专业英语复习提纲

1、专业英语复习提纲一、术语：（1）Basic Concepts in Mechanics力学基本概念P11.mechanics力学/statics静力学/dynamics动力学2.force力/matter物质/mass数量/inertia惯性/weight重力/particle支点3.rigid body刚体/deformable body变形体/elastic body弹性体4.member零件/gear齿轮/shaft轴/pulley皮带轮/belt带/cam凸轮/follower从动件/journal bearing滑动轴承5. mating surface配合；啮合表面/oil fil

2、m油膜/metal-to-metalcontact直接接触/overheating过热/failure失效6.elastic弹性/plastic塑性/deformation变形7.interacting force相互作用力/magnitude大小/sense方向/scalar标量/Vector矢量/displacement位移/velocity速度/acceleration加速度/moment力矩/momentum动量（2）Simple Stress and Strain简单的应力与应变P51.static load静载荷 2. sustained load持续载荷3. impact loa

3、d冲击载荷4. repeated load重复载荷5.fatigue load疲劳载荷/alternating load交变载荷6.vibration震动/damping force阻尼力7.axial load轴向载荷8. Stress应力/tensile stress拉伸应力/compressive stress压缩应力9. Tension拉伸/compression压缩10.strain应变/microstrain微应变11.cross-section横截面12.engineering materials工程材料13. elastic limit弹性极限14. modulus of el

4、asticity/elastic modulus弹性模量（4）Overview of Engineering Mechanics机械工程的基本概况P121.functional requirement功能的需求2.durability耐用性/safety安全性/lifetime寿命/cost成本3.fastening/fastener紧固件4.fail/failure失效5.operating condition加工条件6.ideally理想的/idealize使理想/idealization理想7.strength of materials材料力学8.static静止的；静态的/dynami

5、c force动力？9.approximate/approximation接近（6）Shaft Design轴的设计P191.shear force剪力图/bending moment diagram弯矩图2.safe stress安全应力？3.heat treatment热处理/quench淬火4.deflection偏转；变形；偏转角/torsional deflection扭转角5.machinery shaft机床主轴/transmission shaft传动轴/crankshaft曲轴6.vibration振动/torsional vibration扭转振动7.journal bea

6、ring径向轴承/self-aligning bearing调心轴承8.center of mass质心9.centrifugal force离心力10.deflecting force偏转力11.amplitude振幅（7）Fasteners and Springs连接件与弹簧P241.assembl装配/disassembly拆卸/subassembly组件；部件2.rivet铆接/weld焊接3.elastic deflection弹性变形4.clutch离合器5.brake制动装置6.cam凸轮/follower从动件7.impact冲击/shocck load冲击载荷8.suspen

7、sion system spring悬挂系统/bumper spring减震弹簧9.steel钢/silicon bronze硅青铜/brass黄铜/beryllium copper铜铝合金10. helical coil spring螺旋形盘簧/torsion bar扭力杆/leaf spring弹簧片？11.wire金属丝12. cold-wound？/hard-drawn冷拔的？/oil-tempered油回火/hot-rolled热轧13.corrosion resistance抗腐蚀（8）Belt Drives and Chain Drives带传动与链传动P281.electric

8、 motor电动马达2.torque扭矩3.flat平带/round圆带/V带/synchronous belt同步带/pulley滑轮4.tensile force张紧力5.slip滑6.cast iron铸铁/steel钢/stainless steel不锈钢/bronze青铜7.evenly spaced teeth等锯齿8.constant angular velocity ratio角速率9.chain链？/sprocket链/roller chain滚子链/pin销10.belt drive皮带传动/chain drive链传动/positive drive正传动（11）Rolli

9、ng Bearing滚动轴承P421.rollerbearing滚动轴承/bearing elements轴承元件/inner ring内圈/outer ring外圈/separator保持架/ball/bearing races轴承座圈2. radial bearing向心轴承/thrust bearing推力轴承/thrust ball bearing推力球轴承/tapered roller thrust bearing推力圆锥滚子轴承/deep groove ball bearing深沟球轴承3. radial load径向载荷/axial load/thrust load轴向载荷4.s

10、tiffness刚度/deflection变形5.load rating额定载荷/load capacity承载能力/static load-carrying capacity静态承载能力6.cooling arrangement冷却装置/sealing arrangement密封装置7.friction摩擦/wear磨损/frictional drag摩擦阻力8.mass production/quantity production大批量生产9.through-hardened淬透/harden淬化10.metal fatigue金属疲劳11.fit/interference fit过盈配合

