学术综合英语UnitPPT学习教案

1、会计学1学术综合英语学术综合英语UnitPre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningThree Mile Island Accident The Three Mile Island accident was the most significant accident in the history of the American commercial nuclear power generating industry. It happened on March 28, 1979,

2、 as a result of technical malfunctions and human error. Radiation was released, a part of the nuclear core was damaged, and thousands of residents were evacuated from the area. 第1页/共191页Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListening第2页/共191页Pre-listeningNew Words a

3、nd ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListening Though it caused no known deaths or diseases to plant workers or members of the nearby community, it brought about sweeping changes in nuclear power industry. The disaster inflamed public opposition to nuclear power. After that, dozens of pla

4、nned reactors were canceled.第3页/共191页Pre-listeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BListeningnuclear power 核电bring online 使运行；把投入使用be opposed to 反对waste disposal 废物废料处理address 应对，解决not in my backyard 事不关己reinvigorate 给以新的活力studio 演播室第4页/共191页Listen to the program and try to

5、get its main ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes.Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening1. In the radio program, the anchorman is .introducingtwo experts and talking about the utilization of nuclear power and the construct

6、ion of nuclear power plants in the US_第5页/共191页3. Peoples attitudes towards nuclear power are now . President Bush: . Other politicians: . Environmentalists in the past: ; now: .Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListening2. In terms of the current utilizat

7、ion of nuclear energy, France gets and the US gets .70% of its electricity from nuclear power_less than a third of that of France_changing_wants to see an increased emphasison nuclear power_not mentioned_opposed to nuclearpower_some say that nuclear energy posesmuch less threat_第6页/共191页4. The parti

8、cipants in the debate are Dave Modeen from and Arjun Makhijani from .5. The anchorman mentioned some telephone numbers and his purpose is .Pre-listeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListeningthe nuclear division for the Electric PowerResearch Institute (EPRI) _Rese

9、arch (IEER)the Institute for Energy and Environmental _to make it possible for the listeners to call in and express their views on the topic under discussion_第7页/共191页Listen to the program again and try to answer the following questions.1.How many nuclear power plants were put to use in France in th

10、e past 30 years?58 in the past 30 years.2. How many nuclear power plants were built in the US during the same period? Why?None. Because of the Three Mile Island Accident, people worry about the safety.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B第8页/共191页3.

11、Technologically, what are people worried about?They mainly worry about issues such as safety and waste disposal.4. Why are some environmentalists less strongly opposed to the construction of nuclear power plants?Because nuclear power plants pose much less threat compared to global warming.Pre-listen

12、ingListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart B第9页/共191页5. Were Dave Modeen and Arjun Makhijani in the same studio?No, they were on air from two different studios, one in North Carolina and the other in Maryland.Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 L

13、isten for DetailsPart APart B第10页/共191页Part APart BNuclear Power PlantsIm Clare Flado. Welcome to this special broadcast on Science Friday from ScienceF. Youre listening to Talk of the Nation on Science Friday. Im Clare Flado. France gets about 70% of its electricity from nuclear power. Here in the

14、US, that number is less than a third of that. France has brought 58 nuclear plants online in the last 30 years. The US hasnt ordered any new plants here since theAnchorman: 第11页/共191页Part APart Bthe 1970s, following the Three Mile Island Accident. But that may all be changing. President Bush has sai

15、d he wants to see an increased emphasis on nuclear power here in the US, including starting construction on new plants by the end of the decade. But is the country ready for nuclear power? Has the technology improved to the point where concerns over issues such as safety and waste disposal can be ad

16、dressed? Will the phrase “Not第12页/共191页Part APart B“Not in my backyard” strike fear in the heart of politicians? Is there a political will to build new plants? On the other hand, ironically, were seeing environmentalists who once were rigidly opposed to nuclear power. Some of them are now saying “As

17、 compared to global warming, nuclear energy poses much less threat. Its really the lesser of two evils, although this would be enough to reinvigorate the call to go nuclear.” What do第13页/共191页Part APart Bdo you think? Well be telling you debating on the nuclear energy proposal this hour. Do you thin

18、k we should consider revising nuclear energy policies in the United States? What do you think about it? Our number 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989 TALK. Let me introduce my guests. Dave Modeen is the vice president of the nuclear division for the Electric PowerResearch Institute (EPRI). 第14页/共191页Part APa

19、rt BIts based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Hes joining us from our Washington studio. Welcome to Science Friday.Thank you Clare.And Arjun Makhijani is the president of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (IEER) from Takoma Park, Maryland. Welcome to our program.Thank you Clare.Dave:

20、 Anchorman: Arjun: 第15页/共191页Part APart BEnvironmental Research (IEER) from Takoma Park, Maryland. Welcome to our program.Thank you Clare.Arjun: 第16页/共191页Part APart BNuclear Power PlantsIm Clare Flado. Welcome to this special broadcast on Science Friday from ScienceF. Youre listening to Talk of the

