2018年高考英语(全国I卷)试题

1、英语试题第1页（共 13 页）2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语注意事项：1 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在 答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的 答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 （共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小

2、题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例: How much is the shirt?A.19.15.B. 9L. 18.C. 9：15.答案是 Co1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.2. What can we say about the woma n?A. She gen erous.B. She curious.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:3

3、0.B. At 8:30.4. How does the woma n go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.5. What is the probable relati on ship betwee n the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and stude nt.绝密启用前C. Write a report.C. Shes helpful.C. At 10:30.C. By bike.C. Doctor and patie nt.英语试题第2页（共 13 页）第二节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）

4、听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6. What does the woma n regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropp ing out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the woma n in terested in study ing now?A. Ecology.B

5、. Educati on.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8. What is the man?A. A hotel man ager.B. A tour guide.C. A taxi driver.9. What is the man doing for the woma n?A. Look ing for some local foods.B. Show ing her around the seaside.C. Offeri ng in formati on about a hotel.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13. Why does the woma n

6、meet the man?A. To look at an apartme nt.B. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.C. Chemistry.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10. Where does the con versati on probably take place?C. At a restaura nt.C. Work extra hours.C. Catherine.英语试题第3页（共 13 页）14. What does the woma n like about the carpe

7、t?A. Its color.B. Its desig n.15. What does the man say about the kitche n?A. It a good size.B. It n ewly pain ted.16. What will the woma n probably do next?A. Go dow ntow n.B. Talk with her friend.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17. Who is the speaker probably talk ing to?A. Movie fans.B. News reporters.18

8、. When did the speaker take En glish classes?A. Before he left his hometow n.B. After he came to America.C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. He proud.B. He sympathetic.20. What does the speaker mai nly talk about?A. How educati on shaped his life.B. How his

9、 Ian guage skills improved.C. How he man aged his bus in ess well.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Durati on: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fan tastic way to see th

10、e world-famous cherry trees withbeautiful flowers of Washi ngton, D.C. Your guide will provide a history less on about the trees andthe famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability and thecherry blossoms -disappear!C. Its quality.C. It adequately equipped.C. Make payme

11、nt.C. College stude nts.C. He grateful.英语试题第4页（共 13 页）Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDurati on: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washi ngton,D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the Nati onal Mall as your guide shares unique fac

12、ts and history at eachstop. Guided tour in cludes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Durati on: 3 hoursMorni ng or After noon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. n ewcomers and locals looking to experieneeWashington, D.C. in a healthy way with

13、minimum effort. Kno wledgeable guides will en terta in you with the most in teresting stories about Preside nts, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线)makecycli ng betwee n the sites fun and relax ing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDurati on: 3

14、hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of explorati on in the heart of Wash ington,D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the Natio nal Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo tak ing as your guide offers unique facts and histor

15、y. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottledwater. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you n eed to book in adva nee?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washi ngto n, D.C.B. Wash ington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washi ngt on, D

16、.C.D. Washi ngton Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a n atio nal park.C. Visit well-k nown museums.D. Enjoy in teresti ng stories.23. Which of the followi ng does the bicycle tour at ni ght provide?A. City maps.B. Ca

17、meras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.英语试题第5页（共 13 页）Good Morning Britain Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cook ing up astorm in her latest role -show ing families how to prepare delicious and nu tritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food , she v

18、isits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers toptips on how to reduce food waste, while prepari ng recipes for under 氏 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britainpresenter says she s been ableput a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing

19、meals for sons, Sam, 14,Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“Wdove Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaura nt,”she expla ins.I pay onH5ffo）,aDpoMatt makes them for26p a porti on, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometime

20、s were notaware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series （系歹 U 节目）,Save Money: Good Food , follows in the footsteps of ITV Save Money: GoodHealth , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekl

21、y household expe nse, Susa nna and Matt spe nd time with a different fami ly each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in needof some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend ccelebratio n with less expe nsive but still tasty recipes

