《计算机网络》中英词汇对照表

1、计算机网络中英文对照表Chapter 11.1Internet :因特网Computer network :计算机网络Host: 主机End system: 终端系统Packet switching: 分组交换Route: 路径Internet service provider (ISP: 因特网服务提供商Protocol: 协议Transmission Control Protocol (TCP:传输控制协议1.2Client: 客户端Server: 服务器Peer: 对等机Reliable data transfer: 可靠数据传输Flow control: 流量控制Congestion-

2、control: 拥塞控制User Datagram Protocol (UDP: 用户数据报协议1.3Circuit switching: 电路交换 /线路交换Packet switching: 分组交换Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM: 频分多路复用Time-division multiplexing (TDM: 时分多路复用Bandwidth: 带宽Time slot: 时隙Frame: 帧Message: 报文 :Packet: 分组Store-and-forward: 存储转发Datagram network: 数据报网络Virtual-cir

3、cuit network: 虚电路网络1.4Router: 路由器Modem: 调制解调器Local area network (LAN: 局域网Ethernet: 以太网Wireless LAN: 无线局域网Guided media: 导向型介质Unguided media: 非导向型介质Twisted-pair copper wire: 双绞线Unshielded twisted pair(UTP: 非屏蔽双绞线Coaxial cable: 同轴电缆Fiber optics: 光线 /光缆1.6Nodal processing delay: 结点处理延迟Queuing delay: 排队延

4、迟Transmission delay: 发送延迟Propagation delay: 传播延迟Traffic intensity: 流通强度End-to-end delay: 端到端延迟1.7Layer: 层次Protocol stack: 协议栈Application layer: 应用层Transport layer: 传输层Network layer: 网络层Link layer: 链路层Physical layer: 物理层Encapsulation: 封装Message: 报文Segment: 报文段Datagram: 数据报Frame: 帧Chapter 22.1Client-s

5、erver architecture: 客户端-服务器体系结构; C/S结构 P2P architecture: 对等结构Processes: 进程Socket: 套接字Application programming interface (API: 应用程序编程接口 IP address: IP地址Prot number: 端口号Syntax: 语法Semantics: 语义Full-duplex: 全双工Handshaking: 握手Real-time application: 实时应用2.2The World Wide Web: 万维网HyperText Transfer Protocol

6、 (HTTP: 超文本传输协议Web page: 网页Object: 对象HyperText Markup Language (HTML: 超文本标记语言URL :统一资源定位符Browser: 浏览器Persistent connection: 持久连接Non-persistent connection: 非持久连接Round-trip time (RTT: 往返时间Without pipelining: 非流水线方式With pipelining: 流水线方式Web cache: web 缓存Proxy server: 代理服务器2.3File Transfer Protocol (FTP

7、: 文件传输协议Control connection: 控制连接Data connection: 数据连接Out-of-band: 带外In-band: 带内2.4Electronic Mail: 电子邮件User agent: 用户代理Mail server: 邮件服务器Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP: 简单邮件传输协议Mailbox: 邮箱Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME: 多用途因特网邮件扩展协议 Post Office Protocol (POP: 邮局协议Internet Mail Acce

8、ss Protocol (IMAP: Internet 邮件访问协议2.5Domain Name System (DNS: 域名系统Hostname: 主机名Host aliasing: 主机别名Mail server aliasing: 邮件服务器别名Load distribution: 负载分配Root DNS server: 根 DNS 服务器Top-Level Domain (TLD servers: 顶级域 DNS 服务器Authoritative DNS servers: 授权 DNS 服务器;权威 DNS 服务器Local DNS server: 本地 DNS 服务器Databa

9、se: 数据库Chapter 33.1Logical communication: 逻辑通讯3.2Multiplexing: 多路复用Demultiplexing: 多路分解Well-known port number: 众所周知的端口号3.3UDP segment: UDP报文段Checksum: 校验和;检查和Wrapped around: 回卷3.4Channel: 通道;信道Positive acknowledgement : 肯定应答Negative acknowledgement: 否定应答ARQ (automatic repeat request : 自动重传请求 Feedbac

