试验统计方法习题答案PPT学习教案

1、会计学1试验统计方法习题答案试验统计方法习题答案组组 限限组中值（组中值（y）划线计数划线计数 次数（次数（）24.5 27.526227.5 30.529 730.5 33.532 2433.5 36.535 4136.5 39.538 2139.5 42.541442.5 45.54445.5 48.5471P47/2 极差=46-26=20；组数=7；组距=20/7=2.85713 100个小区水稻产量资料的次数分布表个小区水稻产量资料的次数分布表第2页/共63页05101520253035404512345678 100个小区水稻产量资料的方柱形图P47/3第3页/共63页051015

2、20253035404512345678第4页/共63页P47/4222222/(374634)/1003485/10034.85() /374634 )3485 /1003.221100 1yy nyynSn222/(2 267 291 47)/1003467/10034.67() /1212973467 /1003.331100 1yfyffyfyfSf 第5页/共63页P47/5等级差法: 假定y0=35，02222 ( 3)7 ( 2)1 435334.67100() /123( 11) /10033.331100 1fdyyinfdfdnSin 第6页/共63页P47/6BS24：金

3、皇后：金皇后：11112221111111122 184/(192119)/1020() /4014200 /101.247110 1100%1.247/20 100%6.24%RyynyynSnSCVy22222222222222226 15 11/(16 2119)/1020() /4104 200 /103.399110 1100%3.399/20 100% 16.99%RyynyynSnSCVy第7页/共63页P47/710株小麦的分蘖数为：3，6，2，5，3，3，4，3，4，3。 n=10，y3=2，y7=4，y2-1=y1=3，y21=61=5P47/802222(363)/103

4、6/103.6()(33.6)(63.6)(33.6)033624() /14236 /101.381.17110 1dyyyMMRyynSSn第8页/共63页P72/2(28)0.7(19)0.9(24)68 (24)(68)0.30.30.682(24)37 0.210852()(3)0.2105pypypyypypypyypp或()与()奇数被 整除第9页/共63页P72/3 在回交后代200株中，杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻出现的概率各为1/2，即杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻各有100株。 F1自交得F2代的分离作3:1遗传比率，即非糯稻为0.75，糯稻为0.25，这一分布属离散型随机变数的概

5、率分布二项式分布二项式分布。WxWxwxwxWxwxwxwxWxwxwxwx121220.750.75 0.250.1875ppq 第10页/共63页P72/4非糯稻：Np=20000.75=1500；糯稻：Nq=20000.25=500受害株数概率函数P(y)P(0)0.00100.00100.40P(1)0.01460.01565.84P(2)0.08790.103535.16P(3)0.26370.3672105.48P(4)0.39550.7627158.20P(5)0.23731.000094.92调查单位为5株的概率分布表(p=0.75，q=0.25，n=400)400.00( )

6、( )( )yyn ynC p qp yF ynp y0055114522353325441555050.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.250.750.25CCCCCC第11页/共63页样本平均数(成数)的抽样分布:样本总和数(次数)的抽样分布: 20.75/0.75 0.25/50.0375ppppq n25 0.753.755 0.75 0.250.9375npnpnpnpq 第12页/共63页P73/6(1.17)1(1.17)1 0.87900.1210(1.17)0.8790(1.17)0.1210(0.421.61)(1.61)(0.42)

7、0.94630.66280.2835( 1.610.42)(0.42)(1.61)0.33720.05370.2835p up up up upup up upup up u 第13页/共63页11( 1.610.42)(0.42)(1.61)0.66280.05370.6091(1.05)1 (1.05)(1.05)1 (0.8531 0.1469)0.2938(1.05)2(1.05)2 0.14690.2938(1.05)0.8531 0.14690.7062()0.051pup up up up up up up up up uuu 11.9599641.96()0.0251.9599

8、641.96p uuu第14页/共63页P73/7 N(16，4)112112(1020)( 32)0.97730.00140.9759(12)(2)0.0228(20)1(2)10.97720.0228()0.500.6745160.674514.6517.352()0.951.96161.9612.0819.922pypup yp up yp up uuuyyyp uuuyyy=-=-= -=-=-=-=-=第15页/共63页P73/8 N=5，n=2222222525(12345)/53() /5515 /52.052.01.414nNyyNNmsss=+=-=邋第16页/共63页次数（