22、.24. What do we kn ow about Susa nna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrass ing her guests.C. She dislikes work ing early in the morning.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susa nna?A. He buys cook ing materials forher.C. He assists her in cook ingmatters.26. What does the author intend to doA. Summarize the previ

23、ous paragraphs.C. Add some backgro und in formatio n.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keep ing Fit by Eat ing SmartC. Maki ng Yourself a Perfect ChefB. She has started a new programme.D. She has had a tight budget for her familyD. In troduce a new topic for discussi on.B. Bala ncing

24、Our Daily DietD. Cook ing Well for LessB. He prepares food for her kids.D. He in vites guest families for her.in paragraph 4?B. Provide some advice for the readers.英语试题第6页（共 13 页）Lan guages have bee n coming and going for thousa nds of years, but in recent times there hasbeen less coming and a lot m

25、ore going. When the world was still populated by hun ter-gatherers,small, tightly kn it (联系)groups developed their own patter ns of speech independent of each other.Some Ianguage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten milli onpeople, they spoke perhaps 12,000 Ian

26、guages betwee n them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and theirIanguages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, in dustrialisatio n,the developme nt of the n ati on-state and the spread of uni versal compulsory educati o

27、n, especiallyglobalisati on and better com muni cati ons in the past few decades, all have caused many Ianguagesto disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chin ese are in creas in gly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 Ianguages. The distribution of these Iangua

28、ges is hugelyuneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few Ianguages, often spoken by manypeople, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200Ian guages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of

29、whichPapua New Guinea alone acco unts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is amere 6,000, which means that half the world s Ian guages are spoke n by fewer people tha n that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 Ianguages are close to extinction ( 消亡),with only afew elderly s

30、peakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipa n Apache in the Un ited States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one,with a questi on-mark): none of these seems to have much cha nee of survival.28. What can we infer about Ian guages

31、 in hun ter-gatherer times?30. How many Ian guages are spoke n by less tha n 6,000 people at prese nt?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.A. They developed very fast.C. They had similar patter ns.29. Which of the follow ing best expla insA. Complex.C. Powerful.B. They were la

32、rge in nu mber.D.They were closely conn ected.dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?B.Advaneed.D. Modern.31. What is the mai n idea of the text?A. New Ian guages will be created.B. People lifestyles are reflected in Ian guages.C. Huma n developme nt results in fewer Ian guages.D. Geography determ ines

33、 Ian guage evolutio n.DWe may think we re a culture that gets rid of our worn tech no logy at the first sight of somethingshiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （ 装置） well after they goout of style. That s bad news for t-anenoinowmlents -as theseoutdated devices con

34、sume much more en ergy tha n the n ewer ones that do the same thin gs.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at theRochester In stitute of Tech no logy in New York tracked the environmen tal costs for each productthroughout its life -from when its min

35、erals are mined to when we stop using the device. This methodprovided a readout for how home en ergy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices weregrouped by gen eratio n. Desktop computers, basic mobile phon es, and box-set TVs defi ned 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP

36、3 players, smart phon es, and LCD TVs en teredhomes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn th row out our old ones. “ The living-room televisi on is replaced and gets pla nted in the kids room, and sudde nly one day, you havea TV in e

37、very room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devicesrose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We re not just keeping these old devices -wecontinue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt s team, old desktop mon itors and box TVswith cathode ray t

38、ubes are the worst devices with their en ergy consumption and contribution togreenhouse gas emissions （ 排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 win dow.So whats the solution（解决方案） ？The team data only we nt up to 2007, but the researchersalso explored what would happe n if con sumers replaced

39、old products with new electronics that servemore than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewi ng. They found that moreon-dema nd en terta inment viewi ng on tablets in stead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy con sumpti on by 44%.32. What does the author think of n

40、ew devices?A. They are en viro nmen t-frie ndly.B. They are no better tha n the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.英语试题第 7 页（共 13 页）英语试题第9页（共 13 页）s team con duct the research?A. To reduce the cost of min erals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update con

