2020高考英语三模前任务型阅读专题练06(学生版)三年真题研读专练

1、三年真题研读专练三模前任务型阅读专题练06题组一Fighting the curse of presenteeism“ It s true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance?” Beyond a certeffort seems to be self-defeating. Studies suggest that, after 50 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.But that doesn t stop some manage

2、rs from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods.Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently applauded the 996” model, where employees work from 9am to 9six days a week, as a huge blessing ” . However, to modem office workers presenteeism is a curse.There will be days when yo

3、u do not have much to do, just waiting for someone else to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more important, they can see you, So you make an effort to look busy.If bosses do not like to go

4、home before their underlings( 下属 )and underlings fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at

5、judging employees performance, use time in the office as a mseuarement.But presenteeism has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of abse

6、nteeism among workers. To take one example, research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more discourag

7、ing than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?“ None of this is to say that employers are not entitled to expect workers to be in the office for a small amountof time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short)meetings. Dealing with colleaguesface-to-face develops friendship

8、s, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their common needs.With portable smartphones and laptops, we can work at home as easily as in the office. Turning an office into a prison does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office wor

9、kers as routine tasks are automatic. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.Fighting the curse of presenteeism(71)Modem office workers stay chained to their desk for long periods.Contributing factors The staff think it may give them a(n) (72)to get a pay rise, or

10、apromotion. Employees performance7is) in terms of working hours.Consequences Employees work less(74) , some pretending to be busy. More medical expenses have to be(75)by employers for theirstaff Workers have s(76)to be both physically and mentallyunhealthy. It is of no (77)to the development of crea

11、tivity.(78)of face-to-facecontact It develops friendships. It makes a useful exchange of ideas(79) . It enables workers to(80)each other s needs.ConclusionTo be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.题组二A book on etiquette(礼节)explained the proper behavior Americans shou

12、ld follow in many different social situations. But in modern society, it is not enough to simply know the proper rules for behavior in your own country. International travel for work and pleasure is becoming increasingly popular, which makes it necessary for people to understand the rules of etiquet

13、te in other cultures as well.Take, for example, the etiquette required in giving and receiving gifts. Cultural differences may appear even in such simple processes. In Western cultures, a gift can be handed over to the receiver with relatively little ceremony. When a gift is offered,the receiver typ

14、ically takes the gift while expressing his or her thanks. However, in some Asian cultures,the act of giving is an important aspect of gift-giving,and this process may appear confusing or frustrating to Westerners. In Chinese culture, a receiver will typically refuse to accept the gift at first, with

15、 the understanding between the giver and receiver that after being turned down several times, the gift will finally be accepted. In addition, to show respect for the receiver, it is customary in several Asian cultures to use two hands when offering a gift to another person.After receiving a gift, tr

16、adition may demand that the person open the gift right away or, alternatively, wait before opening the gift. In many Western cultures, etiquette requires the receiver to open the gift immediately and show appreciation for the thoughtfulness of the giver. In Asian cultures, on the other hand, the gif

17、t may be accepted with appreciation and then set aside to be opened later. The gift will then be opened in private in order not to show their greed or impatience.Another tip for cross-cultural gift-giving relates to wrapping presents, especially in choosing the color of paper used to wrap a gift. In

18、 Japan, for example, white or very bright colors are traditionally not good choices for wrapping a gift. In Japanese culture, white is the color associated with mourning and bright colors may be considered by some people to be vulgar(庸俗的).Plain white and black are also to be avoided when wrapping pr

19、esents in China, because of the relation of these colors to funerals(葬礼).Joyful colors such as red, yellow, and pink are preferred in Chinese culture. In contrast, Europeans seem to prefer softer colors for wrapping presents. A good rule of thumb for wrapping gifts, especially for business travelers

20、, is to travel with unwrapped gifts, and then wrap the gift with paper bought in the country where the gift will be given .Finally, when choosing the appropriate gift to give, a good rule to bear in minds is the following: vodka to Russians, chocolate to Belgians, or beer to Germans. It is better to

21、 travel with quality gifts from one own region or culture. These increase the chances of being appreciated in other cultures because of their unique nature.Culturally Appropriate Gift-GivingBrief IntroductionWe need to have a good command of proper (71)and domesticgift-giving rules because of the in

22、creasing (72)of internationaltravel.Western culturesAsian culturesHow to receive a gift Receivers take the gift, saying“thanks to givers. Great importance are(73)to the actof gift-giving.74)the refusals, receivers finallyaccept the Gift, which is common in China. Giving gifts with two hands is a way

23、 to show respect for the receiver.When to open a gift Traditionally, receivers open the gift without(75). Givers are appreciated for their consideration. Receivers tend to set aside the gifts and (76) them privately later to avoidappearing (77)or impatient.How to wrap a gift Softer colours are accep

24、ted bypeople in Europeancountries. Because of negative cultural meaning, white and bright colors are not good choices of the Japanese. Chinese people(78) joyful colours to white and black.A good rule of(79)a gift to giveQuality gifts from one soowor rapture are more (80)to beappreciated in other cul

25、tures because of their unique nature.题组三How to save a friendshipFriends are like stars. Even if you don t see them, you know they are there. And while a shooting star is abeautiful thing to observe, a dying friendship is one of the most painful things to experience. However, if you believe that it i

26、s worth trying to save it, then it is worth it. So if you are still moved by a friendship that has given you priceless moments and treasured memories, at least try to save it. While problems are unavoidable, if both of you see the value in saving what you have, focusing on fixing things may just be

27、effective, and your connection may even come through this test stronger than before.The moment you realize that the two of you have started growing apart, do something about it. Waiting willonly bring about an unavoidable permanency of the loss of your friendship. Be prepared to be the one who makes

