现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit1学习资料

1、Another School Year What For? John Ciardi Another School Year What For? John Ciardi第一页，共61页。R einforcementT ext AnalysisAnother School Year B ackgroundWarming upUnit 1第二页，共61页。Questions / ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesAnother School Year Unit 1Warming up第三页，共61页。Warming upQuestions/Activities

2、What do you go to college for? How has your first semester in university changed you? Do you now have new visions of the purpose of university? What are they?第四页，共61页。Check-on PreviewWrite down the words according to the corresponding explanations. f_s_p_s_l_c_e_all the teachers of a university or c

3、ollegeto be enoughshowing the ability to understand things clearly and deeplyan uncivilized human beingin a basic meaning of a wordto state something is correctto officially arrange to join a universityWarming upacultyufficeenetratingavageiteralertifynroll第五页，共61页。Objectives Understand the occasion

4、and stylistic features of the speech Think about the question of the purpose of university education Know something about the author Solve your own questions about the textWarming up第六页，共61页。BackgroundGenreAuthorAnother School Year Unit 1第七页，共61页。BackgroundHis LifeJohn Ciardi1916-1986ua child of Ita

5、lian immigrantsuBegan his career teaching English at the University of Kansas City uJoined the US Air Force in 1942, served as a gunner in fighter planesuwent on to teach at Harvard University in 1946 uin 1953 accepted a position at Rutgers Universityuin 1961, gave up teaching and devoted himself to

6、 his own literary endeavors.第八页，共61页。BackgrounduPoet, translator, etymologistu Major works: First book of poems, Homeward to America, 1940 Other Skies, focusing on his war-time experience, 1947 How Does a Poem Mean, a standard textbook for high school and college poetry courses Translation of Dantes

7、 Divine Comedy (The Inferno, 1954; The Purgatorio, 1961; The Paradiso, 1970)u Influence: A very popular poet Poetry editor of Saturday Review from 1956 to 1972 Fellow of the National Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member and former president of the National Institute of Arts and LettersHis Influ

8、ence第九页，共61页。BackgroundGenre Orientation speechperiod of time at the beginning of the academic year at a university during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcome new students. The orientation helps new students to organize their classes, acclimate to student life, and introduce the

9、mselves to other new students. Speeches are often given at orientation by presidents or acclaimed professors of the university. AudienceCollege freshmen Stylecolloquial, familiar; first humorous, mildly sarcastic; later serious and earnest第十页，共61页。DetailedAnalysisStructureThemeAnother School Year Un

10、it 1Text Analysis第十一页，共61页。Text AnalysisThemeWhat is the purpose of university education? u University education has a two-fold purpose To provide students with technical & professional training To educate students to become civilized human beings第十二页，共61页。Text AnalysisStructure第十三页，共61页。Text An

11、alysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Main Idea Retell the teachers encounter with the student. Occasion, students appearance & question, what the teacher has in mind and what he says, students response What is the students attitude towards reading Shakespeare and towards the teacher? Find textual evid

12、ence. What is the teachers attitude towards the student? Find textual evidence. How does the teacher try to explain to the student the importance of reading literature? How do you understand the teachers differentiation of the three eight hours and his emphasis on the last third besides work and sle

13、ep?第十四页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence Paraphrase I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. (Para. 1)Paraphrasing: I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City.to have just come

14、 from a particular place, to have just had a particular experience, e.g. students fresh from college第十五页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence ParaphraseI could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his cours

15、e he meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science. (Para. 2)Subjunctive mood: I didnt point it out in fact. Paraphrasing: I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc. at a university.to intend to do sth.to indicate, registe

16、r, or show第十六页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence Paraphrase It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history. (para. 2)become an expert in; have special knowledg

17、e ofto be official proofput in touch withParaphrasing: The B. S. certificate would be officialproof that the holder had special knowledge ofpharmacy, and it would also be proof that he had beenput in touch with some profound ideas of the past. 第十七页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence

18、 ParaphraseI could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious hewasnt going to be around long enough for it to matter. (para. 3)Around where? Paraphrasing: I didnt actually say all this to him, because I didnt think he would stay at college/in my class very long, so it wouldnt be very importa

19、nt whether or not he knew what university education was for. 第十八页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence Paraphrase“For the rest of your life,” I said, “your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours.” (Para. 4)to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. aft

20、er being higher or lowerMore examples: Meals at the university average out to about 10 yuan per day. The restaurants monthly profits averaged out at 30% last year.第十九页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence ParaphraseYou will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the

21、bull doesnt jump the fence, or that your client doesnt go to theelectric chair as a result of your incompetence. (Para. 5) make sureParaphrasing: You have to take responsibility for the work you dousing your professional skills. If you are a pharmacist, you should make sure that medicine is not mixe

22、d with poison; if you are an engineer, you should make sure that the fence you design is strong enough to keep our bulls. If you are a lawyer, you should make sure that your innocent client is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate skill and knowledge to defend him. 第二十页，共61页。Text Analysis

