2017年职称英语理工A真题及答案_精品

1、2014年职称英语理工A真题及答案第1部分词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部 分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.A. modest B. commercial C. huge D. national2. New secretaries came and wentwith monotonous regularity.A. amazing B. depressing C. predictable D. dull3. A person s wealthis often in inverse propo

2、rtion to their happiness.A. equal B. certain C.large D. opposite4. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. started B. changed C. lasted D. moved5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A. eased B. improved C.relieved D. appeared6. The group does not advocate the use of

3、 violence.A. limit B. support C.regulate D. oppose7. She felt that she had done her good deedfor the day.A. actB. homework C. justice D. model8. Someof the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A. motionless B. silent C. seated D. true9. There was an inclination to treat

4、geography as a less importantsubject.A. point B. result C.finding D. tendency10. His stomach felthollow with fear.A. sincere B. respectful C. empty D. terrible11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. copy B. publishC.summarize D. furnish12. That uniform makes the gu

5、ards lookabsurd.A. serious B. beautiful C. impressive D. ridiculous13. The department deferred the decision for six months.A. put off B. arrived at C. abided by D. protested against14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .A. invented B. reproduced C. designed D. reported15. The coun

6、try was torn apart by strife.A. conflict B. poverty C. war D. economy第2部分阅读判断下面的短文列出了 7个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出 判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择 A;如果该句提供的信息 是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 aExperience the World in 3D GameEver wondered how your cat or dog sees theworld? Now youcan look through their eyes with the first 3D

7、 gamethatrecreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.The online simulation, created by the French3D design company Dassault Syst ges, with the guidanceof veterinary ophthalmologist （ 眼科专家）DidierSchmidt-Morand, mimics （ 模 仿）the vision of five animals - cats dogs, rats, hawk

8、s and bees - as aplayer steers them through Place Vend 测攀 in Paris.Due to differences in field of view, colourperception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically differentfrom species to species. In terms of performance, eyes are as variable asdifferent models of cars, says Schmidt-Mo

9、rand.The game was created by using existingvirtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions ofeach animals vision. Dassaults 3D software allows a scene to be modified byadding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.Although it was easy to recreate vi

10、sioninferior to thatof humans cats and dogs, forexample, have troubledistinguishing shades of red一replicating features that weare unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have moredetailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and havea wider field of view. We used virtual cameras

11、 to precisely simulatelarger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous（ 令人作呕的）,says Schmidt-Morand. So we tweaked（微调）the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking toreality.The rats view also departs from reality:because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimet

12、res away is ablur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. A ratwould never throw itself into the middle of an open area, saysSchmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map inthe top right corner to help determine the rats position: because of theirlim

13、ited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.The gameis intended as an educationalresource and players can discuss their experience with others through communityfeatures on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the teamhopes to recreate the vision of more animals.16. The game develo

14、ped by Dassault Systemesis the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species .A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Dassault s3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of visioninto account .A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. The animals viewsin the softwa

15、re are the sameas those in reality .A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. Dogs have larger viewing angles thanhumans .A. RightB. Wrong C. Notmentioned20.1 t takes the team the longest time torecreatethe rat s view because they re near-sighted .A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21.The team is working

16、 on recreating thevision of more animals .A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22.Schmidt-Morand sfavorite animal is cat .A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分概括大意与完成句子23. Paragraph 2 B24. Paragraph 3 C25. Paragraph 4 D26. Paragraph 5 FA. Rising of sea levelsB. Impact of burning fossil fuelsC. Fast fe

17、edbacksD. Slow feedbacksE. Unpredictability of feedback processesF.A prediction of future climate change27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fastin D.28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlightto reachA.29. Zeebe came up with his future climateprediction by analyzing E.30. After fossil fuels ar

18、e used up, globalwarming will continue for B.A. the exposed groundB. a very long timeC. the extra heatD. recorded historyE. previously published studiesF. rapid exaggeration of impacts第4部分，阅读理解第一篇 The Northern LightsSuntoward theThe sun is stormy and has it own kind ofweather. It is so hot and activ

19、e that even the Sun sgravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from theEarth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speedsaround a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and thestream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more

20、 activethe Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward theEarth, but don t worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compasspoint north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and southpoles. The

21、charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic fieldlines break and reconnect.The breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles ca

22、lled electrons trapped in the belts tofall into the Earth s atmosphere at the poles. As theelectrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.Each atmospheric gas glows a different color.Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and ni

23、trogen glows violet-purple.Asthese various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the NorthernLights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras（ d匕极光）is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far northlike Alaska and Canada. The movementof the aurora across the sky

24、 is usuallyslow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate（跳动），flicker（ 闪烁），or even move like waves.During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Aurorasoften seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers

25、 above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometerslong, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.Wehope you are able to travel to far-northplaces like the Arctic Circle and see the North

26、ern Lights at least once duringyour lifetime. We know you will never forget it!31. The solar wind comes into being as aresult ofA. disappearance of the Sun s gravity.B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.D. a stream of particles being blown away.32. What happen

27、s when solar wind comes to theEarth?A. A protective magnetic field is formed atthe same time.B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around theEarth.C. It destroys the protective magnetic fieldsurrounding the Earth.D. It breaks magnetic field lines and doessevere damage to the ?33. The Northern Lights ar

28、e createdwhenA. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collidewith atmospheric gases.B. the magnetic field lines fail toreconnect.C. the electrons falling to the Earth shinein different colors.D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from theatmospheric gases.34. Which of the following statements is tru

29、eof theNorthern Lights?A. Their movement is slow enough to be observedwith the eyes.B. People cannot see them unless traveling toAlaska or CanadaC. They are very close to the ground.D. They are very long and thick.35. What is the author s tone toward the Northern Lights?A. IndifferentB. SarcasticC.

