2018高考真题英语全国1卷含答案

1、2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国I卷）英语注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

2、项。听完每段对话后，你都有阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.19.15.B.9.18.答案是Co1. WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A. WatchaTVprogram.B. Giveatalk.C. Writeareport.2. Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.Shesgenerous.B.Shecurious.3. Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30.B.At8:30.4. Howdoesthewomangotowork?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.5. Whatisthe

3、probablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和C.9.15.C.Sheshelpful.C.At10:30.C.Bybike.B. Teacherandstudent.C. Doctorandpatient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. W

4、hatdoesthewomanregret?A. Givingupherresearch.B. Droppingoutofcollege.C. Changinghermajor.7. Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A.Ecology.B.Education.C.Chemistry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Whatistheman?A. Ahotelmanager.B. Atourguide.C. Ataxidriver.9. Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?A. Lookingforsomelocalfoods

5、.B. Showingheraroundtheseaside.C. Offeringinformationaboutahotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Athome.C.Atarestaurant.11. Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A.Gotoaconcert.B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.12. WhoisAlicegoingtocall?听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.

6、 Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A.Mike.B.Joan.C.Catherine.A. Tolookatanapartment.B. Todeliversomefurniture.C. Tohaveamealtogether.14. Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor.B.Itsdesign.C.Itsquality.15. Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A. Itsagoodsize.B. Itsnewlypainted.C. Itsadequatelyequipped.16.

7、 Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A. Godowntown.B. Talkwithherfriend.C. Makepayment.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Moviefans.B.Newsreporters.C.Collegestudents.18. WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?A. Beforehelefthishometown.B. AfterhecametoAmerica.C. Whenhewas15yearsold.19.

8、 Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.Hesproud.B.Hessympathetic.C.Hesgrateful.20. Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A. Howeducationshapedhislife.B. Howhislanguageskillsimproved.C. Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.C.

9、BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherr

10、yblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwate

11、r.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Co

12、mfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall

13、.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21. Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B. WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C. CapitalCi

14、tyBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D. WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22. WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23. Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetyligh

15、ts.BGoodMorningBritainSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestroleshowingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFoodshevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwast

16、e,whilepreparingrecipesforunder均perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshesbeenabletoputalotohwhaslearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,sheexplains.pay5foraportion（份），but

17、Mattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswerenotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.Theeight-partseries（系列节目） ,SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITVsSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastran

18、geofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.IntonightsEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamilyslongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipe

19、s.24. WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A. Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B. Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C. Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D. Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A. Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B. Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C. Heassistsherincookingmatters.

20、D. Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A. Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B. Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C. Addsomebackgroundinformation.D. Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A. KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB. BalancingOurDailyDietC.

21、MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD. CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexp

22、ertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenat

23、ion-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselang

24、uagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

25、Themediannumber#位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApachein

26、theUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28. Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.29. Whichofthefollowingbestexp

27、lainsdominantunderlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.30. Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800.B.About3,400.C.About2,400.D.About1,200.31. Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A. Newlanguageswillbecreated.B. Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C. Huma

28、ndevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D. Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices/置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.Thatsbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdatedde

29、vicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslifefromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismeth

30、odprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumul

31、atedmoredevices,however,wedidntthrowoutouroldones.Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekidsroom,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Werenotjustkeepingtheseolddeviceswecontinuet

32、ousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbittsteam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions推放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhatsthesolution编隼决方案） ?Theteamsdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexpl

33、oredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32. Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A. Th

34、eyareenvironment-friendly.B. Theyarenobetterthantheold.C. Theycostmoretouseathome.D. Theygooutofstylequickly.33. WhydidBabbittsteamconducttheresearch?A. Toreducethecostofminerals.B. Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C. Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D. Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34. Wh

35、ichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35. Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhom

36、edesignsomethingyoullalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyoulllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthatsfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehav

37、ebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthererereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.Theyrethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketst

38、hatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommit

39、mentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryourelookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.A. WhileallofthemareusefulB. WhateveryourelookingforC. Ifyoureex

40、perimentingwithacolorD. SmallcolorchoicesaretheonesweremostfamiliarwithE. ItsnotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF. Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG. Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从

41、短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferingafreecourse,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesntwantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,Idalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIwerent43enoug

42、haboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegames46.Icouldhardlywaitto47him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswo

43、uldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,52,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53_andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,Imstillputtingtousewhathe55me:Thea

44、bsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent(对手)isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60_asajournalist.41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD

45、.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.ad

46、dB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.,situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describe

47、C.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdonthavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,sm

48、oke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofhea

49、rtdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67（cause）.Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise.itsprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68（strength）yourlegmuscles（肌肉），avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyanditsalways69（energy）.Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。