人教版新目标八年级英语上册1-5单元知识点总结

1、新目标八年级英语上册第一单元Unit I.How often do you exercise?I.重点短语归纳：1.on weekends 在周末2. go to the movies 去看电影3. look after=take care of 照顾4. surf the internet 上网5. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式6. go skateboarding 去滑滑板7. watch TV看电视8. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康keep +形容词 表保持某种状态do some readin

2、g 阅读9. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports 锻炼10. eating habits 饮食习惯11. take more exercise 做更多 的运动12. the same as与什么相同13. once a month 一月一次14. be different from 不同15. twice a week 一周两次 .three times a week 一周三次16. make a difference to 对什么有影响Eg: As teachers, you must believe that you can make a

3、 difference to the lives of your students.身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够影响学生的一生。Eg: A false step will make a great difference to my future.错走一步对我的前程来说会产生很大影响。17. how often多久一次，询问动作发生的频率how many times多少次，用来提问做某事的次数18. although=though 虽然 不能与 but 连用Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite st

4、rong.)句子中，有although或though就不可再用 but,但可用yet或still "仍然，还"；有because 就不能再用so.19. most of the students=most students 大多数学生20. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物21. as for 至于22. activity survey 活动调查23. do homework做家庭作业24. do house work 做家务事25. eat less meat吃更少的肉26. junk food垃圾食物27. be good for

5、对什么有益28. be bad for对什么有害29. want to do sth 想做某事30. want sb to do sth想某人做某事31. try to do sth尽量做某事32. come home from school 放学回家33. of course=certainly=sure 当然34. get good grades 取得好成绩35. some advice 一些建议some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 贝U建议give advice提出建议take one' s advice采纳或听从某人的建议3

6、6. help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 =help sb with sth37. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables 许多蔬菜38. hardly= almost not 几乎不 hardly ever 很少，几乎不，从不39. keep/be in good health 保持健康40. your favorite program 你最喜欢的节目41. Animal World 动物世界42. play soccer 踢足球43. every day 每天every day 与 everyday1. every day 作状语，译为&qu

7、ot;每一天"。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天7: 10去上学。I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。2. everyday作定语，译为"日常的"。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么?44.once or twice a week 每周一两次45. three or four times a

8、 week 每周三四次46. at Green High School 在格林高中47. all students所有的学生48. most students大多数学生49. some students 一些学生50. no students 没有学生51. the result of a survey 调查结果52. the result for "watch TV"“看电视"的调查结果53. improve your English 提高你的英语54. drink milk 喝牛奶55. pretty healthy 相当健康pretty adv.相当，非常P

9、retty （用作副词时）=rather=very=quite 非常，相当56. kind of = a little 有点I think I ' m kind of unhealthy.我想我有点不健康。二.重点句子：1. How often do you exercise?你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？How often +助动词do（does或did） +主语+ do sth.?疑问词how often是问频率（多久一次）, （在这里助动词do（does或did）是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, thre

10、e times ，sometimes, often, quite, often,never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。How often do you go to the factory?Twice a week.你们多久到工厂去一次？每星期两次。“How often does he go shopping?"" He goes shopping once a month.”2. "What do you

11、 usually do on weekends? "" I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词，在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个 do则是实义动词。翻译： What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.3. "What' s your favorite program?""

12、It' s Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是“至于；关于"，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：As for him , I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见至U。As for the story , you'd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。As for myself, I

13、don ' t want to go now. 至于我自己，我现在不想去。As for the man, I know nothing about him. 至于那个人，我什么都不知道。5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事"。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me ?你想和我起去看电影吗？The teacher doesn't

14、 want us to eat hamburgers 老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语ask sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人去做某事help sb. （to） do sth.帮助某人做某事6. She says it' s good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”；其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：It's good for us to do more reading.多读书对我们有好处。Readi

15、ng in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night?8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .9. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里 pretty 相当于 very 。1.1 I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .try to do sth.表示

16、“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事"。如：You' d better try doing the experiment in another way.你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.help sb.（to） do sth.帮助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.这里better是well的比较级，而不是 good的比较级13. Is he

