六级听力主题词汇

1、六级听力主题词汇一、学生生活场景1. 教育相关technicalschool技校admissionsoffice招生办公室图书馆场景writtenpermission书面同意referencedesk咨询处referencestacks书库librarycard/admissioncard借书卡dateslip/deadline/dateofexpiry期限incirculation在发行中outofcirculation停止发行2. 课程作业谈论polishone'spaper将论文润色finishingtouchesonpaper对论文进行最后的润色brochure小册子laygr

2、eatemphasisonacademicexcellence把重点放在学术成就上tieupwithstudy忙于学习brushupon温习drawupaplan作计划skiptheclass逃课causalattribution归因理论readinglist读书清单TA(teachingassistant)助教referencebook参考书seminarschedule论文安排befedupwith受够了pullone'sweight尽本分comeinhandy迟早有用readitthroughtheway按章节顺序读readabookfromcovertocover完整地读完一本

3、书keepdriftingaway一直走神holdyourinterest抓住你的兴趣takesb.outofsth.说服某人不做某事goover温习introductorypoetrycourse诗歌介绍课程fillup课程人数已满informationscience信息科学gooverone'snotes复习某人的笔记on-lineeducation网络教育poll民意测验project（学生独立钻研的）课题presentation（针对某一专题发表的）演讲classlist班级名单theEnglishspeechcontest英语演讲比赛getfrozenup僵住covereve

4、ryaspectofthetopic包括主题的每个细节lecturenotes课堂笔记fillsb.in给某人补课attendance/participation出勤率coursearrangement课程按排assessment综合评估givetolecturerformarking交给老师批改enforceattendance/participation强迫到课fixedanswer固定答案specializedcourse专业课requiredcourse必修课optional/selectivecourse选修课3. 教授评价相关makealotofsense很有道理officehou

5、r坐班时间consultant顾问belost/beallatsea/inthedark听不懂figureout/makesense/catch/followwords听懂dropoff放弃dozeoff打瞌睡punctual/prompt不迟到/不早退runovertime/late拖堂考试相关谈论getstraightAintheexam在考试中得全Agetapoorgrade得分很差passscore过分数线self-studybook自学课本creditsystem学分制reportcard成绩单poptest抽考makeout/recognizehandwriting辨认字迹fina

6、lexamination期末考试bebackedup堆积（作业）makeuptheexam补考校园生活场景runforclasspresident竞选班长highschoolexchangeprogram高校交流项目thehousingoffice住宿办公室dormitorydeposit宿舍保证金roomandboard食宿cafeteria自助餐厅orientationprogram新生训练teachingfacilities教学设施socialinvestigation社会调查register/enroll登记、报到agrant-aidedstudent领助学金的学生teachingbu

7、ilding/lecturetheatre教学楼/阶梯教室openingceremony开学典礼orientationmeeting（介绍学校综合情况的）介绍会expelsb.fromschool开除某人graduationceremony毕业典礼loanapplication贷款申请closingdate截止日期openingdate开始（申请贷款的）日期coverthetopicof?包括?的主题lightbulbs电灯泡onanaverageday平时，在平常的一天suspense悬念，疑虑accountingdepartment财务部/科二、工作生活场景工作选择场景win-winsit

8、uation双赢局面pollutantrelease污染物排放arealgoodimpressionofsb.对某人有好印象fairtreatment公平对待atthecounselingcenter在心理咨询所inasuitandtie穿着正式noobligation免费的lineofbusiness公司行业leaveagoodimpressiononsb.给某人留下好印象ajuniorsalesmanager初级销售经理bigsalary高薪regularschedulednewsprogram规律的新闻时间表grape-vinegossip比喻消息的传播途径，道听途说brainstorm

9、ing群策群力，合力攻关takeovertheposition接任职位anextensionofthedeadline延期oddjob零工joineffortstogether共同努力lookforaneedleinahaystack大海捞针Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.捷足先登copewiththedifficulty解决困难fullscopetoshowone'sability完全发挥个人能力countthedaysuntilretirement数退休前的日子immediateboss直接上司professionalexpertise专业技能furthert