11、12.housing座孔/internal clearance内部间隙13.shoulder轴肩/radius半径/chamfer倒角；圆角/stress concentration应力集中14.running quality运行质量15.rolling element滚动体/raceway轴承座圈16.lubricant润滑剂（14）Basic Concepts of Mechanisms机构的基本概念P531.link构件/rigid link刚性构件/linkage连杆机构/planarlinkage平面连杆机构/spatial linkage空间连杆机构2.kinematics运动学/

12、dynamics动力学/statics静力学3.frame机架4.degree-of-freedom自由度5.kinematic pair运动副/lower and higher pairs高副和低副6.kinematic chain运动链7.kinematic inversion机架变换8.engine block发动机缸体/crankshaft曲轴/connecting rod连杆/piston活塞/（16）Wear and Lubrication磨损和润滑P611.operating surface工作表面2.adhesive wear粘着磨损/adhesion粘着/asperity c

13、ontact轮廓峰/tangential force切向力/shear剪切/interface接触面/strain hardening加工硬化/wear particle磨粒3.abrasive wear磨料磨损/microchip细小的切屑/filing挫削/grinding磨削4.corrosive wear腐蚀磨损/electrochemical reaction电化学反应5.fatigue wear疲劳磨损/cyclic loading交变载荷/alternating load交变载荷/rolling contact/spalling剥落/pitting点蚀/forging die锻模

14、6.surface topography表面形貌7.running-in period磨合期/polishing抛光8.lubrication润滑/lubricant润滑剂9.thick-film lubrication厚模润滑/thin-film lubrication薄膜润滑/mixed lubrication混合润滑/boundary lubrication边界润滑10.fluid film流体膜/boundary film边界膜 /wedge effect楔效应/viscous fluid粘性流体/viscosity粘度（23）Lathes车床P901.lathes车床/engine

15、lathes普通车床/bench-type lathes台式车床2.bed床身/headstock主轴箱/tailstock 尾座/carriage溜板箱/leadscrew丝杠/feed rod光杠3.turning车外圆/facing车端面/boring镗孔/drilling钻孔/reaming铰孔4.setup安装？5.operation操作6.machine tool机床7.bed/backbone支撑主要部分/well-normalized gray cast iron充分正火的灰铸铁/aged gray cast iron时效处理的灰铸铁/nodular cast iron有小圆块

16、的灰铸铁/way导轨/surface hardened表面淬硬的8.workpiece工件/work9.headstock主轴箱/hollow spindle空心主轴/transmission gears变速齿轮/continuously variable speed无级变速/speed转速10.heavy bearing重型轴承/preloaded tapered roller bearing预加载的圆锥滚子轴承/bar stock棒料/feed进给11.tailstock尾座/lower casting底板/upper casting尾座体/tailstock quill尾座套筒/inne

17、r way内轨道12.size规格/swing最大回转直径/maximum distance between centers两顶尖之间的最大距离13.heavy-duty重型的14. compound rest小刀架/built-in coolant circulating system内置冷却液循环系统15.quantity production批量生产（24）Drilling operation钻孔P951.through hole通孔/blind hole盲孔2.cutting tool刀具/tool刀具/drill钻头/cutting edge刀刃/flute容屑槽/margin刃带

18、3.electric hand drill/drilling machine4.twist drill麻花钻头/core drill扩孔钻头/carbide tipped drill硬质合金钻头5.twist drill/body工作部分/neck颈部/shank柄部6.core drill/chamfer切削部分/body导向部分/flat end扁尾/neck颈部/shank柄部7.high-speed steel高速钢8. large volume production批量生产9.boring镗孔/vertical boring machine立式镗孔/jig boring machin

19、e坐标镗孔/horizontal boring machine卧式镗床10.counterboring锪沉头孔/bolt head螺栓头/nut螺母11.spot facing端面孔/casting铸件/forging锻件12.countersinking锪锥孔/conical head screw圆锥头螺钉/flathead screw平头螺钉13.reaming铰孔/reamer铰刀14.bench-type drilling machine台式钻床/upright drilling machine立式钻床/radial drill摇臂钻床/column立柱；床身15. bench-typ

20、e drilling machine台式钻床/ bench工作台/table工作台/electric motor电动机/spindle主轴/feed lever进给手柄 16.upright drilling machine /cylindrical column /base底座/sliding table滑台/axial feed motion轴向进给运动17.radial drill摇臂钻床/cantilever guide arm/drilling head主轴箱 /cylindrical coordinate system柱面坐标系统(25)Machining机加工P1011.engi

21、ne lathes普通车床/turret lathes转塔车床/automatic screw machines自动螺纹加工车床/automatic tracer lathes自动纺形车床2.tolerance公差/optimum tolerance最优公差/economical tolerance经济公差/ close tolerance最小公差3. automatic screw machine /single-spindle automatics 单轴自动加工螺纹车床/multiple-spindle automatics多种自动螺旋加工车床4.screw螺钉/threaded part