17、r lifestyle the same as yours or different?=Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as / be different from 14. What sports do you play ?15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy

18、16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思，less是little的比较级17. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound （听起来），look （看起来），smell（闻起来），taste （尝起来），feel （觉得），seem （好象），grow （变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。Th

19、e smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。18. I think I ' m kind of unhealthy.我想我有点不健康。kind of = a littlea kind of 一种三.知识结构.注意sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”Will you come again sometime next week?（2） some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用I will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。some time

20、s是名词词组，意为“几次,几倍”I met him some times in the street last month.上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。（4） sometimes是频度副词，意为“有时”He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends.他有时周末去滑滑板。time意为“时间”时，为不可数名词。意为“次数，倍数”时，为可数名词，What time is it?I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次数”的表达方法一次 once,两次 twice,三次或三次以上用基数词加上times：three t

21、imes、five times、one hundred times.表示“几次”的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year （3）same 与 different1.same指“相同的"，前面通常要有一个定冠词the,但是如果same前面已经有this, those等词，就不能再与the连用了。如:我们在同一个班级。We are in the same class.结构：the same as 与样 如：His mark is the same as mine.他的分数和

22、我的分数一样。2.different译为“不同的"，其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如：We are in different classes.我们在不同的班级。结构：be different from 与不同 如：This sweater is different from that one.这件毛衣与刃 B件不同。different的名词形式为difference,复数形式为differences o(4hard / hardlyhard: hard既可作形容词，也可作副词。He had a hard (adj.)time in the past.It's a hard (a

23、dj.) question. (=difficult) The boy studies very hard (adv.). He works hard.他努力工作。adj.辛苦的，困难的 adv.努力，使劲地这是一个难的问题。那男孩学习非常努力句子结构：It's hard for sb to do sth做某事对某人来说是难的。如：It's hard for him to finish the work.完成那项工作对他来说很难。注意区分：hard work困难的工作work hard努力工作hardly是频度副词，表示否定的意思。(=almost not)通常用在形容词、副词

24、和动词之前。hardly: adv.几乎不，简直不I can hardly see it.我几乎看不到它。He hardly works.他几乎不工作。It hardly rains here, does it?(5 how often / how long / how soon / how farhow often:“隔多久一次“，指动作的频率，答语常用often, never, twice a week等表示频率的副词或短语。(用于一般现在时或一般过去时)How often do you go to the movies?Once a week. / I never go to the m

25、ovies.how long: 1)"(延续)多长时间”，回答用for +时间段或since+时间点。(用于各种时态)； 2)询问物体的长度。How long is the Yellow River?How long have you learned English?I have learned it for 5 years.I have learned it since 5 years ago.how soon: “还要多久才，多久以后”，答语常用“ in +时间段”。(用于一般将来时)How soon will she come back?She' ll come bac

26、k in an hour.how far:"多远”，询问距离。Can you tell me how far it is from here to your home?How far is it from your home to our school?It' s 2 kilometers away.Unit 2 what' s the matter?一.重点短语归纳1. foot-feet 脚 复 tooth-teeth 牙齿 复2. have a cold 感冒3. have a stomachache 胃疼4. have a sore back 背疼5. hav

27、e a sore throat 喉咙疼6. have a fever 发烧7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶9. see a dentist 看牙医see a doctor 看医生10. drink lots of water 多喝水11. lots of ,a lot of, a lota lot of=lots of ,可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。There are lots of ( a lot of) books in our library.Th

28、ere is a lot of water on the grounda lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思；Thanks a lot.12. have a toothache 牙疼13. That' s a good idea 好主意14. go to bed去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉15. feel well感到好 feel ill感到不舒服I don' t feel well= I ' m not feeling well我感觉不舒服.16. start doing/ to do sth 开始做某事TO DO是一件事情完

29、成了，开始做另外一件事情DOING是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17. two days ago 两天前18. get some rest多休息，休息一会儿19. I think so我认为是这样20. be thirsty 口渴21. be hungry 饥饿22. be stressed out 紧张23. listen to music 听音乐24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式25. traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医26. need to do sth需要做某事I have a toothache. I ne

