granule, particle颗粒级配 distribution of grain-size,g

30、rain composition, size distribution级配 graduation, grain-size distribution, gradation, grading粒度 coarseness grain size, granularity, lump不均匀系数 coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factor颗粒分级 gradation, size grading孔隙水 pore water孔隙比 void ratio (ration空隙率 air voids孔隙率 porosity

31、裂隙率 crackity溶隙率 karstity密度 density重度 unit weight, bulk weight浮重度 buoyant unit weight折减系数 reduction factor压力消散 dissipation of pressure抗力系数 coefficient of resistance软化系数 softening coefficient含水量 water content稠度 consistency塑限 plastic limit液限 liquid limit塑性指数 plasticity index液性指数 liquidity index流变 rheol

32、ogical蠕变 creep塑性 plastic脆性 brittleness(fragility粘性 stickness刚性 rigidity弹性的 elastic粘弹性 viso-elasticity弹塑性 elasto-plasticity压缩性 compressibility均质性 homogeneity非均质性 nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy总应力 total stress有效应力 effective stress超孔隙水压力 excess pore pressure孔隙水压力 pore water p

33、ressure抗压强度 compressive strength抗拉强度 tensile strength抗剪强度 shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght峰值抗剪强度 peak share strength长期抗剪强度 long-term shear strength残余抗剪强度 residual shear strength负摩擦力 negative skin friction, dragdown摩擦角 angle of friction内摩擦角 angle of internal friction外摩擦角 angle of externa

34、l friction内聚力 cohesion粘聚力 cohesion假凝聚力 pseudo-cohesion粘着力 adhesion摩尔圆 Mohrs circle包络线 envelope休止角 angle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest, repose angle峰值 peak模量 modulus弹性模量 modulus of elasticity，Youngs modulus, elastic modulus压缩模量 modulus of compressibility变形模量 modulus of deformation卸荷模量 unlo

35、ading modulus切线模量 tangent modulus剪切模量 shear modulus割线模量 secant modulus旁压模量 pressurmeter modulus泊松比 poissons ration固结 consolidation固结系数 coefficient of consolidation固结度 degree of consolidation超固结比 over consolidation ration应变 strain压缩比 compressibility ratio压缩系数 coefficient of compressibility压缩指数 compre

36、ssion index初始曲线 virgin curve正常固结土 normally consolidated soil欠固结土 under-consolidated soil超固结土 over-consolidated soil被动土压力 passive earth pressure主动土压力 active earth pressure静止土压力 earth pressure at rest覆盖压力 overburden pressure初始应力 initial stress地应力场 ground(geostatic stress field有效应力 effective stress动应力

37、dynamic stress动荷载 dynamic load偏心荷载 eccentric loads循环荷载 inclined loads地应力 ground stress, geostatic stress初始应力 initial stress应力场 stress field纵波 longitudinal wave液化势 liquefaction potential液化指数 liquefaction index交角 angular岩石抗力系数 coefficient of rock resistance容许承载力 allowable bearing capacity临塑压力 critical

38、 pressure接触压力 contact pressure6工程地质问题 工程地质问题 engineering geological problem 定性评价 qualitative estimate 定量评价 quantitative estimate极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method不良地质现象 unfavorable geological condition风化 weathering变形 deformation位移 displacement不均匀位移 differential movement相对位移 relative displacement沉陷 settl

39、ement山崩 avalanche, toppling崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑 creep, slide切层滑坡 insequent landslide 深层滑坡 deep slide 浅层滑坡 shallow slide顺层滑坡 consequent landslide滑动面 sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface滑动带 sliding zone滑床 slide bed滑坡体 slide(sliding mass古滑坡 fossil landslide推移式滑坡 slumping slide 牵引

40、式滑坡 retrogressive slide管涌 piping, internal erosion渗漏 leakage流砂 quicksand渗流 seepage液化 liquefaction7工程勘察 engineering investigation工程地质勘察 engineering geology investigation岩土工程勘察 geotechnical investigation工程地质条件 engineering geological condition工程地质评价 engineering geological evaluation勘测 survey岩芯采取率 core

41、recovery, core extraction岩芯获得率 RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation程序（步骤） procedure勘察阶段 investigational stage选点踏勘 reconnaissance初步设计 primary design初步规划 preliminary scheme初步勘探 preliminary prospecting初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段 feasibility stage初步设计阶段 preliminary stage施工阶段 construction sage踏勘 re

42、connaissance, inspection地质测绘 geological survey工程地质测绘 engineering geological mapping钻探 borehole operation, boring物探 geophysical exploration洞探 exploratory adits钎探 rod sounding坑探 exploring mining槽探 trenching天然建材调查 natural materials surveying (examination岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnical investigation report鉴定 iden