21、 Nation on Science Friday. Im Clare Flado. France gets about 70% of its electricity from nuclear power. Here in the US, that number is less than a third of that. France has brought 58 nuclear plants online in the last 30 years. The US hasnt ordered any new plants here since theAnchorman: 第17页/共191页P

22、art APart Bthe 1970s, following the Three Mile Island Accident. But that may all be changing. President Bush has said he wants to see an increased emphasis on nuclear power here in the US, including starting construction on new plants by the end of the decade. But is the country ready for nuclear po

23、wer? Has the technology improved to the point where concerns over issues such as safety and waste disposal can be addressed? Will the phrase 第18页/共191页Part APart B“Not in my backyard” strike fear in the heart of politicians? Is there a political will to build new plants? On the other hand, ironicall

24、y, were seeing environmentalists who once were rigidly opposed to nuclear power. Some of them are now saying “As compared to global warming, nuclear energy poses much less threat. Its really the lesser of two evils, although this would be enough to reinvigorate the call to go nuclear.” What 第19页/共19

25、1页Part APart Bdo you think? Well be telling you debating on the nuclear energy proposalthis hour. Do you think we should considerrevising nuclear energy policies in theUnited States? What do you think aboutit? Our number 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989TALK. Let me introduce my guests. Dave Modeen is the v

26、ice president ofthe nuclear division for the Electric PowerResearch Institute (EPRI). Its based inCharlotte, North Carolina. Hes joining usfrom our Washington studio. Welcome toScience Friday.第20页/共191页Part APart BThank you Clare.And Arjun Makhijani is the president of the Institute for Energy and E

27、nvironmental Research (IEER) from Takoma Park, Maryland. Welcome to our program.Thank you Clare.Dave: Anchorman:Arjun: 第21页/共191页Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart BThe Coming Nuclear Renaissance Thirty years ago, the Three Mile Island accident brought th

28、e expansion of the nuclear industry to a halt: dozens of planned reactors were canceled; not a single nuclear plant has been ordered and built in the United States since 1979. But 30 years after Three Mile Island, the nuclear future looks brighter than it has in a long time.第22页/共191页Pre-listeningLi

29、steningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart B The “nuclear renaissance” started under President George W. Bush. Within months after he took office in 2001, Bush set a 2012 goal of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Initiative. The nuclear energy industry played a significant role in helpi

30、ng to achieve President Bushs clean air goals. From 2002 to 2007, nuclear programs got $6.2 billion for research and development, twice as much as fossil fuel programs received, according to the Government Accountability Office. 第23页/共191页Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground Inf

31、ormationPart APart B On February 16, 2010 at the IBEW Local Headquarters in Lanham, Maryland, President Obama said that safe, new nuclear power plants are a “necessity” as he announced more than $8 billion federal loan guarantees to build the first nuclear power plant in three decades. And that is o

32、nly the b e g i n n i n g . T h e O b a m a administration will triple the budget to finance safe, clean nuclear facilities.第24页/共191页Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart B Barack Obama is committed to ensuring Americas energy independence and environmental

33、 protection. “Whether its nuclear energy or solar or wind energy”, said the president, “if we fail to invest in the technologies of tomorrow, then were going to be importing those technologies instead of exporting them.”; “The fact is, even though weve not broken ground on a new power plant in 30 ye

34、ars, nuclear energy remains our largest source of fuel that produces第25页/共191页Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart Bproduces no carbon emissions. To meet our growing energy needs and prevent the worst consequences of climate change, well need to increase ou

35、r supply of nuclear power. Its that simple.”第26页/共191页Greenhouse Gas Reduction Initiative: an alternative to the international Kyoto Treaty, including a series of tax credits and other incentives to encourage business and farmers to reduce harmful emissions. The major differences are listed below:Pa

36、rt APart BKyoto TreatyGGRIGoal To reduce greenhouse gas emissions 5.2 percent overall and 7 percent in the U.S. by 2012To reduce greenhouse gas emissions 4.5 percent in the U.S. by 2012第27页/共191页Part APart BParticipation To set mandatory goals for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, as applie

37、d to about 30 of the most developed nationsTo set voluntary goals, allowing businesses to decide whether or not to participate第28页/共191页Part APart BIncentivesTo allow nations to buy or sell carbon credits on the international financial market or reduce their quota by expanding forests or farmland th

38、at absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphereTo urge businesses to voluntarily reduce emissions by providing tax incentives to those that invest in and effectively utilize “clean” technology第29页/共191页inevitable 不可避免的premature 未成熟的；早熟的tax credit 税收减免liability protection 负债准备；负债保护机制insure 保险metrics 度量衡

39、，标准achievable 做得成的，可完成的，可 有成就的commission 委员会Pre-listeningListeningNew Words and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart B第30页/共191页certify 证明，证实forthcoming 即将来临的，将出现的congressional 国会的loan default 贷款违约；贷款拖欠Westinghouse reactor 威斯丁豪斯反应堆fantasy land 梦境，幻境perspective 视角；观点Pre-listeningListeningNew W

