2011高中英语完形填空精析精练专题八 议论文完形填空解题指导与训练8（教师版）

1、 2011高考英语完形填空精析精练议论文完形填空解题指导与训练8【考点定位】 2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布近年来，高考中完形填空出现单纯议论文的文章并不多见，原因是议论文比较抽象，与考生的认知水平不太接近，因此出现的概率很小。但是高考在改革，其体裁也会朝着这个方向靠近。例如2007年的山东高考的完形填空试题就打破了以往的文体模式，以议论文代替夹叙夹议文体。议论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主张或发表见解的文体。议论文分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型，另一种是纯议论型。夹叙夹议型完形填空的基本模式是：作者首先叙述一件事，然后就此提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。纯议论型完形填空的

2、基本模式是：提出论点，列举论据，提出看法。 议论型完形填空有以下特点： 1、首句制胜，论点明确 议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 2、结构清晰，脉络有序 议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence等。3、按一

3、定的方法论证 议论型完形填空中的论点都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物，进而推断出这类事物的共同点，得出结论）；推理法（从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论）；对照法（正反对照，先分析说明，后得出结论）；驳论法 （阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点）。【考点pk】 名师考点透析 议论型完形填空的应试技巧 1、叙议有机结合 对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空要把叙和议有机地结合起来。有的考生没有注意到这一点，他们只顾选某一部分的答案，而没有注意到事件与论点之间的关系。 2 、遵循狠抓首句原则 对于议论型完形填空，在掌握全文主旨的情况下抓住每段的首句是做好试题的关键。一项调查表明，

4、英语中60%到90%的议论文的主旨句都是段落的首句。抓住了每段的首句，再理解文章就容易多了。 3、 理清文章的论点、论据和结论 议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比，稍微难了一些。一般来说，记叙文是按时间的先后顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件发生和发展的过程，就能将文章脉络把握好。然而议论型完形填空就不那么简单了，如果我们不清楚文章的论点、论据和结论，就只能莽撞地答题了，其结果可想而知。所以理清文章的论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。 【精选试题】 精析精练A loving person lives in a loving worldA hostile （敌意的） person liv

5、es in a hostile worldEveryone you meet is your mirrorMirrors have a very particular 36 They reflect the image in front of themJust as a 37 mirror works as the vehicle to reflection, 38 do all of the people in our livesWhen we see something beautiful such as a flower garden, that garden 39 a reflecti

6、on When we love someone, its a（n） 40 of loving ourselvesWe have often heard things like I love how I am when Im with that person That simply 41 into Im able to love me when I love that other person 42 , when we meet someone new, we feel as though we clickSometimes its as if weve 43 each other for a

7、long timeThat feeling can come from 44 similaritiesJust as the mirror or other person can be a positive reflection, it is more likely that well 45 it when it has a negative connotation（内涵） 46 its easy to remember times when we have met someone were not particularly 47 aboutWe may have some criticism

8、 （批评） in our mind about the 48 This is especially true when we get to know someone with whom we would rather spend 49 timeOftentimes, when we 50 qualities in other people, ironically（讽刺地）, its usually the mirror thats 51 to usAt times we meet someone 52 and feel distant, disconnected, or disgusted 5

9、3 we dont want to believe it, and its not easy or 54 to look further, it can be a great learning lesson to 55 what part of the person is being reflected in youIts simply just another way to create more self-awareness（福建省厦门市2010届高三年级上学期质量检查）36AtargetBstyle CfunctionDcolor37AmedicalBphysicalCchemical

10、Dmental38Aso BthenCnor Dneither39Afocuses on Bapplies to Cworks withDserves as40Areward Bevaluation Creflection Dexample41AgrowsBtranslatesCentersDfalls42AObviously BStrangely CFortunatelyDFrequently43AknownBsupportedCobservedDrecognized44AcreatingBlackingCsharingDcomparing45AignoreBkeepCtakeDnotice

11、46AIn briefBIn additionCFor example DAs usual47AcrazyBanxiousCupsetDconcerned48AtimeBmirrorCgardenDperson49AlessBamazingCmoreDvaluable50AappreciateBdislikeCdescribeDdiscover51AshoutingBshiningCspeakingDpointing52AnewBnervousCfamiliarDfriendly53AIfBAlthoughCSinceDOnce54AterribleBnobleCreliableDdesira