43、tification, appraisal鉴定书 expertise report鉴定人 identifier, surveyor校核 verification总监 chief inspector比例 proportion地形图 geographic map地貌图 geomorphological map地质图 geological map工程地质图 engineering geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section构造地质图 geological structure map第四纪地质图 quarternary

44、geological map地质详图 detail map of geology地质柱状图 geologic columnar section, geologic log钻孔柱状图 logs of bore hole纵剖面图 longitudinal section 横剖面图 cross section展示图 reveal detail map节理玫瑰图 rose of joints基岩等高线 bed rock contour层底等高线 contour of stratum bottom岩层界线 strata boundary岩面高程 elevation of bed rock surface

45、坐标 coordinate分层 bed separation地质点 geological observation point勘探点 exploratory point (spot勘探线 exploratory line勘探孔 exploration hole平洞 adit竖井 riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽 exploratory trench探井 exploratory pit钻孔 borehole, drill hole机钻孔 ordinary drill hole套钻孔 sleeve drill hole管钻孔 pipe drill hole岩芯 core岩

46、芯钻探 core drilling回转钻探（进）rotary drilling冲击钻探 churn drilling, percussion drilling钢砂钻探 shot drilling铁砂钻进 iron shot drilling跟管钻进 follow-down drilling振动钻进 vibro-boring, vibro-drilling泥浆钻探 mud flush drilling金刚石钻进 diamond drilling单动式 single acting双层 double layer空气钻探 air flush drilling钻机 drilling rig钻头 dril

47、l bit, drilling bit 螺旋钻头 auger勺钻 spoon bit冲击钻头 percussion bit, chopping bit桶式钻头 bucket auger钻杆 drill rod套管 casing岩芯管 core barrel冲洗掖 flush fluid正循环冲洗 direct circulation反循环冲洗 reverse circulation泥浆 mud, slurry泥皮 mud cake护壁 dado止水 seal, water seal扫孔 cleaning bottom of hole钻进 drilling平硐 adit竖井 shaft钻探 dr

48、illing boring8工程地质试验击实试验 compaction test压缩试验 compression test固结试验 consolidation test单轴试验 uniaxial compression test现场剪切试验 in-situ shear test单剪试验 simple shear test直剪试验 direct shear test慢剪试验 slow test单剪试验 simple shear test快剪试验 quick test三轴剪切试验 triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验 triaxial compression test动三轴试验 dy

49、namic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验 unconsolidated undrained test(quick test 固结不排水剪试验 consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test固结排水试验 consolidated drained test(slow test原位测试 in-situ test现场监测 on-site(in-site monitoring现场检测 on-site (in-site inspection观测孔 observation borehole静力触探试验 cone penetration

50、test, static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验 standard penetration test十字板剪切试验 vane shear test, vane test检层法 up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验 pressuremeter test动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验 point load test岩石试验 rock test应力解除法 stress relief method应力恢复法 stress recovery

51、 method套孔法 over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面 breast, driving face, heading face, tunnel face顶拱 vault底拱 invert洞室开挖 excavation超挖 overbreak风钻 pneumatic drill开挖断面 excavated section塌落 slump细骨料混凝土 concrete made with fine aggregate细骨料 fine aggregate, fine adjustment料场 stock ground土料 earth material矿渣 cinder, mine

52、ral water residue, scoria, slag性能 function, performance, property, nature凝结 coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格 qualified, on test, up to standard初凝 initial set初凝时间 initial setting time终凝 final set配合比 mix proportion塌落度 slump水化热 heat of hydration, hydration heat, setting heat水灰比 water-ceme

53、nt ratio粉煤灰 fly ash梅花状 quincuncial pattern喷射 shotcrete浇注 pouring钢筋网 coiremesh加固 reinforce锚杆 anchored bar, rock bolt锚索 anchored cable锚紧端 anchor station锚桩 anchored peg采石场 rock quarry开挖 excavation清基 cleanup foundation明挖 open-cut爆破 explosion光面爆破 smooth blasting预裂法 presplitting10 水工概论坝址 toe of dam坝踵 heel

54、坝段 monolith坝顶 crest坝肩 shoulders左坝肩 left dam abutment副坝 saddle dam三坝址 the third dam site标高 height mark上游水位 headwater正常库水位 normal reservoir level地下洞室 underground opening (tunnel压力隧洞 pressure tunnel无压隧洞 gravity tunnel交通洞 access tunnel灌浆洞 grouting tunnel明流洞 free-flow tunnel孔板洞 orifice tunnel排砂洞 sediment tunnel尾水洞 tailrace tunnel排水洞 drainage tunnel导流洞 diversion tunnel隧道 tunnel围岩 surrounding rock, ambient rock围岩应力 secondary s