10、k: 反馈Retransmission: 重传Stop-and-wait protocol: 停止-等待协议 Duplicate packets: 冗余分组Sequence number: 顺序号Timer: 定时器Alternating-bit protocol: 比特交替协议 Utilization: 利用率Go-back-N (GBN: 回退 N 步Window size: 窗口大小Sliding-window protocol: 滑动窗口协议 Cumulative acknowledgement: 累积确认Timeout: 超时Selective Repeat (SR: 选择重传3.5

11、Connection-oriented: 面向连接Point-to-point: 点到点Three-way handshake: 三次握手Maximum segment size (MSS: 最大报文段大小 Maximum transmission unit (MTU: 最大传输单元 Piggybacked: 捎带Sample RTT: 样本 RTTFast retransmit: 快速重传Selective acknowledgement: 选择确认Flow-control: 流量控制Receive window: 接收窗口3.7Congestion control: 拥塞窗口Self-cl

12、ocking: 自定时的Additive-increase, multiplicative-decrease: 加性增,乘性减 Slow star: 慢启动Congestion avoidance: 拥塞避免Threshold: 阈值Fast recovery: 快速恢复Bottleneck: 瓶颈Latency: 延迟Chapter 44.1Forwarding: 转发Routing: 路由Routing algorithm: 路由算法Forwarding table: 转发表Router: 路由器Jitter: 抖动Best-effort service: 尽力而为的服务4.2Virtua

13、l-circuit (VC network: 虚电路网络Datagram network: 数据报网络Prefix: 前缀Longest prefix matching rule: 最长前缀匹配规则4.3Input port: 输入端口Switching fabric: 交换结构Routing processor: 路由处理器Crossbar: 交叉结构4.4Time-to-live (TTL :生存时间Fragmentation: 分片;片段Dotted-decimal notation: 点分十进制表示法Subnet: 子网Subnet mask: 子网掩码Classless Interd

14、omain Routing (CIDR: 无类别域际路由选择 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol（DHCP） ：动态主机配置协议 Plug-and-play: 即插即用 Network address translation (NAT: 网络地址转换 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP: 因特网控制报文协议 Dual-stack: 双栈 Tunneling: 隧道 4.5 Default router: 默认路由器 Graph: 图 A global routing algorithm : 全局路由算法 A dec

15、entralized routing algorithm : 分布式路由算法 Static routing algorithm: 静态路由算法 Dynamic routing algorithm : 动态路由算法 Link-State (LS: 链路状态 Distance-Vector(DV: 距离向量 Routing table: 路由表 Autonomous system (AS: 自治系统 Intra-autonomous system routing protocol: 自治系统内路由协议 Inter-AS routing protocol: 自治系统间路由协议 4.6 Interio

16、r gateway protocol: 内部网关协议 Routing Information Protocol (RIP: 路由信息协议 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF: 开放最短路径优先协议 Advertisement: 公告 Hop: 跳 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP: 边界网关协议 4.7 Broadcast: 广播 Multicast: 多播 Chapter 5 5.1 Node: 结点 Link: 链路 Frame: 帧 Medium access control (MAC: 介质访问控制 Full-duplex: 全双工 H

17、alf-duplex: 半双工 Adapter: 适配器 Network interface card (NIC: 网卡 Interface: 接口 5.2 Parity check: 奇偶校验 Odd: 奇数 Even: 偶数 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC: 循环冗余校验 Polynomial: 多项式 5.3 Collide: 冲突 Multiple access protocol: 多路访问协议 Channel partitioning protocol: 信道划分协议 Random access protocol: 随机访问协议 Taking-turns p

18、rotocol: 轮转协议 Code division multiple access (CDMA: 码分多址访问 Carrier sensing: 载波侦听 Collision detection: 冲突检测 Polling protocol: 轮询协议 Token-passing protocol: 令牌传递协议 Token: 令牌 Local Area Network (LAN: 局域网 Token-ring: 令牌环 Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI: 光纤分布式数据接口 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN: 城域网 5.4 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP: 地址解析协议 Dynamic Host Configuration