30、ed to see a dentist.我牙痛,我需要去看牙医 .We need to keep our classroom clean.我们需要保持教室的干净.27. a balance of yin and yang 阴阳平衡28. for example 例如29. too much yin太多的阴，阴气太盛too much +不可数名词太多的much too +形/副 实在太 极其，非常too many +可数名词复数 太多的30. be good for sth./ doing sth.对什么有益 ，对什么有好处be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be

31、good to 对好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅长be good(bad) for、 be good at 的相关用法1 .be good for 有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。2 .be good at 擅长于Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。=Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。be good at = do well in 如：I'm good at math

32、. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3 .be good to 卡:寸好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。31 .get good grades 取得好成绩32 .angry用法 be angry with sb生某人的气I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气33 .Chinese medicine 中药34 .be popular in + some pla

33、ce 在某地很流行Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。35.in western countries 在西方国家1.1 It' s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。It's important to do sth .做某事很重要。37 .balanced diet 平衡饮食?b?l?阿38 .get tired 感至U疲倦be/get tired39 .go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldn

34、' t go out at night.疲倦时，晚上你不该外出40 .stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health41 .at the moment 此时，此亥U = nowI' m not feeling very well at the moment42 .enjoy sth. =like sth.(名词)喜欢某物, enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, our

35、selves, itself反身代词)玩得高兴，过得愉快 =have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun43 . conversation practice 会话练习44 . host family 寄宿家庭45 . have a lot of headaches 经常疼痛I' m tired and I have a lot of headaches.我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。46 . a few +可数名词复数 少许a little +不可数名词/形/副 一点47 .He shouldn' t eat anything=

36、He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西.48 .give sb some advice 给某人建议 give advice 提出建议advice是不可数名词a piece of advice 一则建议 take one' s advice采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49 .sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时50.take medicine 吃药服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒,我不

37、得不一天吃三次药。二固定结构It' s + 形 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。It' s important to do sth .做某事很重要。It' s important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的It' s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。It' s easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的三.重点句子1 .What' s the matter ? What' s th

38、e mater with you ? 你怎么啦？=What' s the trouble with you?=What ' s wrong with you?I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache?st?m?k?e附2 .That' s too bad. You should / shouldn ' t 那太糟糕了 .你应该/不该You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doct

39、or .He shouldn ' t eat anything = He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西 .3.I' m not felling well .这里well表示身体状况，不能用 good代替I don' t feel well= I，m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.4.When did it start ? About two days ago .什么时候开始的？大约两天前1.1 hope you fell better soon .我希望你很快好起来这里better是well的比较级6 .Traditiona

40、l Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。这里to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语7 .You should eat hot yang foods, like beef.你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。8 .Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs h?b is also good for this.吃党参和黄茜等草本植物也对这有好处。9 .People who are too stressed ou

41、t and angry may have too much yang.太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词，而 too many后跟可数名词复数10.It' s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it' s important to eat a balanced diet . 有个健康的 生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。一 It' s easy to do sth .做某事容易 / It' s important to do sth .做某事重要11.You should rest f

42、or a few nights.你应该休息几个晚上12.I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I don ' t think I ' m improving.我每天晚上学到很晚，有时到凌晨2点钟，但我认为我没有提高。13believe in信任某人，强调品质，believe sb.相信某人的话I believe him, but I can ' t believe in him.他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。14 .I have a toothache ?tu? e?e? . I need to s

43、ee a dentist .need意思为don' t /doesn' t / didn ' t need (to do sth.);作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn' t(do sth.),除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化四.知识结构.情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该”。should (应当，应该)用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. You should wait a little mor

44、e.你应该再多等一会儿。-I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。-You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。(2maybe 与 may be1 .maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能"，相当于"perhaps"。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。2 .may be中的may为情态动词，译为"可能是 "。如：He may be from the

45、 USA, too.他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师(3too many,too much 与 much too3 .too many意为"太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。4 .too much意为"太多"，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。5 .much too表示"太"，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：T

46、he box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。(4 few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系：1. few / a few用来修饰可数名词，2. few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有； a few表示有肯定意思，有几个。例如:He has few friends here, he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。3.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示