10、alk进一步谈判sales/marketingmanager销售/营销经理appealtosb.适合于某人dropoffone'sresume/CV投简历help-wantedsection招工广告栏thewantadsinthenewspapers报纸上的招聘广告beequallycompetentforjob同样能够胜任工作stackofpapers成堆的文件overtime/extrahours加班onbusinesstrip出差相关工作谈论interviewspot采访现场radio-activewaste核废料apadoflinedpaper一叠写作纸acolumnistfo

11、rtheNewYorkSun纽约太阳报的专栏作家gointobusiness做生意givesb.twomoredaysoffeachmonth给某人每月多放两天假getmoreworkhours得到更多的工作时间getenoughbucks赚足够多的钱helpoutsb.atcollege帮助某人完成学业atafair在一个展会上datacollection数据收集trainingconsultancy培训咨询informationprocessing信息处理walkmilestoseeeachstand走很远看每个柜台keepontopofeverything控制全局wordprocesso

12、r文档处理器filealawsuit提起诉讼keepaclosewatchon紧盯着terrainofthemountains高山地形officialinternationalaviationlanguage官方国际飞行语言upgradetheeducationallevelofimmigrant提升移民的教育水平internationaltradefair国际展览会liveup-to-datecoverage现场最新报道launchthebiggestoffensiveagainst发动最大规模的进攻peaceprocess和平进程peacenegotiation和平谈判rebelforce

13、反抗力量poundthepositionsofgovernmentforce打击政府力量的阵地heavyfighting激烈战斗war-torncountry被战争摧毁的国家bookbinding装订woodpulp木浆governmentrevenue政府税收stimulatebusinessactivity刺激商业活动drugaddict瘾君子underwaterearthquake水下地震turbiditycurrent浑浊流sediment海洋中的沉积物exaggeratetheseriousnessofthepollution夸大污染的严重性goinforbusinessfight从

14、事商业factualtranscript事实记录makeaconcession做出让步Betterwatchyourstep.你最好谨慎小心。bringhercapabilityintofullerplay发挥她能力方面的优势spoilone'sexcitement毁掉某人的激情popoutofherchildhooddreams从她童年时的梦中找到灵感rightcandidateforthisposition该职位的合适候选人headbroker经纪人经理stockmarket股票市场dealwiththeclientsonthedailybases与底层的客户打交道handleac

15、counts处理账务twoweeksofpaidvacation两周的带薪假resignfromhisposition从某一职位辞职smalltradingcompany小型贸易公司apublicrelationsofficer公关职员staycompetitive保持竞争力televisioncommercials电视类的商业广告drawupabudget做出预算strongbusinesscompetition激烈的商业竞争lowerthecostofproduction降低生产成本switchhisworktime调换他的工作时间annualcheck-up年检cardealer汽车经纪

16、人drivingexaminer驾照考官technicalconsultant技术顾问fashionshow时装表演freelancedesigner自由设计师三、家庭生活场景makeabargainwiththelandladyovertherent与女房主就租金讨价还价landlord房东tenant住客twoguestsunderthename用这个名子登记的两个客人getadiscountfortheinconvenience为造成的不便打折anadditional15%discount15%的额外折扣cutdownontheirlivingexpenses削减他们的生活开支havea

17、napartmentforrent有房出租savethetrip缩短路程do(some)assemblyoneself自己组装bookahotel预定旅馆deposit押金enrolment登记注册asunnywindow朝阳的窗户doubleroom双人间singleroom单人间sharedkitchen公用厨房balcony阳台entrancehall门厅，大堂porch走廊shareroom共用房间sharedsocialarea公用空间painthouse粉刷房子refrigerator冰箱temperaturecontrol温度控制四、公共生活场景1.交通场景runaredligh

18、t闯红灯speeding超速makeawrongturn拐错弯fastlane快行车道ticket罚单thefourthringroad四环路turnintothelaneright右转slamonyourbrake踩刹车beheldupintraffic交通阻碍trafficlight交通信号灯gostraight直走getfuelforthecar给汽车加油makeasuddenturn急转弯thepenaltiesimposedoncarelessdrivers因粗心驾驶而被处以罚款theexactcasualtyfigures确切的伤亡人数spotaplacetoparkthecar找