12、ble55Afigure outBtake outCput outDgive out【文章大意】 充满爱意的人生活在充满爱意的世界里，充满敌意的人则生活在充满敌意的世界里。你所遇到的每一个人都是你的镜子。36C由下一句可知，本句是说镜子具有独特的功能或作用，因此选择function(功能)。37B就像人们可以从有形的镜子中看到自己，生活中的所有人也同样可以反映自己。physical有形的。38A本句是把我们生活中的人比作镜子，因为前面的句子是肯定形式，因此选择so，表示46C作者是用具体的事例来说明本段的中心，因此选择C。47A我们很容易就能记住我们碰到自己不太喜欢的人的时刻。be not c

13、razy about不喜欢48D我们可能在心里对那个人有些反感。the person指上文提到的那个我们不喜欢的人。49A当我们认识自己不喜欢与之相处的人时，这种情况就更为明显。想与他们相处更短的时间，即不喜欢与他们相处，因此less符合题意。50B本文从两个方面阐述镜子的作用，第三段是积极的反映，第四、五段是消极的反映，因此选择dislike。51c 我们不喜欢别人身上的品性，这也是镜子的作用。speak t0 sb对某人诉说，符合语意。52A根据下文的feel distant，disconnected，or可知这里是指我们遇到陌生人，因此选择new。遇到友好的人不会有距离感，因此D项不符合

14、语意。53B尽管我们不想去相信，不容易也不想去深究，但是弄清楚这个人的哪些特质在自己身上有所体现是非常重要的一课。因此选择Although，引导让步状语从句。54D根据前面的not，easy可知深究这个问题是不容易的或者有时也不愿去深究，因此选择desirable更为贴切。55A弄清楚这个人的哪些特质在自己身上有所体现是非常重要的一课，因此选择figure out。弄清。One day, not too long ago, the employees of a large company in St. Louis, Missouri returned from their lunch brea

15、k and were greeted with a sign on the front door. The sign said, “Yesterday the person who had been hindering(阻碍) your (1) in this company passed away. We (2) you to join the funeral in the room that has been (3) in the gym.” At first everyone was sad to (4) that one of their colleagues had died, (5

16、) after a while they started getting (6) about who this person might be. The excitement (7) as the employees arrived at the gym to pay their last (8) . Everyone wondered, “Who is this person that was hindering my growth? Well, (9) hes no longer here!” One by one the (10) got closer to the coffin(棺材)

17、 and when they looked inside it, they (11) became speechless. They stood over the coffin, (12) into silence, as if someone had (13) the deepest part of their soul. There was a mirror inside the coffineveryone who looked inside it could see himself. There was also a (14) next to the mirror that (15)

18、, “There is only one person who is capable to (16) limits to your growth: it is YOU.” You are the only person who can revolutionize (变革) your (17) . You are the only person who can (18) your happiness, realization and success. You are the only person who can help yourself. Your life does not change

19、when others change. Your life changes when YOU change, when you go (19) your limiting beliefs and when you realize that you are the only one(20) for your life.(1)Aperformance Bprogress Cprogram Dprocess(2)Ademand Ballow Cinvite Dadvise(3)Astarted Bprepared Copened Dheld(4)Alearn Baccept Crealize Dfi

20、nd(5)Afor Band Cso Dbut(6)Aridiculous Bobvious Ccurious Dnervous(7)Agrew Bappeared Cimproved Ddeveloped(8)Aadmirations Battentions Cappreciations Drespects(9)Aat least Bat last Cat present Dat once(10)Aemployees Bmanagers Cfriends Dcitizens(11)Aquickly Bfinally Cobviously Dsuddenly(12)Aupset Bdepres

21、sed Cshocked Dembarrassed(13)Abroken Btouched Ctrembled Dremoved(14)Aletter Bsign Cmark Dsignal(15)Atold Bwarned Cwrote Dread(16)Aset Bmake Ctake Dget(17)Acareer Bluck Clife Dbusiness(18)Aexchange Bsatisfy Cinfluence Dachieve(19)Afor Bupon Cover Dbeyond(20)Areliable Bresponsible Csuitable Dvaluable【