9、）1.011.522.032.543.053.544.034.525.0152个样本平均数分布的次数分布表个样本平均数分布的次数分布表y第17页/共63页1234543210123456123456789 52个样本平均数分布的次数分布图个样本平均数分布的次数分布图第18页/共63页 平均数分布的方柱形图作正态分布。由25个平均数构成的新总体平均数与方差:222222/75/253() /25075 /251.0253/2/21.0yyyyf yff yf yffnmsmmss=-=邋邋第19页/共63页P73/9 22222/ppn pn pppqpnpq nnnpnnpq第20页/共63页

10、P73/10 结果为：0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，02222/(010)/100.5()(00.5)(10.5)(00.5)0.5100.5/0.50.5/40.2540.52.040.50.51.0ppnpnpy nyNpq nnnpqmmsmmsmms=+=-+-+-=创=第21页/共63页P97/40.01120.0512153.752.58161402.58130.325149.6753.75130.325149.675151.501.961001001.9697.06102.941.5097.06102.94yyunyyyyyunyyyyy 或或第22页/共63页P97/5否

11、定无效假设，接受备择假设。否定无效假设，接受备择假设。02222220.01,9:2.50:2.50(2.38 2.382.41)/1023.90/102.39() /2.382.382.4123.9 /100.068110 10.0680.02102.39 2.505.513.2500.02AyHHyyynSnSSntt第23页/共63页P97/6 否定否定H0接受接受H01201212121212212120.05,(5)0.05,(5):5437.605.276.504.596.504.592.218(4 1)(3 1)2.2182.2187.605.271.142.04431.142.

12、015()2.571()AeyyHHnnyySSSSSSSSSSttt 一尾概率二尾概率第24页/共63页P97/7 接受接受H01222112212012120.052461580813:0:01.9624803.746815 130.5343.74AyynynyHHuu 第25页/共63页P97/8 接受接受H0121222111222012120.05(15)222112212111263040112245:4:42.1315 40 10 4543.335 1043.3343.333.34611()()(3022)41.203.34AeyyyynySnySHHtSSSSyytS 第26页

13、/共63页P97/9 0.050.05212(29.8, 2.25)101.961.64()2.250.47431029.81.9628.8730.730.474328.8730.7329.81.6430.5830.580.4743yNnuunyyyyyyyy 一尾或第27页/共63页0.050.05212(29.8, 2.25)1001.961.64()2.250.1510029.81.9629.5130.090.1529.5130.0929.81.6430.0530.050.15yNnuunyyyyyyyy 一尾或第28页/共63页00.052:29.8:29.81.64()2.25203

14、0.10.33542030.1 29.80.890.335430.1 29.81.962.25/96/AyyHnHunyuyyuSnn 一尾接受接受H0第29页/共63页P97/10 00.05(9)2220:0:02.262(325)/1031/103.1() /16931 /100.90(1)10 (10 1)3.13.4440.90dAddHHtdddnSn ntH 否定去 雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227d3226-192125第30页/共63页否定否定H010.0520.053.1 2.262 0.901.13.12.262 0

15、.905.1ddLdtSLdtS12012120.05(18)221122222112212:0:02.10131.26.1828.15.219 6.189 5.215.695991131.228.15.695 ()1.0672.90510101.067AeyyHHtySySSSSSt 去 雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227第31页/共63页 成组数据成组数据(t=2.905)成对数据成对数据(t=3.444)，即成组数据容易犯第二类错误第二类错误。121210.051220.0512()(31.228.1)2.101 1.0670.9()

16、(31.228.1)2.101 1.0675.3yyyyLyytSLyytS10.0520.053.1 2.262 0.901.13.12.262 0.905.1ddLdtSLdtS第32页/共63页P97/11 12012120.0512:0:01.9642/2000.2127/1500.1842270.19711 0.19710.8029200 150110.1971 0.80290.0432001500.21 0.180.6980.043AppHppHppupppqSu 接受接受H0第33页/共63页令令属真实差异属真实差异12nnn0.21 0.180.031212120.21 0.1

17、81.961111()0.1971 0.8029ppppppuSp qnnnn121350nnn第34页/共63页P127/5 4组数据编 号Ti ni 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 组1 8 10 1 6 4 7 8 2 46 5.75 8 组2 9 2 11 5.50 2 组3 6 5 0 7 3 7 28 4.67 6 组4 16 8 6 11 41 10.25 4iy1266.320iTyn第35页/共63页组1组2组3组42222222122222111222222222232222233324222222444126793.82081011793.8270.20810246 /8

