2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题“根据上下文语境”猜测例举(6页word版)

1、2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题词义猜测题“根据上下文语境”猜测例举此题感取i么考怎么解典例（2018 全国卷I阅读C节选） .Soon afterwards, manyof those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too becamemore settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the sprea

2、d of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused manylanguages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29. Which of the following best explains“dominant"

3、; underlined inparagraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.解析 选 C 根据选段第二句 "In recent centuries, trade .dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. ”可知，近几个世纪以来，人类社会发展的很多因 素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语和汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出 这些语言是“占主导地位的”。由此推知dominant languag

4、es意为：占主导地位的语言。故选Co干扰项分析complex复杂的；advanced高级的，先进的；modern现代 的。这三项不能说明这几种语言占主导地位的根本原因。增分技巧利用上下文语境猜词义在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和其他单词 有着紧密的联系（如定义、重述、举例、近义词和反义词等），通过这些联系可以 猜测出单词的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说 一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先作具体的阐述，然后再进行 归纳、总结。如果读者能抓住作者的思路就能从那些具体说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词的线索来。做词义猜测题，要学

5、会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，即利用上下文提供的 情景和线索，结合我们的生活常识和社会经验进行符合逻辑的综合分析， 并依此 来推测词义，切忌脱离上下文盲目猜测。刷题集"以准度提速度训练目标（一）对点练攻克失分短板A（2018 全国卷田阅读D节选）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that

6、I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. .32. What do the words “more is more" in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.解析：选A根据选段第三句可知，作者不认同前面的 more is more这种 观点；再根据第一句可知，成

7、人能够理解到处堆满物品是什么感受， 可是当涉及 孩子和他们的物品时，为什么我们总是认为（孩子）拥有的东西越多越好呢？ more is more 是相对于 enough is enough 而言的，故选 A项。B（2018 浙江高考阅读B节选）Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checko

8、uts （收窄艮台）.The bags areprohibited in some90 cities in California , including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. .25. What does the word “headwinds" in p

9、aragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.解析：选A根据画线单词所在句“看到这种逆风，塑料袋制造商雇用 了一些像Stein 一样的科学家来说明他们的产品并没有像大多数人认为的那样 对地球有害”，冉联系上一句 “ The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in . ”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。C（2016 全国卷I

10、阅读C节选）I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I ' ve done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells （干细胞）in mylittle box because I ' ve got two ice packs and that ' s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are

11、 harvested from a donor （ 捐献者）to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we ' ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. .29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier ” in Paragraph 1?A. providerB. delivery manC. collectorD. medical doctor解析：选B 根据画线单

12、词后的“I' ve done 89 trips . to carry stem cells （干细胞）”以及“from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor （ 捐献者）to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours .”可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人，运送有严格的时间限制，故B项“送货员”与之相符合。D（2016 北京高考阅读D节选）.For previous generations, college was a deci

13、sive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far

14、 as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. .68. The underlined word“passage" in

15、Paragraph 2 means A. changeB. choiceC. textD. extension解析：选A此题考查passage的熟词新义。根据画线部分后面的内容“ from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility” 可知，此处指从受到家庭的庇护到拥有自主性和担负起成年人的责任，这是大学阶段的一种“转变”。高考真题链接Krubera Cave in the western Caucasus Mountains is the deepest known cave in the world. An

16、international team prepared to descend into Krubera. The team members hoped to be the first cavers to reach a depth of 2,000 meters, brought five tons of equipment and other necessities with them, and established camps at key locations along the route. They worked for up to 20 hours each day.In the

17、third week, progress was blocked at 1,775 meters by a sumpa cave passage f川edwith water that gives cavers few options. There arebasically three techniques available: dive through it, empty it, or go around it. Gennadiy Samokhin dove to the bottom but wasdisappointed. "No chance to get through J

18、 he said. Searching for a way around the sump, GarciaDilsriskedentering a waterfall of near freezing wateranddiscovered that his dry suit had holes in it.“The water was so cold thatI lostthefeelingin my fingers , “he said later. He, too,wasunsuccessful.Finally, two teammates found a way around the s

19、ump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream. The team was exhilarated. The passage led to yet another sump at 1,840 meters. After a short test dive, Samokhin emerged, smiling. There was a promising passage, he reported. But it would have to wait. After nearly four weeks, with suppli

20、es running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.Four weeks later, a team of nine Ukrainian cavers led by Yuri Kasjan went back to Krubera. Following the path opened by the previous team, they reached the sumpat 1,840 meters relatively quickly. After muchsearching

21、, a pit （ 坑），later named the Millennium Pit, was discovered that allowed them to pass the 2,000 meter depth. More pits and passages led them to 2,080 meters, a spot they named Game Over. But the caving game is never over. Deeper caves will probably continue to be discovered and call out to be explor

22、ed.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了探洞穴者对世界上目前已知的最 深的洞穴一一库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程。13. Why did the team return to the surface after nearly four weeks?A. They were lacking in supplies.B. They had achieved their goal.C. They couldn ' t go through the sump.D. They gave their task to Yuri Kasjan ' s team.解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第

23、三段中的“ After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface. ”可知，因为物资逐渐短缺，探洞穴者被迫返回地面。 14. What does the underlined word“exhilarated " probably mean?A. Cheerful.B. Powerful.C. Confused.D. Exhausted.解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“ two teammates found a way around the sumpthrough a tight passag