22、文章大意】这是一篇议论文，主要论述了阻碍我们成功、进步的人就是我们自己，因此只有超越自己，我们才能在各个方面取得成功。 (1)B【解析】考查名词辨析。由全文可知，这里要表达的意思是“阻碍你进步的人”，也可从第三段的growth得到提示。所以要用progIess。performance“表现”，program“节目”，process“进程”。(2)C【解析】考查动词辨析。invite sbto do sth邀请某人做某事。(3)B【解析】考查动词辨析。在体育馆准备好举行葬礼，所以要用prepare。(4)A【解析】考查动词辨析。learn“得知，获悉”。句意为：得知同事去世了，大家都很伤心。(5

23、)D【解析】考查逻辑关系判断。很显然“感到伤心”和“感到好奇”，两者间是转折关系，所以要用but。该空要在完成下文的基础上完成。 (6)C【解析】考查形容词辨析。curious“好奇的”。句意为：但是过了一会，大家对于死的这个人可能是谁都变得非常好奇。ridiculous“荒谬的”；obvious“明显的”；nervous“紧张的”。(7)A【解析】考查语境化选词。上文提到，大家想知道阻碍自己进步的人是谁，而现在马上就要知道了，所以兴奋增加了。grow在这里意为“增强”，表示程度上的增加。appear“出现”；improve“提高”；develop“发展”。本题稍难。(8)D【解析】考查名词辨

24、析。很显然，这里要表达的是：向遗体告别，表达最后的敬意。respects(pl)敬意。admiration“羡慕”；attention注意”；appreclation感激”。【解析】考查名词辨析。sign“牌子”。句意为：镜子旁边还有一个牌子，上面写着一句话：只有一个人能限制你的成长，那就是你自己。mark标志，signal信号。(15)D【解析】动词辨析。read在这里表示“写明，写着”。本题稍难。(16)A【解析】考查固定搭配。set limits to sth相当于limit。(17)C【解析】考查语境化选词。由下文的“happiness”“realization”“success”可以

25、看出，这里指的是生活，即life。句意为：你是唯一一个能改变你生活的人。本题稍难。(18)C【解析】动词辨析。这里说的还是自己决定着自己的命运。结合全文和后面的三个宾语的搭配，这里只能用influence(影响)。而不能用exchange(交换)；satisfy(满足)；achieve(实现)。本题稍难。(19)D【解析】考杏介词辨析。beyond“超出”。上文说的是我们对自己的人生的重要作用，所以这里就得出了结论：只有走出对自己既定的看法，意识到自己是唯一一个对自己生活负责的人，才能真正得到改变。本题稍难。(20)B【解析】考查形容词辨析。这里是形容词作定语。意思是：responsible

26、for sth意思是：为负责的。reliable“可靠的”；Suitable“适合的”；valuable“有价值的”。 There are many ways of defining success.It is accurate to say that each of us has our own 36 of success,to the extent that each of us is 37 for setting our own goals and 38 whether we have met these goals satisfactorily.Because each of us 3

27、9unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments 40to express these abilities,it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly. For some people,simply being able to live their life41 a minimum of misery and suffering is considered 42.Think of the peace of mind of the poor

28、shepherd who 43his sheep,enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of44,and who is respected because he does a good job of45 the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society.On the other hand,it seems that 46some people appear to be rich in47possessions,many of them seem to be mi

29、serable and consider themselves unsuccessful when48 their own goals of success.Because not all ventures can be successful,one should not set49 goals for achieving success,but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set ones goals at too low a50 of achievement. A wise counselor once sai

30、d to a young man who was51 frustration with his own professional success,“You 52set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling.Sometimes one can be very successful53 by taking a walk in the park,or riding the subway downtown,” the counselor54,“You have not really failed and sp

31、oilt your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at 55 you really like,and to which you have given your best effort.”36.A.ideaB.decisionC.conceptD.name37.A helpfulB.chargedC.freeD.responsible38.A.thinkingB.determiningC.knowingD.learning39.A.haveB.takesC.showsD.possesses40.A.whichB.in w

32、hichC.of whichD.from which41.A.withB.atC.byD.on42.A.successB.lifeC.a successD.progress43.A.trendsB.tendsC.intendsD.tenders44.A.natureB.environmentC.surroundingD.scenery45.A.realizingB.achievingC.carrying outD.fulfilling46.A.as thoughB.even thatC.as ifD.even though47.A.spiritualB.mentalC.idealD.mater

33、ial48.A.judged byB.supposed toC.depended onD.relied on49.A.untrueB.unrealisticC.wrongD.false50.A.conditionB.situationC.positionD.standard51.A.experiencingB.sufferingC.feelingD.thinking52.A.mustntB.do not have toC.shouldntD.cant53.A.nearlyB.mostlyC.merelyD.unique54.A.concludedB.addedC.summarizedD.cal