18、69.59211 /224.565728 /637.3316861141 /4iTeeeeTCnSSyCySSynySSynySSynySSsyn56.7569.5024.5037.33 56.75188.08eSS第36页/共63页两种计算方法结果完全相同。与总变异平方和完全相同。2222222222()8 (5.756.3)2 (5.56.3)6 (4.676.3)4 (10.256.3)82.1246112841793.882.128264tiiitiSSn yyTSSCn 82.12 188.08270.20teTSSSSSS第37页/共63页种植密度(株、667)千 粒 重 1234

19、20002472582562511012253400023824424623696424160002142272212188802208000210204200210824206测定4种密度下金皇后玉米的千粒重结果P128/6 iyiT3680230Ty第38页/共63页2222222222214 4 11514 13(1)4 (4 1)12368084640016247258210560810129648808245304456085304304TteTiteTtDFnkDFkDFk nTCnkSSyCCTSSCCnSSSSSS 第39页/共63页方 差 分 析 表25.332.524eMS

20、SEn变异来源DF SS MS F F0.05 F0.01 处 理 间35304176869.79* 3.495.95误 差1230425.33 总 变 异155608 第40页/共63页多重比较时的LSRa值计算 种植密度的差异显著性(SSR测验)结论结论：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有极显著的差异，种植密度愈高千粒重愈低。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.084.327.7610.8933.234.558.1411.4743.334.688.3911.79 处 理 平均千粒重 差异显著性 5% 1% 2000 253 a A 4000 241 b B 6

21、000 220 c C 8000 206 d D 第41页/共63页P128/7 3个稻田的农药残留量iyT=27.01213 3 2 11713 12(1)3 (3 1)6(1)3 3 (2 1)9TteeDFlmnDFlDFl mDFlm n 稻 田123水 样123123123残留量1.11.31.21.31.31.41.82.12.21.21.11.01.41.51.22.02.01.9水样Tij2.32.42.22.72.82.63.84.14.1稻田Ti6.98.112.0稻田平均1.151.352.00第42页/共63页222222222222222122227.040.5181

22、.11.31.940.543.0840.52.586.98.112.040.5642.8740.52.372.32.44.142.87242.9242.870.0543.0842TitijieijeTClmnSSyCTSSCmnTTSSnmnTSSyn.920.16第43页/共63页方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01稻 田 间22.371.19148.7*5.1410.92水 样 间60.050.0081水 样 内90.160.018总 变 异172.5810.0080.03656eMSSEmn第44页/共63页多重比较时的LSRa值计算 种植密度的差异显著性(SSR测验)结

23、论结论：水样间无显著差异；稻田间有极显著的差异，稻田3农药污染最重，稻田2次之，稻田1最轻。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.465.240.12630.191333.585.510.13070.2011处 理 平均残留量 差异显著性 5% 1% 稻 田 3 2.00 a A 稻 田 2 1.35 b B 稻 田 1 1.15 c C 第45页/共63页P128/8 5个水稻品种干物质的干物质积累量525517.4lmnT密度 样点千 粒 重TijTi甲17.88.99.211.410.547.899.29.92212.110.68.79.910.151.4乙3

24、7.48.88.97.89.842.776.47.6446.26.65.37.58.133.7丙512.610.211.411.812.158.1126.1 12.61615.215.112.312.512.968.0丁75.84.76.67.47.932.468.86.8886.46.88.17.27.936.4戊913.815.113.412.616.671.5146.9 14.691011.717.215.615.115.871.4iy第46页/共63页122222222222215 2 5 14915 14(1)5 (2 1)5(1)5 2 (5 1)40517.45354.05525

25、07.88.915.85880.62 5354.0552526.564899.276.4126.168.81TteeTitDFlmnDFlDFl mDFlm nTClmnSSyCCTSSCmn 222222122246.9105789.1860 5354.0552435.130847.851.475.45789.186055811.5040 5789.186022.31805880.62 5811.50469.1160ijieijeCTTSSnmnTSSyn第47页/共63页方差分析表14.46360.668110eMSSEmn变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01品 种 间4435.13