22、s带有螺纹的零件/precision parts精密零件5.surface roughness表面粗糙度6.turning车削/drilling钻孔/milling铣削/grinding磨削/finishing operation精加工7.grinder磨床/cylindrical grinder外圆磨床/centerless grinder无心磨床/internal grinder内圆磨床/surface grinder表面磨床/tool and cutter grinder工具磨床/thread grinder螺纹磨床/grinding wheel砂轮8.bore孔9.reciprocat

23、ing table往复式工作台/rotating table旋转工作台10.large(high) production runs/mass production/smaller(low) quantities11.concentricity同心度12.pitch diameter中径（26）Machine Tools机床P1071.engine lathe普通车床/bed床身/headstock主轴箱/tailstock尾座/carriage溜板箱/chuck卡盘/ spindle主轴/feed rod光杠/leadscrew丝杠/cross slide assembly横刀架/tool p

24、ost刀架/cutting tool刀具/feed rate进给速度/depth of cut切削深度2.turret lathes六角车床；转塔车床/turret转塔/turning车外圆/boring镗孔/drilling钻孔/thread cutting螺纹切削/facing车端面3.screw machines自动螺纹加工车床/boring machines镗床/milling machines铣床 /planer龙门刨床/shaper牛头刨床/broaching machines拉床/drilling machines钻床4.borer镗床/boring machine镗床5.fin

25、ished part精加工零件6.jig borer坐标镗床/jig and fixture夹具 7.knee-and-column type milling machine升降台式铣床/bed-type milling machine卧式铣床/planer type milling machine 龙门式铣床/universal dividing head万能分度头/milling cutter铣刀（28） Milling operations铣削P1161.milling machines/milling cutter/multi-edge tool多刃刀具/single-point cu

26、tter单刃刀具/rake and relief angle前角和后角/tool life刀具寿命2.turning车外圆/drilling钻孔/shaping刨削3.heavy cut强力切削4.up(conventional) milling逆铣/down(climb) milling顺铣5.rough cut粗加工6.depth of cut切削深度7.feed per tooth每齿进给量8.grind磨削/regrind刃磨9.plain milling cutter圆柱铣刀/face milling cutter端铣刀/slitting saw锯片铣刀/side and face

27、cutter三面刃铣刀/angle milling cutter角度铣刀/T-slot cutter T型槽铣刀/end mill立铣刀/cutting tooth刀齿/cutter body刀体（35）Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes特种加工工艺P1531、 nontraditional manufacturing processes 2、alloy steel合金钢 / carbide 硬质合金/diamond 金刚石/ ceramics陶瓷3、machining rate加工速度 4、taper锥度5、deburr去毛刺/burr毛刺 6、ca

28、sting铸件7、electric motor电动机8、sawing锯/ drilling钻孔/ broaching拉孔/ forming operation成型加工 9、electric arc电弧焊 10、electrochemical reaction电化学反应 11、plasma 等离子 12、magnetic field 磁场13、shock wave 冲击波14、electric spark电火花/ high-frequency sound wave and beam of electrons 高频声波电子束15、product/productivity生产率16、reject 废

29、品17、workpiece 工件18、 growth rate 增长率19、conventional process 传统加工20、removal rate 去除率21、in-process 加工过程中的22、parameter 参数23、adaptive control 自适应的24、laser gage 激光测量仪器25、inspection technique 检查技术二、翻译：1、P90.It usually is made of well-normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides a heavy ,rigid

30、frame on which all the other basic components are mounted.床身通常用充分正火或时效处理的灰铸铁或球墨铸铁制成，其他的零部件都安装在这一刚性机架上。2.P91.Essentially,it consists of a hollow spindle, mounted in accurate bearings, and a set of transmission gearssimilar to a truck transmissionthrough which the spindle can be rotated at a number of

31、 speeds.主轴箱主要由空心的主轴和一系列的变速齿轮组成，主轴安装在精密轴承上，变速齿轮类似于卡车的变速箱，使主轴获得各种不同的转速。3.P91.The size of this hole is an important dimension of a lathe because it determines the maximum size of bar stock that can be machined when the material must be fed through spindle.该孔的大小是车床的一个重要尺寸，当棒料必须通过主轴进给时，它决定了棒料的最大尺寸。4.P93.