34、led55.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything36.【解析】有很多方法解释什么是成功。准确地说我们每一个人对成功都有自己的概念。idea“观点,主意”;decision“决定”;concept“概念”;name“名字”。从前面的define可知这里是给success 下定义,故选C项。 【答案】C37.【解析】be responsible for “对负责任”。从一定程度上说,我们每个人都要为我们自己立的目标负责任。【答案】D38.【解析】think“考虑”;determine“决定”;know“知道”;learn“学习,得知”。这句话的意思是

35、“我们每个人都要决定是否我们能满意地到达我们的目标”。【答案】B39.【解析】因为我们每一个人都拥有独特的能力,故选possess（拥有）。【答案】D40.【解析】这里environment后面跟着一个定语从句,意思是“在这个环境中来发挥这些能力”。这句话的意思是:“因为我们每一个人都拥有天生的能力和有利的环境来发展这些能力,因此我们应该给成功从广义上下个定义。”故选in which。【答案】B41.【解析】对有些人来说,只要能够最小限度地遭受生活的痛苦就是成功了。with a minimum of misery and suffering “最低限度地受罪”。【答案】A42.【解析】前面说的

36、是成功的定义,故这里说“被认为是成功的事情”。a success “一个成功的人或一件成功的事”。【答案】C43.【解析】这里说的是牧羊人的事情,故选tend。trend“趋向,倾向”;tend“照看,照料,易于”;intend“打算,想要”;tender“投标,提供”。tend sheep “放羊”。【答案】B44.【解析】牧羊人是在野外工作,当然欣赏的是大自然的风光，故选nature。【答案】A45.【解析】achieve the goals “实现目标”。这句话的意思是:“他（牧羊人）受人尊敬是因为他做了一份能实现他目标的好工作,这份工作被他自己和社会所接受。”【答案】B46.【解析】另

37、一方面,好像即使有些人似乎在物质方面很富有。这里与前面说的牧羊人精神方面的成功相对应，故选even though“即使”。as though“好像”;as if“好像”。【答案】D47.【解析】spiritual“精神的”;mental“心理的,精神的”;ideal“理想的”;material“物质的”。in material possessions“在物质方面的拥有”。【答案】D48.【解析】很多人似乎很悲哀,当用“是否实现了目标”来判断时,认为自己不成功。be judged by “用判断”;be supposed to“应该,应当”;depend on “依赖,依靠”;rely on “

38、依赖,依靠”。【答案】A49.【解析】并不是所有的项目都能成功,因此一个人不应该树立不切实际的目标。untrue“不真实的”;unrealistic“不现实的”;false “假的”。【答案】B50.【解析】但是如果一个人有信心,却把目标定到很低的水平也是很不幸的一件事。a low standard of achievement“低水平的实现目标”。【答案】D51.【解析】一个明智的律师曾经用自己的专业方面的成功对一个遭受挫折的年轻人说话。experience “经历,遭受”;suffer “受罪,生病”。这里强调“经历”,故选A项。【答案】A52.【解析】为了达到旅行的成功,你不必定下非要到

39、达月亮的目标。do not have to “不必非要”。【答案】B53.【解析】nearly“几乎”;mostly“主要地,大多数”;merely“仅仅,只有”;unique“独特的”。有时候只在公园里散散步你也能很成功。【答案】C54.【解析】从下面话语的内容可知,这是对前面所说的话的补充,意思是“这位律师还补充说”。conclude “断定,下结论”;summarize“总结,概括”;add“增加,补充”。【答案】B55.【解析】这句话的意思是:“对你所喜欢的事情只要你尽力了,即使你没有成功,你也并没有真正失败,也没有失去成功的机会。”【答案】A If you have ever bee

40、n discouraged because of failure, please read on. For often, achieving what you set out to do is not the 21 thing. Let me explain. Two brothers decided to dig a 22 hole behind their house. As they were working, a couple of 23 boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing?” asked one of the visitors.