47、否定意思，没有，几乎没有。a little表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如：There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？(5 notuntil直到 (否定句)才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词She didn' t leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up.=He didn ' t go shopping until /before he got up.until/till 直到(肯定句)动词为延续性

48、动词We stayed here till/until 12 o' clock.Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?一.重点短语归纳1. go camping 去野营2. go shopping 去购物3. go skateboarding 去滑滑板4. go swimming 去游泳5. go boating 去划船6. go skating 去滑冰7. go hiking (in the mountains) 去山上徒步旅行 /远足8. go climbing 去登山9. go fishing 去钓鱼10. go bike riding /

49、 cycling 骑自行车旅行11. go sightseeing 去观光12. visit my grandma/ cousins/ my friends in Hong Kong 拜访我的祖母 /堂兄弟 /香港的朋友13. spend time with friends 和朋友度过14. babysit her sister 照顾她的妹妹15. relax at home 在家休息16. go to sports camp 去运动野营17. go to the beach 去沙滩18. take a vacation 去度假19. go to Tibet for a week 去西藏一个星

50、期20. go away离开，走开It made me sad to hear you have to go away.听至U你斗£走不可，我觉得彳艮伤心、21. (for) too long 太久22. how long多长(时间)23. have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，玩得开心24. get back to school/ home 回学校 / 回家go back= come back= get back 回来 get back to +some where 回至U某地get back home/ here /there

51、回家、这、go back to school 回至 U 学校 =return to schoolgo back home 回至 U 家=return home25. stay for three weeks 呆三个星期26. take walks / take a walk 散步 take walks=have walks=go for a walk 散步27. rent videos 租录像带28. a famous French singer 一个著名的法籍歌手29. take a long vacation 度长假30. take vacations in Europe 在欧洲度假31.

52、 think about/ of 考虑/思考32. something different/ interesting/ important 一些不同的 / 有趣的 / 重要的东西I have something interesting to tell you.我有一些有趣的事要告诉你。She wants something new.她想要一些新的东西。33. spend time in the beautiful countryside 在美丽的乡村度过34. forget all the problems忘记所有的问题(烦恼)35. sleep a lot多睡觉，睡个够36. can'

53、;t wait迫不及待can' t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事She can' t wait to get home to see her parents.她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。37. a good place to go sightseeing 一个观光的好地方38. leave for Italy/ Greece/ Spain/ Europe离开/出发去意大利/希腊/西班牙/欧洲39. places to visit in China在中国参观的地方40. plan my vacation to Italy 计划去意大利度假41. the first

54、week in June 六月的第一周42. leave for 离开/出发去leave的用法1. “leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：When did you leave Shanghai?你什么时候离开上海的？2. “leave for+地点”表示"动身去某地”。例如：Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。3. "leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地"。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京？4

55、3. rent videos to sb.租碟片给某人rent videos from sb.从某人那租碟片44. make a movie 拍电影45. ask sb about sth 问某人某事46. at night =in the evening 在晚上47. What/How about+ doing> 怎么样呢？48. on Monday 在星期一49.next week 下周50.the Great Wall 长城二.固定结构1. show sb. sth.让某人看某物=show sth. to sb.把某物给某人看He showed me a postcard from

56、 Hong Kong yesterday.=He showed a postcard to me from Hong Kong yesterday.类似的结构还有：give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.把某物给某人buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物2. send sb. sth.寄给某人某物=send sth. to sb.寄某物给某人My friends sent me a letter just now.=My friends sent a letter to me just now.3. think about/ of s

57、th./ doing sth.考虑某事/考虑做某事He often thinks about going to Europe for vacation.4. decide on sth.决定某事decide to do sth.决定做某事They will decide on the case（案件）tomorrow.He decided to go sightseeing at last.5. plan to do sth.计划做某事（过去式）planned（现在分词）planningShe planned to go to Greece for vacation.vacation plans彳矍期计戈Umake plans制定计戈UWe should make plans before we do anything.在做任何事前我们应该制定好计划。6. forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 Don't forget to close the door when you leave the classroom.I forget going to Sp