40、ords and ExpressionsBackground InformationPart APart B第31页/共191页1. According to Dave and Arjun, the US government is in support of nuclear power with the hope of 1) ; 2) .Pre-listeningListeningTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for DetailsPart APart BListen to the talk and try to get its main

41、 ideas by taking notes. Fill in the blanks according to your notes.solving the problem of greenhouse gas emission/global warming_solving the problem of power shortage_第32页/共191页4. With improvement in technology, the nuclear power plants are claimed to have become increasingly .2. According to Arjun

42、the possibility that more nuclear power plants will be built in the US is 3. If more nuclear power plants are to be built, they to solve the electricity shortage in the US.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Detailssmall/slim/slight_.are still unable_safer

43、_第33页/共191页Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details5. In terms of the view that nuclear power plants can help address Americas environmental problems, Dave and Arjun with each other.disagree_第34页/共191页Listen to the talk again and try to answer the follo

44、wing questions.Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details1. According to the anchorman, how much was the tax credit for energy? What for?$3.1 billion for liability protection.2. According to Dave, is there an insurance system for the nuclear power industr

45、y?Yes, there is a self-insuring system in place ever since they began to operate as commercial programs.第35页/共191页Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details3. According to Arjun, how many nuclear power plants will have to be built if the US is to achieve

46、the level of France? And at what rate?Seven or eight hundred nuclear power plants in the next 50 years, i.e., two or three every two months for the next 40 years.4. According to Arjun, if the US is going to build six nuclear power plants in 10 years, can they help to solve Americas power shortage an

47、d meet the demand?No. Its just like a few drops (of water) in the boxes and wouldnt account for much.第36页/共191页Pre-listeningListeningPart APart BTask 1 Listen and Take NotesTask 2 Listen for Details5. According to Arjun, can the construction of more nuclear power plants help to address the issue of

48、global warming?No. It is so far at least a fantasy land, which means it is still unable to help address the issue.第37页/共191页Lets talk with the two gentlemen about this. It appears inevitable, does it not that the government is going ahead, Dave, with the premature nuclear power?Yes, I think very muc

49、h so. And therere a number of reasons that I cant think of. Its trying to address the greenhouse gas emissions, only one of the many factors that really get the Bush Administration to come out so strongly in favor of nuclear energy.Part APart BShould There Be More Nuclear Power Plants in the US?Anch

50、orman: Dave: 第38页/共191页In fact, Im reading from a physics article, and physicists today were talking about the US commerces 2005 energy bill has tax credits with $3.1 billion in it. And it gives something important, which is liability protection, which the nuclear industry lost following the Three M

51、ile. One of the things they couldnt get was insurance following that crash?No, I dont believe thats correct. Theres been a (actor) in fact the industrys self-insuringAnchorman: Dave: 第39页/共191页and a structure that the government puts in place, that really has a model system, which essentially has no

52、 fault. The insurance has to handle cost from such accidents. Thats been in place for the history of a commercial program.So why havent there been nuclear power plants?I think, quite frankly, until the beginning of the 90s we did not operate the plants as well as we do today. Weve had a steadyAnchor

53、man: Dave: 第40页/共191页steady increase in the efficiency and the effectiveness today where the fleet-wide average is 90% efficiency. Its the lowest cost based on generation and by all metrics both the industry and the government say its safer and safer today than it has ever been.Arjun, your reaction?

54、Yeah, well, first of all, Im very glad in this sudden soft corner we should do something about global warming. BecauseAnchorman: Arjun: 第41页/共191页I agree that its a gigantic and perhaps the most important environmental problem humanity has ever faced.In order to address to the level of France we nee

55、d about seven or eight hundred nuclear power plants here in the next 50 years, if you want 70% in this country, which might be bigger than France with a much bigger electricity sector.Thats about maybe two months, two or three every two months for the next 40 years. 第42页/共191页years. Not in an achiev

56、able level. In regard to the energy bill, its very interesting that the nuclear power industry, after half a century of governments support, still wants subsidies. Wall Street has no confidence in nuclear power and although a lot of people are talking about it, nobodys really ordered the reactor yet

57、.According to the physics article, the Nuclear Choice (Regulatory) Commission certifies the design of a new reactor, a Westinghouse Anchorman: 第43页/共191页Westinghouse reactor last December and I think that orders may be forthcoming within the next two years.Yeah, I think that orders may be forthcomin

58、g in the first 6. The extent of government subsidies per reactor may be one to two billion a year a couple of years ago, the congressional budget office had estimated there would be a high likelihood of loan defaults. So you know, if the government guarantees loans and puts up maybe five, 10, 12 bil

59、lions dollars for the first six plants.Dave: 第44页/共191页Well have six plants, but how far is that going to take us?Our growth in electricity requires 20 30 plants every year and if we have 6 plants in 10 years, its really a few drops in the boxes.So you are agreeing that there are not enough plants b

60、eing ordered?No, Im not agreeing, but Im saying that nobody is lining up to really build a lot of nuclear power plants. And to say that Anchorman: Arjun: Anchorman: Arjun:第45页/共191页nuclear power plants are going to be the answer to the electricity sectors roles and to global warming is so far at lea