23、Detailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence ParaphraseParaphrasing: I hope that your income will always be enough.They will be your income, and may it always suffice. (Para. 5)Inverted sentence, used in a blessing. e.g. May they live long!第二十一页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Sentence ParaphraseYou

24、re going to be badly stuck for something to do whenyou are not signing checks. (Para. 8) pay for things unable to findParaphrasing: (If you dont have any other goal in life apart from making money,) you will have nothing interesting and meaningful to do when you are not paying for your shopping.第二十二

25、页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Words & ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentence PatternWordscertify；enroll；generate；rear；sufficePhrasesbe fresh out of/from; point to; be new to the faculty; reach for; specialize in; be around; be exposed to; average out; more or lessSentence Patternbe usefu

26、lly employed; go through; see to; stay out of; do with; preside over; maintain contact with; be out to do ; be stuck for GrammarAs if + adj/participles/to do/prep. phrase第二十三页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar5. facultyn. a. any of the powers of the body or mind

27、(para.2, L1) 机能，官能 b. department or group of related departments in a university 系，学院(xuyun) c. the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university 全体教职工Examples: the faculty of the sight; mental faculties the Faculty of Law The entire faculty of the university will attend

28、the meeting.第二十四页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarcf. staff n.a. group of assistants working together in a business, etc. responsible to a manager or a person in authority 参谋参谋b. those people doing administrative work 行政行政(xngzhng)职员职员Examples: the hotel staff,

29、the shop staff We need more staff in the office. I have a staff of ten. a head teacher and her staff 校长校长(xiozhng)及全体教工及全体教工 The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.第二十五页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar3. certify v. to confirm formally as true,

30、accurate, or genuine (para.2, L4) 证明(zhngmng)，保证Examples: The accounts were certified (as) correct. He was certified (as) insane. certified accountant 注册注册(zhc)会计师会计师第二十六页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarv. to produce （as a result of a chemical or physical proce

31、ss） (para.2, L6) （通过物理或化学过程）产生(chnshng)，形成generateExamples: a generating station 发电厂，发电站发电厂，发电站 When coal burns, it generates heat. generate profit generative reproduction 有性有性(yu xn)繁殖繁殖第二十七页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar2. assume v. a. to take for granted;

32、to suppose (para.5, L2) 假定(jidng) b. to take upon oneself 承担Examples: They had assumed that prices would rise these days, but in fact they were wrong. assume responsibilities assume anothers debts第二十八页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar8. rearv. a. to care for (ch

33、ildren or a child) during the early stages of life; to bring up (para.5, L8) 养育，抚养 b. to tend (growing plants or animals) 培养（动植物等） c. to rise high in the air; to tower高耸；树立，建立n. a hind part 后面，后边(hu bian)；后边(hu bian)的部分Examples: to rear a child to rear poultry to rear a monument to a persons memory

34、为纪念 某人(mu rn)而建立纪念碑 the rear of the hall 第二十九页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar v. to meet present needs or requirements (para.5, L9) 满足(mnz) 10. sufficeExamples: These rations will suffice until next week. Fifty dollars will suffice me / suffice for my needs. O

35、ne example will suffice to illustrate this point. Suffice (it) to say (that) anyone wanting to create adatabase system must be familiar with the concept of normalization.第三十页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar 4. exposev. a. to subject or allow to be subjected to

36、an action or an influence 使受影响 (para.6, L3) b. to subject (a photographic film, for) to the action of light 使曝光(bo gung) c. to make known (sth. discreditable); to reveal (the guilt or wrongdoing of) 揭发（有损信誉的事）；揭露（罪恶或错误的行为）第三十一页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarEx

37、amples: The parents exposed their children to classical music at home. This film has been exposed. The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.第三十二页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar1. enroll in to place ones name on a roll or register;

38、 to sign up 注册登记，注册、记录某人(mu rn)名字在花名册上；登记 (para.2, L2)Example: We enrolled in the army. 第三十三页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar a. to concentrate on a particular activity or product 从事专门活动或销售专业产品(chnpn) (para.2, L5) b. to have special knowledge of 在某方面很专业 2. spec

39、ialize in Example: The shop specializes in mountain-climbing gear. He specializes in ancient Roman history.第三十四页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammar3. put itExamples: to put it another way 换句话说换句话说 to put it mildly 说得婉转说得婉转(wnzhun)些些 to put it strong 说得刻薄说得刻薄 to ex

40、press; to state 表达(biod)；陈述 (para.4, L1) 第三十五页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarto try to make sure that (para.5, L4) 5. see to it thatExample: The parents asked the girl to see to it that her younger brothers behave well at the table.第三十六页，共61页。Text AnalysisDeta

41、iled AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentence PatternGrammarto be in charge of (para.6, L3) 6. preside overExamples: preside over a meeting 主持会议主持会议 preside at tea 招待客人吃茶点招待客人吃茶点(chdin) The manager presides over the business of this store. 主持管主持管理业务理业务第三十七页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWordsPhrasesSentenc

42、e PatternGrammar to try to do sth. (para.7, L2)7. be out to do sth.Example: You professor raise your kids your way; Ill take care of my own. Me, Im out to make money. / Im out for money.第三十八页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Exercises Translate the following sentences: 1. 刚从学校毕业，他们遇到了一系列的问

43、题，也有很多机遇。刚从学校毕业，他们遇到了一系列的问题，也有很多机遇。(be exposed to)2. 不管学习何种专业，大学生都应该接受人文通识教育不管学习何种专业，大学生都应该接受人文通识教育(jioy)。(specialize) 3. 请确保所有同学都收到了考试延期的通知。请确保所有同学都收到了考试延期的通知。(see to it) 4. 人的财富可能有很大不同，但幸福感都是差不多的。人的财富可能有很大不同，但幸福感都是差不多的。(average out) 5. 没有什么语言能表达我的悲伤。没有什么语言能表达我的悲伤。(suffice to) 6. 卖火柴的小姑娘伸出手去，似乎想要努力

44、抓住火光中慢慢消逝卖火柴的小姑娘伸出手去，似乎想要努力抓住火光中慢慢消逝的祖母。（的祖母。（as if + different patterns）第三十九页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Exercises (Key) 1. Fresh out of college, they were exposed to a series of problems as well as plenty of opportunities. 2. College students should have humanistic liberal educatio

45、n, whatever they specialize in. 3. Please see to it that all students have been notified of the delay of the exam. 4. People may differ greatly in wealth, but their sense of happiness tends to average out. 5. No words will suffice to convey my grief. 6. The little match girl reached out her hand, as

46、 if trying to/ desperate to / determined to / in an attempt to grab her grandmother fading in the light. 第四十页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Main Idea How does the writer present his argument in the 2nd part? Education is an essential part of the purpose of university & the conseque

47、nce of refusing to be educated In order to be educated, one needs to learn from the past (example: MIT) Books are an important carrier of the past, and provide people with a variety of lives. The mission of university is to educate the students. 第四十一页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sent

48、ence ParaphraseYou are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal. (para.9)new type of humans who are primitive and uncivilized although they can work machinesParaphrasing: You will become an uneducated person who can only work machines and operate mechan

49、ical equipment, not knowing anything about literature, philosophy, history, or art.第四十二页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence Paraphrase If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of mans development we ca

50、ll historythen you have no business being in college. (Para.9) Paraphrasing: If you dont want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature, philosophy, the fine arts and history, you shouldnt be here at college. to have no right to do sth., shouldnt have been/be doin

51、g sth.第四十三页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence Paraphrase Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through themwithout making contact. (para.9) Mechanized savage; push-button Neandethal Pa

52、raphrasing: Our colleges always produce such people who canoperate machines but who cannot think. We cannot help that. Butwe cant say that these people have received a proper collegeeducation. It is more accurate to say that these college years havejust passed them by without leaving anything on the

53、m.第四十四页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence Paraphrase There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human. (Para.10) Paraphrasing: To become a civilized person, you need to know many things, and you canno

54、t find out everything by yourself, because your life is too short. 第四十五页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence Paraphrase If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Cha

55、ucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. (Para.12) Paraphrasing: If you are too anxious to leave school early (so that you can start to make money) , (or if you are) too ignorant to see your limitations, to accept some of the thinking of the great men

56、 as something that will help cultivate in you the quality of being a human being, you do not deserve to be called a well-educated and cultured citizen of a democratic society. “too to” structureobject of the verb “accept”第四十六页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis 如果你因为活得匆忙而抽不出时间，或者对自己的局限不以为耻反以为荣，因而没有

57、接受亚里士多德、乔叟或爱因斯坦等人的某些思想作为(zuwi)你为人之道的礼物，那么你就既不是一个心智发展完全的人，也不是一个民主国家里有用的公民。 第四十七页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseA university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human min

58、ds your human mind needs to include. ( Para. 14)Paraphrasing: The purpose of a university is to expose its students to the best of human thoughts that they need to learn both as professionals and as civilized human beings. If a university cannot succeed in doing this, it should not exist at all.“exc

59、ept” used as a conjunctive, introducing an adverbial clause 第四十八页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis 我认为一所大学如果不能让你们无论是作为专门人才，还是作为人接触你们应该吸纳的那些伟人思想的话，那么它就不是(b shi)大学，也没有存在的必要。我相信我这种说法既代表人文院校也代表理工院校的教师们的意见。 第四十九页，共61页。Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseThe faculty, by its very e

60、xistence, says implicitly: “We have been aided by many people, and by many books, in our attempt to make ourselves some sort of storehouse of human experience.” (Para. 14) Paraphrasing: We need the faculty because these teachers have a lot of human experience to pass on to young students, and they are able to do so b