19、地方泊车aparkingspace停车位crashinto撞上ranintoatree撞到树上turnsuddenly急转弯keepaneyeontheweather密切注意天气recklessdriving鲁莽驾驶non-stoptrain直达列车collidedwithagoodstrain与货运火车相撞anexpresstrain快速列车（train）bederailedwhenhitbyabomb（火车）被炸弹袭击时脱轨aircrash飞机失事adiningcar餐车subwayentrance地铁入口breakdown（汽车）抛锚flattire暴胎rushhour高峰期traffi

20、cjam堵车givesb.aride/lift顺便搭某人一程shuttlebus班车parkinglot/area,carpark停车场towaway拖走2.餐厅场景boomingyear生意兴隆的年份sparklingwine汽酒slotmachine自动售货机watchone'sweight关注某人的体重tip（afattip）小费（丰厚的小费）order点菜beondiet节食snackbar快餐小吃店take-away外卖delicious/tasty/terrific好吃horrible/awful/disgusting难吃1. 银行场景bankbook/passbook存折

21、openanaccount开户earninterest赚取利息savingsaccount储蓄存款账户check/chequeaccount支票账户depositaccount定期存款账户annualinterestrate年利率servicecharge服务费/手续费signaturecard签名卡draw/withdraw提款，取钱thebalanceofyourbankaccount账户余额traveler'scheck/cheque旅行支票extension延期payslip/envelop薪水单byinstallment分期付款applyfor/grantaloan申请/批准

22、贷款jointaccount联合账户cashier收银员teller（银行）出纳员（bank）statement对账单moneyorder汇票tightenbudget紧缩预算2. 天气场景freezetodeath冻死besensitivetoweatherchanges对天气变化敏感weatherforecast天气预报turncoldallofasudden突然变冷foggy/dense/heavyfog雾天/浓雾snowstorm暴风雪warmup转暖打电话场景phonebox电话亭holdtheline/holdon别挂电话hangup挂电话telephonebill电话费payph

23、one公用电话longdistancecall长途电话localcall市话answerthecall接电话returnthecall/callback回电话dialthewrongnumber打错电话（toll）freecall免费电话dialthenumber拨号static静电干扰putthrough接通3. 医院场景highbloodpressure高血压sneakuponsb.悄悄/不知不觉地溜到某人身上preventativemeasure防御措施Adoubleblessinghasdescendeduponsb.双喜临门epidemic流行病standtheterriblesmo

24、ke忍受浓重的烟味majorbreakthroughin?方面的主要突破beyondcure无法治愈positiveeffects积极作用twistone'sankle扭伤某人的脚踝mentalhospital精神疾病医院haveasorethroat嗓子痛giveaprescription开药方capsule胶囊takeanX-ray照X光片stayinhospital住院preventiveinjection预防针takeone'stemperature量体温takeone'sbloodpressure量血压haveatoothache牙痛throwup呕吐have

25、astuffednose鼻塞inshape（身体）处于良好状态4. 机场场景putsb.upforthenight安排某人过夜arrangeaccommodationforsb.给某人安排食宿planeticket飞机票bebacktonormal恢复正常makeareservation预订confirmareservation确认预订cancelone'sreservation取消预订one-wayticket单程票round-tripticket往返票timetable时刻表toll通行费non-stopflight直达航班firstclass头等舱businessclass商务舱

26、economyclass经济舱excesscharge超重费vacantseat空座seatarrangement/assignment定座departure/arrivaltime起飞/到达时间outermechanicalproblems外部机械故障五、娱乐休闲场景1.看电影、购物、聚会场景latestfashion最新的流行时尚shoppingmall大型购物中心downtownarea繁华商业区stickwithsth.坚持做某事talkshow脱口秀promoteanewchampagne推出一款新的香槟酒mineralwater矿泉水applaudable值得称赞的convince

27、sb.todosth.说服某人做某事badtasteinclothes衣着品味差horrormovie恐怖电影thestrangestcombination最奇怪的搭配digitalvideocameraDV机DVDplayerDVD播放机booth展位odoingsth.劝某人做某事afarewelldinner告别晚宴servesb.right（不幸事等）应由某人承受Yousaidit!你说的太对了！home-cookedmeal家常饭makesomecoffee冲/煮点咖啡getovertheshow忘记表演sportsweardepartment运动用品柜台dail

28、ybusiness日常事务roundthecorner即将到来ticketsatthedoor临近开演前的票buytheticketsonthespot在现场买票gooutofone'swaytodosth.尽力做某事outofstock脱销besoldout卖光violentcontent暴力内容stronglanguage激烈的语言putawarninglabelonalbums在唱片上贴警示标签bookingoffice/boxoffice售票处studentdiscount学生折扣exaggerate夸张betaken/occupied（座位）被占dresscircle前排座位

29、aclearancesale清仓甩卖tragedy悲剧comedy喜剧sciencefiction（movie）科幻电影actionmovie动作片lovestory/romance浪漫爱情片detectivemovie侦探推理片leadingrole主角notasexcitingasadvertised不如宣传的那样精彩2.旅游场景getscratches被抓伤getsunburnt晒伤beachresort海滨度假村straightenout清理，整顿beonvacationabroad去国外度假lessenthediscomfort减少不适cutdowntheexpensesforair

30、travel减少飞机旅行的费用East,west,home'sbest.金窝银窝，不如家里的草窝。scrimshawcarvings贝雕tent帐篷sleepingbag睡袋cookout野炊scenicresort旅游胜地beyonddescription用语言无法描述goonacanoetrip/gocanoeing漂流旅行well-beingmenu健康计划jetlag飞行时差hotelaccommodation旅馆住宿waterskiing滑水historicalevents名胜古迹streetsigns街景标志thegreatnaturalwondersoftheworld世

31、界自然奇迹resorts胜地ferry渡船rivercruise巡游六、人物评价场景lostone'stemper发脾气straightforwardness坦白outofline过分comeupwith想出（计划，答复等）；提出idlearoundallday整天闲逛havealongface生气或情绪低落putone'sfingeronsth.准确地找出或指出（某事的原因）cosmeticsurgery整容makesb.smile使某人开心getupseteasilyoverlittlethings容易在小事上生气astrangepersonality个性古怪emotion

32、alproblems情绪问题hadagreattime过得很愉快inabadmood情绪糟糕averybadtemper脾气很不好talkative健谈的，爱说话的halfadozenofwords没说几句话hittheceiling勃然大怒childabuse虐待儿童madeafussoverthisissue把某件事搞得特别糟shareone'sfeeling有同感stagefright怯场六级阅读主题词汇obesityepidemic肥胖流行precipitate使?沉淀，促成metabolicrate代谢速率ambienttemperatures周围的温度pairoff成双结对

33、athleticfootwear运动鞋Forbesmagazine福布斯杂志trackmeet田径运动会middle-distancerunner中长跑运动员trackteam田径队trackcoach田径教练runningshoe跑步鞋inanattemptto力图，试图shock-absorbent吸震的shipment装载的货物predecessor前辈，前身recruit招募hallways门厅，走廊differentiation区别，分化jobdescriptions职位描述rigidreportingsystems严格的报告系统sharedvalues共同的价值观sustainab

34、ledevelopment可持续发展perspectives观点阐释populationdensity人口密度minimaleffect极小的影响biodiversity生物多样性localised地方化的，局限的nutrient营养物industrialrevolution工业革命yields农田radicalthinking彻底的思考traditionalpractices传统的做法zeroimpact完全没有影响amoredynamicinterpretation一个更灵活的解释prosandcons赞成和反对的理由environmentalcost环境成本waterpurity水纯度c

35、arbonfootprint碳印记GreenPeace绿色和平组织radioactivewaste放射性废弃物/废料drum(s)(装液体的)大桶nuisance令人讨厌的人或事keep(it)up使照顾好并保持良好状态creep蔓延inferiorrace劣等民族，次等种族racistviews种族主义观点professionalattainment专业学识underachievement低成就fitin适应exemplary模范的followinthefootstepsofsb.步某人的后尘berelegatedto被降到segregated被隔离的bemiredin?陷入?dropout

36、rate退学率ethnicgroup族群presumption傲慢，推测campaigntrail竞选游说之行remainmarginalized被排斥，边缘化undocumentedworker无证工人would-beAmerican准美国人criminaljusticesystem刑事司法/审判体系shortprisonsentences短期徒刑capitalpunishment死刑takeaneyeforaneye以眼还眼，以牙还牙insanityplea精神失常的借口gas-poweredcar天然气动力汽车rubshoulderswithsb.与某人为伍nuclear-powered

37、vacuumcleaners核动力真空吸尘器movietrailers电影预告片visceral震撼心灵的turnonadime事情很快会有变化beverage软饮料mom-and-pop小型的weakdollar疲软的美元college-admissionswar高考“战争”elite精英，中坚分子prestige威望，名誉instructionalapproaches教学方法feedback反馈graduateschool研究生院old-boynetworks老同学关系网lightenup放松，不要生气uptoapoint不完全如此，在某种程度上imposeonsb.施加影响于某人rati

38、onalizeourpushiness不要一意孤行self-denial克己的，忘我的dimmingthelights调暗灯光afractionof一小部分family-ownedhotel家族旅馆insulation隔离（层）slash削减carbonemission碳排放metrictons公吨profitability赢利能力drain下水道，排水管politicalagenda政治议程oilman石油商prototype原型，标准，模范zero-energyhome零能耗住宅viceversa反之亦然scaledown按比例减少/缩小utilitybill公共设施账单incandesc

39、entlightbulbs白炽灯灯泡fluorescentlamps荧光灯residentialbuilding居民住宅ground-sourceheatpump地缘热泵conventionalfuel常规燃料jump-startthemarket启动市场hottubs热水浴缸steelmills轧钢厂aninterconnectedcomplex相互连通的综合设施chemicalprocess化学工艺competitiveadvantage竞争优势mileage英里数householdappliances家用电器whitegoods大型家用电器steelfurnaces炼钢炉heatexch

40、anger热交换器pricetag价签buildingcodes建筑条例/法规gas-poweredcars汽油动力车perpetualyouth青春永驻asourceofinexhaustible一种用之不竭的资源religiousprejudice宗教偏见vacuumcleaners真空吸尘器failingorgans衰竭的器官gostraight改过自新，重新长好slowtheageingprocess减缓衰老过程humangenetics人类遗传学kidney肾脏immunologicalprofile免疫学档案tissuetype（器官的）组织类型offlimits禁止入内，离谱ex

41、tendlifespan延长寿命alienlife外星生命meteorites陨石opticalandradiodetection光学与无线电探测dataprocessing数据处理astronomy天文学astrophysics天体物理学self-sufficient自给自足的catastrophes大灾难spacerace太空竞赛coloniseoffEarth在地球以外开拓殖民地runout耗尽，用光severed断裂的spinalcords脊髓nervoussystem神经系统opticnerves视神经artificialintelligence人工智能toxicwaste有毒废物d

42、ecency庄重，体面close-knitcommunities紧密结合的社区hottub热水浴盆sky-high极高round-the-clock全天候nightfeeding夜间喂养孩子corporateladder公司晋升制度paternityleave陪产假flexiblearrangement弹性工作安排data-bankspecialist数据库专家mind-sets思维定式homeoffice总部gauge计量器，量规waitingtables侍应生casualacquaintance点头之交jobtitle职称arespectfultone有礼貌的语气salesrepresen

43、tative销售代表inunfulfillingworksituation令人不称心的工作状况financiallyrewarding经济奖励meetone'sneeds满足某人的需要veterancareerconsultant经验丰富的职业顾问personalcoachingandconsulting个人辅导和咨询reassesslifeandwork重新审视生活和工作takeoverthefamilybusiness继承家业assessone'scurrentsituationandbeliefs审视某人目前的状况和观念steerawayfromacareerpath改变

44、职业道路makeacommitment承诺bestuckinsideanoffice被困在办公室里bechainedtoone'sdesk比喻“被困在办公室里”followone'sinstinct遵循某人的本能retailclothingstore服装零售店pursuetruepassion追求真正的激情biotechforestrydivision生物技术林学部self-definition自我定位selloneself推销自己potentialclient潜在客户desiredoccupation期望的职位alevelofself-honoring适当的自我优越感elim

45、inateinsecurity消除不安全感projectconfidence表现自信developavision发挥想象realestateagent地产代理商appropriaterisk适当的冒险faceobstaclesanddifficulties面对困难和挫折computer-aideddesignskill计算机辅助设计技术takeoutaloan贷款Internetbubble网络泡沫searchengine搜索引擎fortunateevent幸运的事件academicproject学术项目astudentorientation新生适应会wordofmouth口口相传的break

46、through突破tally计算websiteslink网站链接prescient有先见之明的venturecapitalist风险投资家movedoffcampustoturnintoabusiness走出校园转战商场strokeofluck幸运refrain叠句，副歌AffluentSociety小康社会classic名著dread恐惧GreatDepression大萧条givewayto给?做出让步aneconomicboom经济腾飞materialism唯物主义，物质主义betteroff状况好的，富裕的anecessaryevil无可避免之灾祸insecurity不安全，心神不定la

47、yoffs解雇，裁员physicalmisery身体上的痛苦contradictions矛盾，反驳predestine注定greatboomyears繁荣年份exportmarkets出口市场domesticmarket国内市场over-priced价格过高的sparklingwines带气泡的酒breeddiscontent引起不满undeservingrich不应该富有的人overpaidchiefexecutives过高薪酬的执行官corporatelayoff公司裁员erode减弱，侵蚀socialconflict社会冲突multiplyingwants多种需求letloose自由an

48、ti-socialconsequence反社会的结果familybreakdown家庭破碎deferentiallanguage敬语Confucian儒家conservativegendernorm保守的性别标准modesty谦逊，稳重treadsoftly谨言慎行deferential恭敬的，惯于顺从的femininebeautyandgrace女性的美丽和优雅outcry呼声defeminization男性化nationwideopinionpoll全国民意测验maturityrefinement成熟优雅growinto成长为inafashion马马虎虎，勉强analogousto类似于h

49、igh-pitchedvoice音调很高masculinization女性男性化assertivelanguagestrategy自信的语言策略lifestages生活阶段adolescent青春期的subcultural亚文化的hip（表示喝彩的感叹词）加油！好！subtraction减法apartfrom除?之外cognitivedevelopment认知发展spacetourismindustry太空旅行业InternationalSpaceStation（ISS）国际空间站blastoff起飞，飞行suborbitalvehicle亚轨道飞行器orbitalcity轨道城市onthev

50、ergeoftakingoff即将起飞（比喻太空旅游业即将盈利）selltripsintospacetoprivatecitizens将太空旅游向乘客开放openupspacetotourists向游客开放太空reusablelaunchvehicle可重复使用飞行器SpaceAccommodations太空住宿Mirspacestation和平号空间站reality-basedgameshow纪实性娱乐节目commercializespacetravel使太空游商业化SpaceIslandGroup太空岛集团commercialspaceinfrastructure商业太空基础结构space

51、-shuttlefueltank太空舱燃料箱gravitationalpull重力牵引力privatespacestation私人空间站co-fundingaspacehotel合资空间旅馆rotatingspacecity旋转太空城runningwater自来水recyclingplant可再生植物takespacewalks太空漫步rideintospace太空游exoticretreat异域休闲地middle-classfolks中产阶级的民众payload有效载重SpaceTransportationAssociation太空运输联合会weighsb.down给某人增加负担takeup

52、space占地方catastrophicloss灾难性的损失firestorm风暴性大火inapurelybiologicalsense从纯粹的生物学意义上说flightresponse逃跑反应detectdanger察觉危险elaboratemechanism精细的机制potentialthreat潜在的危险neurons神经元amygdala扁桃核retrievememory检索记忆triggeraresponse产生反应fearmechanism恐惧反应机制danger-detectionsystem危险检测系统featurefilm正片，故事片forerunner先驱，领跑者hedge

53、funds对冲基金all-powerfuldollar强大的美元currency货币superpower超级大国merrymaking狂欢者，寻欢作乐chronictradedeficit长期的贸易逆差turnonadime在极小的空间中转弯healthyworrying健康的忧虑it'salldownto全是?的责任commonsense常识plausiblealternativeexplanations貌似合理的其他解释bodymassindex体重指数，身体质量指数thermometer温度计shootup发射；迅速增长appetitesuppressant食欲抑制剂kickin

54、gthehabit戒除嗜好accountfor说明，解释meanage平均年龄firstborns长子、长女amplify扩大，增强disobedience不服从constructiveaction建设性行为belt-tighteningstrategy节俭策略indulgesomeextremeworries表现出极端的忧虑corporatecrook骗子公司overwhelminglustformoney强烈的金钱欲leathergoods皮革制品fashionhouses时装店freelancedesigner自由设计师master'sdegree硕士学位fallintoplac

55、e水落石出，了然于心ethics伦理学byandlarge总的来说businessleaderstobe未来的商业领袖blankstares茫然困惑的眼神corporatescandal公司丑闻ethicalbusinessleadership道德的商业领导才能poormotives不良动机longstanding长期存在的marinebiologists海洋生物学家disoriented不辨方向的notably格外，尤其是petition祈求，情愿commercialfishing商业捕鱼deploy展开，部署takeaheavytollonturtles造成海龟大量死亡getahandle

56、onsth.着手处理某事outlivedthedinosaurs比恐龙活得长meetone'send终结affection感情，爱tropicalrainforest热带雨林ecosystem生态系统equator赤道axis地轴Southernhemisphere南半球amplesunlight充足的阳光canopylayer树冠层moss苔藓fungi菌类（fungus的复数）robustplant茁壮的植物epiphyte附生植物orchid兰花fern蕨类植物nutrient养分buttress树基excessiverainfall过多的降雨infertile贫瘠的symbio

57、tic共生的theupperlevelsoftherainforest热带雨林的上层seeddispersal种子扩散digestivesystem消化系统excrete排泄reptile爬行动物mammal哺乳动物sonar超声波，声纳greatape大猩猩deforestation森林采伐retirementprovision退休金healthcare卫生保健linchpin关键crow得意洋洋地说recognition认同regress倒退survivalofthefittest适者生存stockholder股东selfishlyact行为自私downsize裁员outsource将产品

58、包给外公司做fromthetopdown从上到下fundraisingdinner筹款晚宴fatcat大亨freeenterprisesystem自由公司体系thebottomofsociety社会底层cuttheGordianknotoff快刀斩乱麻stemcellresearch干细胞研究privatedonation私人捐款glacial冰的humanembryo人类胚胎clonedinfant克隆婴儿stemcellline干细胞系therapeutic治疗的nerveinjure神经创伤weakstockmarket疲软的股票市场goround运转contract倒退，收缩inter

59、twine相辅相成sobering使清醒的，使冷静的spitsback吐回，回馈consolesb.with?用?安慰某人yieldhugedividends产生巨额的股息收益marketplace市场，商场inlinewith和?一致liberal-arts大学文科characterize个性化overtime假以时日modifiedmarketeconomy改进后的市场经济physicalmarket有形市场distributioncompany批发公司，分销公司labormarket劳动力市场ultimategoal最终目标setprice定价prolongedperiodofcontraction延长的经济倒退期thecourseoftheeconomy经济发展进程kickoff踢脱，淘汰，（时装周等节日）开幕over-production生产过剩snowball像滚雪球般的增长snowballingeffect雪球效应downwardspiral螺旋形下降ahighleveloffreedom很大程度的自由singleentity单一实体fiscalpolicy财政政策monetarypolicy货币政策taxcut减税unemploymentinsurance失业保险FederalReserveSystem联邦储备银行centralbankingins