41、 sumers on new tech no logy.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV . B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV . D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electr onic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Ta

42、ke them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。Color is fun dame ntal in home desig n -someth ing you ll always have in every room. A graspof how to man age color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creati ng rooms you love

43、 to liv e in.Do you want a room that full of life? Professi on al? Or are you just look ing for a place to relax after along day?36, color is the key to making a room feel theway you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approachthis impor

44、ta nt point.37, they can get a little complex. But good n ews is thatthere re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium on es, and the large on es.38. They re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets thatmost o

45、f us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and lessexpensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant ben efit ofbeing easily cha ngeable.Medium color choices are gen erally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables

46、or bookshelves.39. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they havea more powerful effect on the feeli ng of a space.The large color decisi ons in your rooms concern the walls, ceili ngs, and floors. Whether you riooking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense p

47、ut into it are sig ni fica nt.40.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you re looking for33. Why did Babbitt英语试题第10页（共 13 页）C. If you re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we re most familiar withE. It not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it

48、pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45 分）第一节 （共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college, I was told

49、that the education department was offeringa “ free course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because,after all, who doesn42 t wa rfewodollars? More than that,Id always wan ted to lear n （tiess. And, even if I were n 43 eno ugh about free credits, n ews about

50、our 44 was appeali ng eno ugh to me. He was an intern ati onal gran dmaster, which 45 I would belearning from one of the game46.Isould hardly wait to47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this48was no game for him; he meant bus in ess. In his in troduct io

51、n, he made it49that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write apaper on how we pla n to 51 what we would lear n in class to our future professi ons and,52 , toour lives. I man aged to get an A in that 53 and lear ned lifeless ons that have serv

52、ed me well bey ond the 54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I m still putting to use wha55e me:The absolute most importa nt56 that you lear n whe n you play chess is how to makegood 57. On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what youropponent （对手）is doing and 59 the best

53、move from among all your options.” These words still ringtrue today in my 60 as a jour nalist.英语试题第11页（共 13 页）41. A. put forwardB. jumped atC. tried outD. tur ned down42. A. wasteB. earnC. saveD. pay43. A. excitedB. worriedC. movedD. tired44. A. titleB. competitorC. textbookD. in structor45. A. urge

54、dB. dema ndedC. heldD. meant46. A. fastestB. easiestC. bestD. rarest47. A. in terviewB. meetC. challe ngeD. beat48. A. chanceB. qualificati onC.honorD. job49. A. realB. perfectC. clearD. possible50. A. atte ndB. passC. skipD. observe51. A. addB. exposeC. applyD. compare52. A. even tuallyB. n aturall

55、yC. directlyD. no rmally53. A. gameB. prese ntati onC. courseD. experime nt54. A. criteri onB. classroomC. departme ntD. situati on55. A. taughtB. wroteC. questi onedD. promised56. A. factB. stepC. mannerD. skill57. A. gradesB. decisi onsC. impressi onsD. comme nts58. A. an alyzeB. describeC. rebuil

56、dD. con trol59. A. announceB. sig nalC. blockD. evaluate60. A. roleB. desireC. concernD. behavior第二节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accord ing to a review of evide nee in a medical journ al, runners live three years 61 (long) tha nnon- runn ers. You don t have to run fa

57、st or for lon2 (see) the ben efit. You may drink, smoke, beoverweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective atlen gthe ning life 65 walki ng, cycli ng or swimmi ng. Two of the authors of th

58、e review also made astudy published in 201466 showed a mere five to 10 mi nu tesa day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).英语试题第12页（共 13 页）The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise it peobably running. Toavoid knee pain, you can r

59、un on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (stre ngth) your leg muscles (肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it s always 69 (energy). Ifyou are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same ben efits as other sports, soperhaps we should all give 70 a try.第四部分写作（共两节，满分 35 分）第一节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（人），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2 .只允许修改 10