41、 “We plan to dig a hole all the way through the earth!” one of the brothers volunteered 24. The older boys began to25, telling the younger ones that digging a hole all the way through the earth was 26. After a long silence, one of the diggers 27 a jar full of spiders, worms and a wide assortment of

42、insects. He 28 the lid and showed the wonderful contents to the scoffing visitors. Then he said quietly and29, “Even if we dont dig all the way through the earth, look what we found along the way!” Their 30 was far too ambitious, but it did cause them to dig. And that is what a goal is forto cause u

43、s to move 31 the direction we have chosen;32, to set us to digging! But not every goal will be 33 achieved. Not every job will end 34. Not every relationship will endure. Not every hope will come to pass. Not every love will 35. Not every endeavor will be completed. Not every dream will be 36. But w

44、hen you fall short of your aim, 37 you can say, “Yes, but look at what I found along the way! Look at the 38 things which have come into my life because I tried to do 39!” It is in the digging that life is lived. And I believe it is joy in the journey, in the end, that truly 40 .21. A. interesting B

45、. important C. funny D. difficult22. A. big B. small C. deep D. shallow23. A. older B. younger C. laughing D. curious24. A. quietly B. silently C. worried D. excitedly25. A. laugh B. smile C. say D. worry26. A. difficult B. impossible C. easy D. possible27. A. found out B. set out C. picked up D. to

46、ok out28. A. put B. covered C. pointed D. removed29. A. confidently B. shyly C. silently D. firmly30. A. digging B. hole C. goal D. life31. A. in B. to C. with D. at32. A. for example B. in other words C. all in all D. on the contrary33. A. partly B. easily C. fully D. hardly34. A. fully B. easily C

47、. difficultly D. successfully35. A. last B. deepen C. go D. fall36. A. dreamed B. broken C. gained D. realized37. A. surely B. perhaps C. usually D. certainly38. A. poor B. bad C. wonderful D. many39. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything40. A. does B. makes C. works D. matters21. B 【解析】

48、由后文所介绍的兄弟俩挖坑的事以及文章的倒数第二、三两段可以看出有时候达到目标并不是最重要的，甚至有的目标根本不可能达到，关键是在向目标前进的过程中你收获了什么，因此选B项最符合句意，也能使文意连贯。22. C【解析】由文章第五段中提到的“We plan to dig a hole all the way through the earth!”可以看出他们挖的应该是一个很深的坑，并不强调坑的大小，因此选C项。23. A【解析】由文章第六段中提到的“the older boys”，可以看出应该选项。24. D【解析】由文章第六段中回答时的感叹语气可以看出此时说话者非常兴奋激动。因此选D项，其余各项

49、都与感情基调不符。25. A【解析】 laugh有“嘲笑，嘲讽”之意；smile“微笑”。此处用laugh更能表现一种感情色彩，同时围观者的态度与后文兄弟俩的态度形成对比，感情色彩更加强烈，因此选A项。26. B【解析】由下一段所提及的长长的沉默及再下一段中所提及的“Even if we dont dig all the way through the earth”可以看出此处围观者说的应该是不可能挖透地球的。故选项。27. C【解析】 pick up sth.“拿起某物”，此处意为从地上捡起；take out sth.“拿出，取出某物”，侧重于从口袋一类的东西中取出某物，在此处不合适。28.

50、 D【解析】 remove“去除”。由本句话所提到的“.showed the wonderful contents to the scoffing visitors”，可以看出兄弟俩中的一个去掉了盖子，将其中的东西给围观者看，因此选D项。29. A【解析】 confidently“自信地、信心十足地”；shyly“害羞地”；silently“沉默地”；firmly“坚定地”。这里指他们信心十足，即使不能挖透地球，也能有收获。30. C【解析】由本段的第二句话可以看出此处说的是他们的目标。这句话的意思是：他们的目标太大，但也正是这个目标导致他们挖洞的。因此C项最符合题意。31. A【解析】 in

51、 some direction“在某个方向，朝着某个方向”，是固定搭配。这句话的意思是：这就是目标的作用，是它让我们向着自己选定的方向前进。32. B【解析】 for example“例如”；in other words“换句话说”；all in all“总而言之”；on the contrary“相反的是”。后一个分句和前一个分句的意义大体相同，因此选B项。33. C【解析】由本段的第三、四两句说的“并不是所有的关系都会恒久忍耐到底，并不是所有的希望都会克服艰难的努力而实现”。可以推测出这句话的意思应该是“并不是所有的目标都会被完全地实现”。fully“完全地、彻底地”。34. D【解析】由本段的其他各句可以推测出这句话说