30、SharpD. Appreciative第二篇 Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a GlanceBored of using a mouse?Soon youll be ableto change stuff on your computer screen and then moveit directly onto yoursmartphone or tablet（平板电脑） 一with nothing more than aglance.A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mountedeye t

31、racker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows whereyou are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object-aphoto, say - and then pressing a key, selects thatobject.It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just byglancing at the second device, as long as the two

32、are connected wirelessly.The beauty of using gaze to supportthis is that our eyes naturally focus on content that wewant to acquire,says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at LancasterUniversity, UK.Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful totransfer an interactive map or contact

33、 information from a public display toyour smartphone or for sharing photos.A button needs to be used to select theobject you are looking at otherwise you end up with the Midastouch（,电石成金）effect, whereby everything you lookat gets selected byyour gaze, says Turner. Imagine if your mouse clickedon eve

34、rything it pointed at, he says.Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says thesystem is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of usinggaze-tracking to interact. EyeDrop solves this in a slick （ 灵巧的）way by combining it with in

35、put on the touch devices we carry withus most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutchingmechanism, he says. This now allows users to seamlessly（ 无缝地）interact across devices far and close in a very naturalmanner.While current eye-trackers are rather bulky,mainstream consumer devices are

36、not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii isdeveloping gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops andtablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glassheadset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.Turner says he has also looked at how contentcan be c

37、ut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on atouchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile andUbiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.36. The eye-tracker technology enables ustoA. change our computer screen.B. focus on anything that interests us.C. get a

38、smartphone connected wirelessly.D. move an object from screen with a glance.37. Why is a button needed?A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.B. To choose as many objects as possible.C. To make EyeDrop different from others.D. To select what we want.38. The word “this ” in Paragraph 6 refers toA. applic

39、ation of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction.B. interaction between human and computer.C. combination of gaze-tracking with input ontouch devices.D. generalization of EyeDrop system.39. Which of the following statement is trueof eye-trackers for consumer devices.A. They are costly.B. They are

40、 available.C. They are installed in Google Glassheadset.D. They are expected to come out soon.40. What is Turner likely to study next?A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.B. How to present the system in public.C. How to get touch screen involved.D. How to cut and paste content from a publicdis

41、play.第三篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal（ 绝经后）womenwho walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a studyhas suggested. The report , which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the d

42、isease. TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UKexperts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being acti

43、ve isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published inCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers&Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

44、They were asked to complete questionnaires ontheir health and on how much time they were active and participating inactivities such as walking, swimming and aerobics（有氧运动）andhow muchtime they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completedthe same questionnaires at two-year intervals be

45、tween 1997 and 2009.Of thewomen,47% said walking was their only recreational acivity. Those who walkedfor at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breastcancercompared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr.Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at theAmerican Cancer Society

46、in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promotingwalking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy forincreasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women.Wewere pleased tofind that without any other recrea

47、tional activity, just walking one hour a daywas associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women： More strenuous（ 紧张的）and longer activitieslowered the risk even more.Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive ofBreast Cancer Campaign, said: This study adds furtherevidence that our lifestyle

48、 choices can play a part in influencing the risk ofbreast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-dayactivity can make a difference.”She added: We knowthat the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop itoccurring in the first place. The challenge now is

49、 how we turn thesefindings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.41. All of the following factors relating tocancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPTA. breathing exerciseB. regular walkingC. recreational activityD. lifestyle choic

50、es42. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel s studythat.A. women have fewer chances of physicalactivityB. daily walking could cut the chance of breastcancerC. leisure-time activity is not associatedwith cancer riskD. walking is not recommendedfor womenwithbreast cancer43. Dr. Alpa Patel was.A. head

51、 of the survey studyB. chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC. chair of the American Cancer SocietyD. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign44. Which of the following statements is trueaccording to the passage?A. Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.B. The study aims to track

52、the healthconditions of its subjects.C. Walking was the only recreationalacitivity for about half of the womenD. Irregular walking increased the risk ofbreast cancer in post-menopausal women45. The word “sustainable “in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toA. continuableB. affordableC. availab

53、leD. persistent第5部分，补全短文WronglyConvicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their StoryNEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition ofPicking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “ account of violence, rage, redemption（ 救赎）

54、，and, ultimately forgiveness. ”The story began in 1987, in Burlington, NorthCarolina, with the rape of a young while college student named JenniferThompson. During her ordeal, Thompsonswore to herself that she would neverforget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of herapart

55、ment and assaulted her brutally.F（46）When the police asked her ifshe could identify the assilant（ 袭击者）from a book of mugshots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identifiedthe same man in a lineup.Based on her convincing eye withnesstestimony, a 22-year-old black man named R

56、onald Cotton was sentenced to prisonfor two life terms. Cotton s lawyer appealed thedecision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to lightsuggesting that the real rapist might have been a manwho looked very likeCotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole._B（47）Jennifer Tho

57、mpsonlooked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was theone who raped her.Eleven years later, DNAevidence completelyexonerated（证 明清白）Cotton and just as unequivocally（ 明确地）convictedPoole, who confessed to the crime.E（48）“The man Iwas so sure I had never seen in mylife was

58、the manwhowasinches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away,who robbed me of my soul, she wrote. And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions wasabsolutely innocent. ”A （49） Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled“ Our memoir （回忆录）of injustice a