32、It is approximately twice the distance between the line connecting the lathe centers and the nearest point on the ways.车床床面上最大加工直径大约为两顶尖的连线与导轨上最近点之间距离的两倍。5.P93.Because of the time required for changing and setting tools and for making measurements on the workpiece由于安装更换刀具以及测量工件所需要的时间太长6.P95.Drilling

33、 involves producing through or blind holes in a workpiece by forcing a tool, which rotates around its axis, against the workpiece .钻孔是利用绕自身轴线旋转的钻头在工件上加工出通孔或者盲孔的工艺。7.P95.The function of the flutes is to provide outlet passages for the chips generated during the drilling operation and also to allow lu

34、bricant and coolants to reach the cutting edges and the surface being machined.容屑槽的作用是为钻孔过程中产生的碎屑提供排出的通道，同时也使润滑油和冷却液能够到达切削刃以及加工表面。8.P95.This type of drill is characterized by greater productivity ,high machining accuracy, and superior quality of the drilled surface.这种钻头生产率高，机加工精度高，钻孔表面质量好。9.P98.Alon

35、g that column is an additional ,sliding table for fixing the workpiece which can be locked in position at any desired height.立柱上有上下滑动的工作台，用以固定工件，工作台可以锁紧在任意需要的高度。10.P101.Tolerances for the workpieces produced on the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator.在普通车床上加工的工件的公差主要取决于操作者的技能水

36、平。11. P102.Quantities play an important part in the economy of the parts machined on the automatic screw machine.批量大小决定了用自动螺纹加工车床加工零件的经济性。12. P104.For example, wherever possible the production economy of centerless grinding should be taken advantage of by proper design consideration.在可能的情况下，应该通过适当的设

37、计尽可能利用无心磨削的经济性。13.P107.The cutting operation is performed at a certain desired peripheral speed of the workpiece, feed rate, and depth of cut.车削时，工件有一定的圆周线速度，车刀有一定的进给速度和切削深度。14. P107.The movements and controls are actuated by various mechanical means (such as cams) and numerical and computer control

38、s, 多种多样的机械方法和数字与电脑控制驱动自动车床的移动和控制。15.P108.There is a large selection of milling machines (developed in the 1860s) available with numerous features. The basic types are outlined below.铣床产生于19世纪60年代，种类很多，主要种类如下：16.P108.Bed-type milling machines have the table mounted on a bed (replacing the knee) and t

39、he table can move only in 床身式铣床的工作台安装在床身上（代替升降台），工作台只能移动17.P107.These machines are simple and rigidly constructed and are used for high-quantity production. 这些铣床结构简单，刚性好，用于大批量生产。18.There are a great variety of turret lathes available for different purposes. 转塔车床有多种，用于不同的加工。19.These machines are eith

40、er horizontal or vertical ,and are available with a variety of features for boring and facing operations.镗床有卧式的，也有立式的，具有各种不同特点，用于镗孔及端面加工。20. Other types of milling machines are also available, such as the planer type for heavy work and machines for special purposes.铣床也有其它种类，例如用于加工重型工件的龙门铣床及专用铣床。21.I

41、n milling , the workpiece is fed into a rotating milling cutter , which is a multi-edge tool as shown in Fig. 28.1. 铣削如图28.1所示，工件做直线进给运动的同时，铣刀做旋转运动进行铣削加工，铣刀是多刃刀具。22. Since a few of the cutting edges are engaged with the workpiece at a time, heavy cuts can be taken without adversely affecting the too

42、l life.由于同时有几个切削刃进行切削，所以铣削属于强力切削，但不会缩短刀具寿命。23.This tends to lift the workpiece from the table.逆铣对工件有上抬作用。24.Since the hard outer scale will damage the cutter. 由于（这些零件的）外层氧化皮会损坏刀具。25. The human race has distinguished itself from all other forms of life by using tools and intelligence to create items

43、that serve to make life easier and more enjoyable.人类利用工具和智慧制造出使生活变得更方便和更舒适的物品，从而把他们自己与其他的生命形式区别开来。26.Considering the relative simplicity of the items being made and the materials that were being shaped ,stone were adequate. 由于制造的物品及加工的材料相对简单,用石器就可以了.27. The twentieth century has seen the creation of

44、 products made from the most durable and, consequently, the most difficult-to-machine materials in history.在20世纪中，已经有了一些有史以来最耐用，同时也是最难以加工的材料制造的产品。28. Is there a way to efficiently deburr passageways inside complex castings and guarantee 100% that no burrs were missed？有没有方法能有效地去除复杂铸件内部通道内的毛刺并且能百分百地保证

45、没有毛刺漏下？ 29.Is there a welding process that can eliminate the thermal damage now occurring to my product? 有没有对产品不会造成热影响的焊接工艺？30.Since the 1940s, a revolution in manufacturing has been taking place （that once again allows manufacturers to meet the demands imposed by increasingly sophisticated designs and durable, but in many cases nearly unmachinable, materials). 从20世纪40年代以来，制造业已经在进行一场变革,这次变革又一次促使制造厂家去满足日益复杂的设计方案和耐用材料所