26、08 108.782724.37*5.1911.39样 点 间522.31804.46362.58*2.453.51样 点 内4069.11601.7279总 变 异49526.5648第48页/共63页多重比较时的LSRa值计算 5个水稻品种干物质的差异显著性(SSR测验)结论：结论：5个水稻品种间有极显著的差异。其中，戊与丙、甲与乙、乙与丁间无显著差异；戊与甲、乙、丁间达极显著水平。p SSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123453.643.743.793.835.705.966.116.182.432.502.532.563.813.984.084.13处 理 平均干

27、物质量差异显著性 5% 1% 戊丙甲乙丁14.6912.619.927.646.88a a b bc c A AB BC C C第49页/共63页P128/9 5个小麦品种的黑穗病率（%）反正弦转换2214 5 11914 13357.3(1)4 (5 1)166383.1620TteDFnkDFkTDFk nCnk ABCDABCD0.84.09.86.05.1311.5418.2414.183.81.956.279.811.247.9248.5663.290.00.766.07.00.004.8054.3315.346.03.510.384.614.18 10.7818.7266.891.

28、73.29.22.87.4910.3017.669.63Ti12.3 13.3 151.5 180.238.04 45.34 157.51 169.33T=357.3T=410.22第50页/共63页方差分析表方差分析表结论结论：品种间差异不显著。2222222220.84.02.86383.16 15132.65/(12.313.3151.5180.2 )/5 6383.16 4767.3315132.65 4767.33 10365.32TtieTtSSyCSSTn CSSSSSS变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05品 种 间34767.331589.112.45 3.24误 差1610365

29、.32647.83总 变 异1915132.65第51页/共63页方差分析表方差分析表结论结论：数据转换后,品种间差异显著。说明转换后各品种的均方得到改进，从而提高了测验的灵敏度。22222222222/410.22 /208414.025.1311.549.638414.027750.90/(38.0445.34157.51169.33 )/5 8414.022982.947750.90 2982.944767.96TtieTtCTnkSSyCSSTn CSSSSSS变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05品 种 间32982.94994.313.34*3.24误 差164767.96298.00总

30、 变 异197750.09第52页/共63页P143/1接受接受H0：差异不显著：差异不显著0220.975(9)0.025(9)22:3.6:3.60.052.7019.02(10 1)4.511.253.60.05AHHxxsxp第53页/共63页P143/26个方差同质性测验的计算 133.644134.563.515714.0628214.27457.082.658210.6328316.94467.762.829711.318841.2845.120.24690.987652.56410.240.94003.760062.0448.160.71292.8516 24282.9210.

31、903443.61362222lnlniiiiiiiiSSSS第54页/共63页2222220126126220.975(5)0.025(5)2222:,0.8312.83282.9211.788324ln24 ln11.788359.21061111111.09723(6 1) 444241(59.210643.6136)14.21521.0972AiipiipcHHxxSSSCxp 不全等0.05否定否定H0：差异显著：差异显著第55页/共63页P143/3测验下表各样本观察次数是否适合各相应的理论比率222222*22222232/3134 3 362/(3 170)1.129432/3

32、240 3 1202/(3 360)12.89261 /76 561 /1322.7348158/15240 15 138/(15 253)0.3607ccccxAanxAanxA anxAan 样本号理论比率观察次数A an3:13:11:115:113424076240 36 120 56 13170360132253第56页/共63页P144/4接受接受H0：差异不显著：差异不显著02220.05(2)22222:9:3:4:9:3:4348 115 1576205.993481151576200.04089/16 6203/16 6204/16 6200.05AiiHFHFnxaxnm

33、np分离符合的比率分离不符合的比率第57页/共63页P144/5200个稻穗粒数分布与正态分布的适合性测验个稻穗粒数分布与正态分布的适合性测验220.05(9)20054.8510.081.954716.92nySxx每每 穗穗 粒粒 数数次数次数(O)理论次数理论次数(E)组限组限(y)组中点组中点25.530.5281-24.35-2.420.00781.560.201030.535.5333-19.35-1.920.01963.920.215935.540.53810-15.35-1.420.050410.080.000640.545.54321-9.35-0.930.098419.68

34、0.087245.550.54832-4.35-0.430.157431.480.008650.555.553410.650.060.190338.060.227155.560.558385.650.560.188437.680.002760.565.5632510.651.060.143128.620.457965.570.5681615.651.550.084016.800.038170.575.573820.652.050.04048.080.000875.580.578325.652.540.01472.940.001280.585.583230.653.040.00551.110.7136yyyySp2x第58页/共63页P144/6接受接受H0：差异不显著：差异不显著02220.05(3)2222212342222:9:3:3:1: