(完整版)环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇必备(免费)

1、环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11 大类。环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environme

2、ntalcrisis环境保护environmentalprotection环境预测environmentalforecasting环境自净environmentalself-purification环境效应environmentaleffect环境容量environmentalcapacity环境演化 evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环 境 背 景 值 （ 本 底 值 ） environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业） environmentalproduction industry环境壁

3、垒（绿色壁垒） environmental barrier绿色革命 green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题） the thirdenvironmental problem悬浮物suspendedsolids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染globalpollution排污收费pollutioncharge可更新资源renewable resources不可更新资源 non-renewable resources自然保护区natural reserv

4、e area防护林 protection forest公害 public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial waste water矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水 domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率 rate of population全 球 环 境 监 测 系 统 global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针 Chin

5、ese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则 principle of“the three at thesame time”二嗯英公害 dioxine nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disasterin Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛 杉 矶 光 化 学 烟 雾 事 件 Los Angeles phtchemical smog epi

6、sode四日市哮喘事件 Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件 Yusho disease incident水圈 hydrosphere水循环 water circulation地面水（地表水） surface water水位 water level下渗（入渗） sinking蒸发 evaporation最高水位 highest water level冲刷 washout含水层 aquifer环境地学最低水位 lowest water level平均水位average water level警戒水位warning water level流速 flow velocity流量

7、discharge洪水期 flood season枯水期 low-water season隔水层（不透水层） aquiclude透水层 permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水（有压层间水） confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水） karst water径流 runoff flow地表径流runoff地下水 ground water流域保护water basin protection淡水 fresh water咸水 saltwater降水precipitation 沉淀降水量 amou

8、nt of precipitation降水强度 intensity of precipitation水 环 境 容 量 carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀） soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散 diffusion涡流 eddy current涡流扩散 eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水 sewage漫灌 flood irritation水底沉积物（底质或底泥） be

9、nthal deposit总固体 total solids悬浮固体 suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库 reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮（红潮） red tide海水淡化desalination of seaw

10、ater海底沉积物 sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质 water quality水资源综合利用 water resource integrated utilization水土保持 soil and water conservation河道整治 channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价 biological assessment ofwater pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区） functio

11、naldistrict of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力 soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soilpollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化） soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质） parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用lea

12、ching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量 buffer capacity盐基饱和度 base saturation percentage灌溉 irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化） soil degeneration土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉 wastewater irrigation臭氧层 ozone la

13、yer降水precipitation降水量 rainfall降水强度 precipitation intensity大 气 环 境 容 量 atmospheric environmental capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流） plume逆温 inversion环境生物学生境 habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bio

14、assay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide防腐剂preservative杀鼠剂rodenticide无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide

15、污水灌溉 sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural andhistorical heritage site储量 stock过度捕获 over-hunting; over-fishing猎（渔）期 open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮 red tide藻花 algae bloom/水花 water bloom原生污染物 primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验scree

16、ning test; range-finding test;preliminary test稀释 dilution归宿 fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生 物 降 解 biological degradation; biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism耐污

17、种tolerant species生物滤池 biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥 farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环 境 激 素

18、 endocrine disrupting chemicals;endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学 restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞 methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留 pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide

19、植物生长调节剂 growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon;PAH催化（催化作用） catalysis臭氧化 ozonization光化学氧化剂 photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate ； PAN干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric ph

20、otochemistry降水化学 precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总 悬 浮 颗 粒 物 total suspendedparticulates（TSP）飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘） airborneparticle降尘（落尘） dustfall ； falling dust气溶胶 aerosol水质 water quality盐度 salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential ；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxy

21、gen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳 total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集 aggregation絮凝 flocculation凝聚 coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取 extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平 衡模式（氧垂曲线） oxygen balancemodel吸收剂 （吸附剂）absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液 colloidal

22、 solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤 filter絮凝剂flocculant ； flocculating agent无机絮凝剂 inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂 organic polymer flocculant中和法 neutralization反渗透膜 reverse osmosis membrane硅胶 silica gel蒸汽蒸馏 steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度acc

23、uracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumenta

24、l analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原 子 吸 收 分 光 光 度 法 atomic absorption spectrophotometry原 子 吸 收 分 光 光 度 计 atomic absorption spectrophotometer原 子 荧 光 光 谱 法 atomic fluorescence spectrometry原 子 荧 光 光 谱 仪 atomic fluorescence spect

25、rometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高 效 液 相 色 谱 法 high performance liquid chromatography高 效 液 相 色 谱 仪 high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析 gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器 sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH 计 pH meter湿度计 hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of airpollutio

26、n移 动 大 气 污 染 源 mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of waterpollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of waterpollution污染负荷 pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污 染 物 总 量 控 制 total amount control of pollution水质参数 water q

27、uality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度 hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细 菌 学 污 染 指 标 bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废

28、水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard总 量 排 放 标 准 total amount of pollutiondischarge standard优先监测 priority monitoring环 境 优 先 污 染 物 environmental priority pollutant总固体 total solids可吸入微粒（可吸入尘和飘尘）inhale p

29、articles环境物理学光辐射（光 ）visible radiation红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp浊度计 turbidimeter实验室质量控制 laboratory quality conrol空白实验值 blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性（重现性）reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorptionmethod紫 外 吸 收 光 谱

30、 法 ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法 internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值 mean value标准差 standard error方差 variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差r

31、andom error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self-purification of waterbody水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体 supercr

32、itical fluid土壤采样soil pollution光污染 light pollution噪声污染noise pollution混响 reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度 absolute humidity相对湿度 relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝 condensation露点温度 dew point temperature 热辐射 thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节 air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated p

33、revention andcontrol of pollution环境功能区划 environmental function zoning稀释比 dilution ratio迁移 transfer紊流扩散 turbulent diffusion氧亏（亏氧量）oxygen deficit复氧 reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧 combustion空气燃料比air-to-fuel ratio烟气分析 analysis of flue gas煤的综

34、合利用 comprehensive utilization ofcoal气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器baghousewithshake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器baghousewithreverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器pulse-jet cleaningbaghousewith静电除尘electrostatic precipitator （ESP）高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse chargingelectrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator

35、重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器cyclone spray scrubber泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂 catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst脱硫 desulfurizat

36、ion除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降） pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回 流 式 旋 风 除 尘 器 reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器 straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器 multiple c

37、yclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料 filtration media电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes电极清灰removal of collectedparticle fromelectrodes宽间距静电除尘器 wide space electrostatic precipitator双区静电除尘器 （两段式电除尘器） two-stageelectrostatic prec

38、ipitator湿式除尘器 wet collector of particulates烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization （FGD）湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by limeand limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫 dry process FGD吸收 法控制 氮氧化 物 control of NOx by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NOx by absorptionprocess with water酸吸收法脱氮control of

39、 NOx by absorptionprocess with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NOx by absorptionprocess with alkali吸 附 法控制 氮氧化 物 control of NOx by adsorption分 子 筛 吸 附 法 脱 氮 control of NOx by adsorption process with molecular sieve 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorptionprocess with silica gel气 体 生 物 净 化 biotreatment of gaseous p

40、ollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaustgal生物脱臭 biotreatment of oder集气罩 capture hood烟 囱 有 效 排 放 高 度 effective height of立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settlingtank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flowgrit settling tank重力排砂 grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydrauliceleva

41、tor水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池 settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank竖 流 折 板 絮 凝 池 vertical table flap flocculating tank机 械 搅 拌 絮 凝 池 mechanical mixing flocculating tank加 压 溶 气 气 浮 法 pressure dissolved-air floatation过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process压力过滤法pressure filtration process真空过滤法vacuum f

42、iltration process快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV 型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤 sand filtrationemmission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂

43、water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物 water（ sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废 水 调 节 池 wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池 grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板

44、（斜管） 沉淀池 sloping plank（pipe）settlingtank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气

45、浮池floatation basin微电解法micro electroanalysis微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度 backwashing intensity of filter滤层 filter material layer滤料承托层 holding layer for filter material斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半

46、渗透膜semi-permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透 reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取 extraction汽提 stripping吹脱法 blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化 optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonatesoftening method剩余污泥

47、 surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aerationbasin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷 volume loading纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator曝气时间 aeration time污泥龄 sludge age活性污泥培养a

48、ctivated sludge culture活 性 污 泥 驯 化 domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activatedsludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池 tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotatingdisc生物流化床biologica

49、l fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池 septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal fromwastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal fromwastewater by denitrification污 水 硝 化 反 硝 化 脱 氮 处 理 nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system废 水 好 氧 / 厌 氧 处 理 biologi

50、cal aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater 微 生 物 内 源 代 谢 microorganism intrinsic metabolism微 生 物 合 成 代 谢 microorganism synthetic metabolism基 质 分 解 代 谢 substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥 return sludge曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin普 通 活 性 污 泥 法 conventional

51、 activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method鼓风曝气装置blast aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘 aerated oxidation pondICEA

52、S intermittent cyclic extended aeration system 间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT 工 艺 demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system(需氧池 间歇池 )A 1/O 工艺anoxic/ oxicA 2/O 工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip 工艺 phostriop processBardenpho 工艺 Bardenpho processPhoredox 工艺 Phoredox processUCT 工艺 university of cape townVIP 工艺

53、 Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘 anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化 two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器 series batch reactor氧化沟 oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludgeblanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒 disinfection灭菌 sterilization加氯机 chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯 liquified chlorine gas需氯量 chlorine demand余氯 chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯 c