28、 the first steps; your friend may be laboring under the belief that it is something you have done to harm the friendship, so you shouldn t wait around for them to solve things.As life changes around us, friendship change too. However, changes in your life don t mean thto destroy your friendship. Tal

29、king openly about the changes is important, as well as accepting that the two of you have changed but still have space, love and respect for one another in your lives. If your friend has distanced himself or herself from you because of changes in your lives, take the chance to show that while life h

30、as changed, the importance of your friendship has not.Make sure your friend has talked and listened, and both of you have looked for ways to reachcompromises(和解)on the things that have weakened your friendship and set the relationship back on track. If you mean as much to this person as they mean to

31、 you, you will have at least made some progress in the right direction through mutual(彼此的)compromises in the end.Once you have worked through the challenges facing your friendship and come to a shared solution, show your friend how much they mean to you. Start creating new memories and precious mome

32、nts that will make the unpleasant page in your common history look insignificant and never worth mentioning again.How to save a friendshipIntroduction A dying friendship makes you feel (71). Try to save the friendship that(72) you of your experiences. The connection between you and your friends will

33、 (73)the test andbecome stronger if both of you (74)your friendship and focus onrenewing it.Take (75)action On realizing your relationship with your friend is not as (76)as before,you had better do something. Don t wait for others actions but eto step forward first.Know Your differences Changes in l

34、ife don (78)，公affect friendships. Prove to your friend that your friendship is still important if your friend has kept you at a (79).Reach a compromiseMutual compromises on things that have weakened your friendship help (80)the relationship between you and your friends.Move forwardNew memories and p

35、recious moments after the challenges help to turn theunpleasant page in your common history.题组四A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.The brain reads by construct

36、ing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile （触觉的）experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page.Surveys abo

37、ut the use of e-readers suggeststhat this affects a reader s sense of control. The inability to turnback to previous pages or control the text physically, either through making written notes or bending pages, limits one s sensory experience and thus reduces lo-term memory of the text.Before the Inte

38、rnet, the brain read in a linear （线状的）fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. A 2006 study found that people read

39、 on screens in a F pattern, reading the entire top line but thscanning through the text along the left side of the page. This sort of nonlinear reading reduces comprehension and actually makes it more difficult to focus the next time you sit down with a longer piece of text.Tufts University neurosci

40、entist Maryanne Wolf worries that“the superficial way we read during the dayaffecting us when we have to read with more in-depth process ing. Individuals are increasingly finding it difficult to sit down and involve themselves deeply in a novel. As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers ha

41、ve started a “ slow reading movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty makinggit an book.Slow-reading advocates recommend at least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading away from the distractions ofmodern technology. By doing so, the brain can reengage with linear reading. The benefits of making

42、slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate.s timeptopeebpoByiboad ing hour beforeReading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep. When many of us spend our days in front ofscreens, it can be hard to signal to our body that it

43、bed, your brain enters a new zone, distinct from that enacted by reading on an e-reader.Great News for People Who Read Actual BooksReading in According to a 2014 study, readers of a jhort mystery on a Kindle had much worse精品资源战胜高考三年真题研读专练(71)helpswith comprehensionmemories of the order of events tha

44、n those who read the same story in paperback. The tactile experience of a book(72) significantly to the construction of amental representation of the text. The use of readers influences a reader (73)，to control the text physically,which limits one s sensory experience. Makin74)ne to remember thetext

45、 for a long time.(75)oftwo reading habits People read actual books in a linear fashion, using their senses to keep in mind the (76)of key information. When we read on screens, we(77)the deeper meaning of the text. People read on screens in an F pattern, making it difficult for them to readlong texts

46、.throughBenefits of slowreading The “ slow reading movement is meant to give readers a rel78)ely timeto fully appreciate a whole book. At least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading on paper makes you less (79)andincrease your concentration. Reading anold-fashioned novel helps us (80)better.题组五Australia

47、 is becoming an increasingly lonely place, so much so that one party is turning it into an election issue. Social isolation affects one in ten Australians, while one in six experience periods of emotional loneliness. As the Australian population gets older, rates of social isolation are expected to

48、increase.In Victoria, one political party thinks the problem is so severe it requires government involvement with it.Fiona Patten, the upper house MP, has proposed that Victoria introduce a minister for loneliness to work across health, infrastructure, justice and communities portfolios, and handle

49、what experts say is becoming a growing health problem.Scarce public transport options, a lack of support for people with disabilities to engage in community events and satellite suburbs that force long commutes and leave little time for socialisation have all been identified as possible structural t

50、riggers. We know that everyone is at risk of loneliness in periods of life transition,Cruwys, a psychological research fellow at Australian National University. Whether that s movibecoming a mum, retiring from the workforce, changing jobs, moving cities. If you were someone who experienced 精品资源战胜高考三

51、年真题研读专练loneliness during life transitions, that has less to do with you and much more to do with the world in which you areI _一 一”living.Kevin O Neill is 56 and divorced in his early 40s. He says the transition from living with a wife and kids tos northern suburbs arliving al one was tough. Things i

52、mproved when he moved back to Keilor in Melbourne reconnected with friends he grew up with.Avril Hannah-Jones, a Uniting Church minister, is also considering the risks associated with that transition.At themoment the time I spend alone is by choice, and is a relaxation from a very people- oriented j

53、ob, she says.Maybe in retirement, if being alone is no longer by choice, I ll feel more lonely. ”or volunteer communities.Brook says retirees can protect against the health risks of loneliness by joining one or two community groupsshe says.If youareljcenao 65 ianerest“If you re 65 and you retire and you just sort of potter around the housegroup . choir, knitting, woodworking, me